常用語(yǔ)言學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)

1、 常用語(yǔ)言學(xué)詞匯表abbreviation縮寫(xiě)法acculturation語(yǔ)言文化移入acousticphonetics聲學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)acronym詞首字母縮略詞addressterm稱謂語(yǔ)addresser發(fā)話人addressee受話人adjacency毗鄰AdjacencyCondition毗鄰條件AdjacencyParameter毗鄰參數(shù)Affix詞綴Affixation加詞綴法Affricate塞擦音Afroasiatic非亞語(yǔ)系agreementrule一致關(guān)系規(guī)則allophone音位變體alveolar齒齦音alveolus齒齦angulargyrus角形腦回antonymy反義現(xiàn)

2、象antonym反以詞apocope詞尾音脫落aphasia失語(yǔ)癥aphasic失語(yǔ)癥患者appliedlinguistics應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)arbitrariness任意性argument論元articulatoryphonetics發(fā)音語(yǔ)音學(xué)articulatoryvariable發(fā)音變項(xiàng)aspiration送氣assimilation同化approximation近似化auditoryphonetics聽(tīng)覺(jué)語(yǔ)音學(xué)Austronesian.語(yǔ)系Babbling咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)back-formation逆向構(gòu)詞法backvowel后元音Behaviorism行為主義Behavioristlearning

3、theory行為主義學(xué)習(xí)理論BehavioristPsychology行為主義心理學(xué)Bilabial雙唇音Bilingualism雙語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象BlackEnglish黑人英語(yǔ)Blending混合法Borrowing借用boundmorpheme黏著語(yǔ)素brainlateralization大腦左右半球側(cè)化branchingnode分叉點(diǎn)broadtranscription寬式音標(biāo)Brocasarea布羅卡區(qū)caretakerspeech保姆語(yǔ)case格CaseCondition格條件casemarking格標(biāo)志causativeverb使役動(dòng)詞centralvowel中元音cerebralcort

4、ex大腦皮層cerebralplasticity大腦彈性channel渠道classicallanguage古典語(yǔ)言clipping略寫(xiě)法closedclassword封閉類詞code代碼code-switching代碼切換cognate同源詞co-hyponyms并列下義詞coinage創(chuàng)新詞colorword色彩詞combinationalrule組合規(guī)則commissives承諾類詞communicativecompetence交際能力comparativereconstruction比較重建法competence語(yǔ)言能力complement補(bǔ)語(yǔ)complementconstructio

5、n補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)complementarity互補(bǔ)性反義現(xiàn)象complementarydistribution互補(bǔ)分布complexsentence復(fù)合句componentialanalysis成分分析法componentsofmeaning意義成分compoundword復(fù)合詞compounding復(fù)合法computationallinguistics計(jì)算語(yǔ)言學(xué)concept概念conceptualistview意念觀consonant輔音 constituent成分constituentstructure成分結(jié)構(gòu)constraint制約construction結(jié)構(gòu)contentword實(shí)詞cont

6、ext語(yǔ)境;上下文contextualism語(yǔ)境論ContrastiveAnalysis對(duì)比分析法conversationalimplicature會(huì)話含義co-operativeprinciple合作原則coordinatesentence并列句creativity創(chuàng)造性criticalperiod關(guān)鍵期;臨界期culturaltransmission文化傳播declaration宣告類deepstructure深層結(jié)構(gòu)dental齒音derivation派生法derivationalmorpheme派生語(yǔ)素derivative派生詞descriptivelinguistics描寫(xiě)語(yǔ)言學(xué)de

7、signfeature識(shí)別特征determiner限定詞diachroniclinguistics歷時(shí)語(yǔ)言學(xué)diacritics變音符號(hào)dialect方言dialectalsynonym方言同義詞dichoticlisteningtest兩耳分聽(tīng)測(cè)試diglossia雙言現(xiàn)象diphthong復(fù)合元音DirectionaliltyParameter方位參數(shù)Directives指令類Displacement不受時(shí)空限制的特性distinctivefeature區(qū)別性特征D-structure深層結(jié)構(gòu)dualityofstructure結(jié)構(gòu)二重性edoublearticulation結(jié)構(gòu)二重性em

8、beddedclause嵌入句emotivemeaning表情意義entailment含義entity實(shí)體epenthesis插入音ErrorAnalysis錯(cuò)誤分析法euphemism委婉語(yǔ)evaluativemeaning評(píng)價(jià)意義expressives表達(dá)類factivepredicate敘述性謂詞familytree譜系樹(shù)featuresymbol特征標(biāo)記featuresofmeaning意義特征finiteclause限定小句finiteverb限定動(dòng)詞formalize形式化fossilization語(yǔ)言僵化framework框架freemorpheme自由語(yǔ)素fricative擦音

9、frontvowel前元音functionword虛詞functionalshift功能性轉(zhuǎn)換functorelement起功能作用成分gender性GenerativeGrammar生成語(yǔ)法GenerativeSemantics生成語(yǔ)義學(xué)geneticpredisposition基因先天條件geneticrelationship親緣關(guān)系glide滑音glottal喉音glottis聲門gradableantonym/opposites可分等級(jí)的反義詞grammaticality語(yǔ)法性grammaticalmeaning語(yǔ)法意義GreatVowelShift元音大變位hardpalate硬腭h

10、ead中心詞，核心詞hemisphericdominanceforlanguage大腦半球的語(yǔ)言優(yōu)勢(shì)hierarchicalstructure層次結(jié)構(gòu)highvariety高層次變體historicalcomparativelinguistics歷史比較語(yǔ)言學(xué)historicallinguistics歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué)holophrasticsentence獨(dú)詞句homography同形homonymy同音異義；同形異義homophony同音異義hyponymy下義關(guān)系hyponym下義詞idiolect個(gè)人語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)illocutionaryact言外形為inconsistency自相矛盾Indo-E

11、uropean印歐語(yǔ)系infinitivemarker不定式標(biāo)記inflection曲折變化inflectionalmorpheme曲折語(yǔ)素input輸入instrumentalmotivation工具性學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)intake接受integrativemotivation介入性學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)interference干擾interlanguage中介語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)際語(yǔ)internalize內(nèi)在化InternationalPhoneticAlphabet國(guó)際音標(biāo)interpersonalcommunication人際交際intonation語(yǔ)調(diào)intuition直覺(jué)labeled(unlabeled)treedi

12、agram加標(biāo)記樹(shù)形圖labial唇音LAD語(yǔ)言習(xí)得機(jī)制LanguageAcquisitionDevicelanguageacquisition語(yǔ)言習(xí)得languagebehavior語(yǔ)言行為languagecenter語(yǔ)言中樞l(wèi)anguagefaculty語(yǔ)言機(jī)制languagefamily語(yǔ)系languageperception語(yǔ)言感知languageplanning語(yǔ)言規(guī)劃languagevariation語(yǔ)言變異larynx喉laxvowel松元音level層；平面leveloflanguage語(yǔ)言層次lexicalcategory詞類lexicalstructure詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)lexic

13、ology詞匯學(xué)lexicon詞匯linearstructure線性結(jié)構(gòu)linguisticcompetence語(yǔ)言能力linguisticdeterminism語(yǔ)言決定論linguisticlateralization語(yǔ)言側(cè)化linguisticperformance語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用linguisticrelativism語(yǔ)言相對(duì)論linguisticrepertoire全部語(yǔ)言知識(shí)linguistictaboo禁忌語(yǔ)linguistics語(yǔ)言學(xué)liquid流音loanword外來(lái)詞localization定位locutionaryact言內(nèi)行為lowvariety低層次語(yǔ)言變體mannerofar

14、ticulation發(fā)音方法matrixclause主句maximofmanner方式準(zhǔn)則maximofquality質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則maximofquantity數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則maximofrelation關(guān)聯(lián)準(zhǔn)則meaning意義meaningfulness有意義meaningrelation意義關(guān)系mentalism心理主義mentalistictheory精神論message信息metathesis語(yǔ)音變位MiddleEnglish中世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)minimalpair最小對(duì)立對(duì)ModernEnglish現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)Monophthong單元音Morpheme詞素morphlogicalrule形態(tài)學(xué)規(guī)則mo

15、rphology形態(tài)學(xué)mothertongue母語(yǔ)Movea移動(dòng)a規(guī)則movementrule移位規(guī)則namingtheory命名論narrowtranscription嚴(yán)式音標(biāo)narrowingofmeaning詞義縮小nasalcavity鼻腔nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化naturalrouteofdevelopment自然發(fā)展軌道negator否定詞neurolinguist神經(jīng)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家neuron神經(jīng)元no-placepredication空位述謂結(jié)構(gòu)object賓語(yǔ)OldEnglish古英語(yǔ)one-placepredication一位述謂結(jié)構(gòu)optimumage最佳學(xué)

16、習(xí)年齡oralcavity口腔overextension擴(kuò)展過(guò)度overgeneralization概括過(guò)度overtthought有聲思維palatal腭音paralinguistic副語(yǔ)言學(xué)的parameter參數(shù)performance語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用performanceerror語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤perlocutionaryact言后行為pharyngealcavity咽腔phone音素phoneme音位phonemiccontrast音位對(duì)立phoneticfeature語(yǔ)音特征phonetics語(yǔ)音學(xué)phonologicalrule音位規(guī)則phonology音位學(xué)phrasalcategory詞

17、組類phrasestructurerule短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)則pidgin洋涇浜語(yǔ)placeofarticulation發(fā)音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多義性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics語(yǔ)用學(xué)predicate謂語(yǔ)predication述謂結(jié)構(gòu)predicationanalysis述謂結(jié)構(gòu)分析prefix前綴presprictive(grammar)規(guī)定語(yǔ)法presupposition前提proposition命題prepositionalcontent命題內(nèi)容protolanguage原始語(yǔ)psycholinguistics心理

18、語(yǔ)言學(xué)puberty青春期qualifyingpredication修飾性述謂結(jié)構(gòu)ReceivedPronunciation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音Recursiveness循環(huán)性Reference所指語(yǔ)義referringexpression所指名詞register語(yǔ)域relationalopposites關(guān)系反義詞representation表達(dá)；呈現(xiàn)representatives闡述類response反應(yīng)retroflex卷舌音rewriterule重寫(xiě)規(guī)則roundedvowel圓唇元音SAE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)Sapir-Whorfhypothesis薩皮爾-沃爾夫假設(shè)secondlanguageacqui

19、sition第二語(yǔ)言習(xí)得segment切分成分semanticanomaly語(yǔ)義異體semanticdeviation語(yǔ)義變異semanticbroadening語(yǔ)義廣義化semanticnarrowing語(yǔ)義狹義化semanticshift語(yǔ)義演變semantics語(yǔ)義學(xué)semanticstructure語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)semantictriangle語(yǔ)義三角sense意義sequentialrule序列規(guī)則setting背景；環(huán)境sexistlanguage性別歧視語(yǔ)sibilant咝音simplesentence簡(jiǎn)單句Sino-Tibetan漢藏語(yǔ)系situationaldialect語(yǔ)域方言s

20、ociolect社會(huì)方言sociolinguistics社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)softpalate軟腭species-specificcapacity物種特有能力specifier指示語(yǔ)spectrograph頻譜儀speechact言語(yǔ)行為speechcommunity言語(yǔ)社區(qū)speechvariety言語(yǔ)變體S-structure表層結(jié)構(gòu)standardlanguage標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)stem詞干stimulus刺激stop爆破音stress重音structuralconstituency結(jié)構(gòu)成分性structurallinguistics結(jié)構(gòu)主義語(yǔ)言學(xué)subject主語(yǔ)subordinatepredication主從述謂性結(jié)構(gòu)subscript下標(biāo)subvocalpredication無(wú)聲言語(yǔ)suffix后綴superor