海大生物電子版期末2006a答案

1、試題名稱 ：植物生物學(xué)A試題名稱 ：植物生物學(xué)A紙（首頁共1 頁 2006-2007學(xué)年第1學(xué)專業(yè)年級學(xué)授課教師名宮相忠分Biology of Plants-Final Please give definition of the following botanical terms (40 po4 pos each one)Endomembrane systemCasparianstrip Sporic meiosisType specimenUnilocular sporangiumOvuliferousscales Parietal placenQuestions (60 1）What is

2、 meant by the cell theory, and what three features of plant cells distinguish them from animal cells? (10 poWhat is tie system? In ground tie system, How many ties and cell types are included? Please summarize their characteristics, location and function respectively.(10 Please summarize stem develo

3、pment in a woodiosperm during theyearof growth. (10 poPorphyra sp. is an important sead for cultivation,please describe itslife Cycle in detail. (10 poBryophytes and vascular plants share a number of characterst distinguish them from charophytes andt adapt them for existence on land. What are those

4、characters? Please describe the life cycle of a moss (a species of tus Polytrichum) (10 poPlease describe the main characteristics iosperms, the main 試題名稱 ：植物生物學(xué)參紙（附頁共試題名稱 ：植物生物學(xué)參紙（附頁共 頁 2006-2007學(xué)年第 1 學(xué)Please givedefinition of the following botanical terms(40 s, 4 s each Endomembrane systemCollecti

5、vely, the cellular membranest form a continuum (plasma membrane, tonoplast, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and nuclear envelope).The exchange of corresponding segments of genetic material betn the chromatids of homologous chromosomes at meiosis.Casparian strip A bandlike region of primary wall

6、 containing suberin and lignin; found inand transverse-walls of endodermal and exodermal cells.Sporic meiosis Meiosis resulting he formation of haploid spores by a diploid individual, or sporophyte ; the spores give rise to haploid individuals, ametophytes, which eventually produce gametes t fuse to

7、 form diploid zygote; the zygotes, urn, develop o sporophytes; this kind of life cycle is known as ternation of generations.Basidiospores Spores of the basidiomycota, produced within and borne on a basidium following nuclear fu and Type specimen Usually a dried plant specimen housed in an herbarium;

8、 selected by a taxonomist to serve as the basis for comparison with other specimens in determining whether they are members of the same species or not.n monocots and eudicots, and life cycle iosperms. (10 授課教命題教師或命院月 1.7 Unilocular The unilocular reproductive structure which were produced by diploid

9、 sporophytes form haploid zoospores t germinate to produce gametophytes, ly takes place he 1.8 Sorus A group or cluster of sporangia or spores in 1.9 Ovuliferous scales In certain conifers, the appendage or 1.7 Unilocular The unilocular reproductive structure which were produced by diploid sporophyt

10、es form haploid zoospores t germinate to produce gametophytes, ly takes place he 1.8 Sorus A group or cluster of sporangia or spores in 1.9 Ovuliferous scales In certain conifers, the appendage or scalelike shoot to which the ovule ion Of ion, with itioned on the wall of a 1.10 Parietal compound ova

11、ry and ovules attached to the outer wall of the ovary instead of the axis and ing inwards.2.Questions (60 What is meant by the cell theory, and what three features of plant cells distinguish them from animal cells? In its modern form, the cell theory t (1) all anisms are ed of one or more cells; (2)

12、 the reactions of a anism, including ergy-releasing ses and its biosynthetic reactions, take place within (3) cell arise from other cells; (4) cells he hereditary information of anisms of which they are a part, and this information is passed parent cell to daughter In contrast to animal cells, plant

13、 cells have vacuoles, cell walls, and 2)What is e system? In ground e system, How many es and cell types are included? Please summarize characteristics, location and function respectively. (10 poe system: A eroup of o a structural and it in a plant or There are three e systems: dermal, vascular, and

14、 ground or Three type of es are included in ground e system, parenchyma e, e and sclerenchyma Parenchyma e is ed of only one type of cell, parenchyma Characteristics: commonly polyhedral(many-sided); Cell wall: primary, or nd secondary; may be lignified, suberized Cutinized; living at Location: thro

15、ughout theplant, as parenchymati and phloem.e in cortex; as nd pith rays; in Function: etabolic s as respiration, digestion, and photosynthesis; and conduction; wound healing and Collenchyma e is also ed of only one type of cell, collenchyma Characteristics: elongated; cell wall: unevenly thickened,

16、 primary only-nonlignified; living at Location: onCutinized; living at Location: throughout theplant, as parenchymati and phloem.e in cortex; as nd pith rays; in Function: etabolic s as respiration, digestion, and photosynthesis; and conduction; wound healing and Collenchyma e is also ed of only one

17、 type of cell, collenchyma Characteristics: elongated; cell wall: unevenly thickened, primary only-nonlignified; living at Location: on the periphery(beneath dermis) in young elongating stems, often as cylinder of e or only in patches; in ribs along veins in some Function: support in primary plant S

18、clerenchyma e is ed of two types of cell: fiber and Fiber Characteristics: shgenerallyvery long; cell wall: pri lignified; living at maturity.nd thick secondary Location: sometimes in cortex of stems, most often asso of monocotyledons.Function: support; ted with xylem and phloem; in Sclereid Charact

19、eristics: variable; generally n fibers; cell wall: thick secondary-generally lignified; may be living or dead at maturity. Location: throughout the plant.Function: mechanical and 3) Please summarize stem development in a iosperm during year growth. (10 Primary Primary ti es Secondary ti Ground Groun

20、d Cork PPriamry Undifferen ed Primary Summary of stem development in a iosperm during year of 4) Porphyra sp. is an important d for Undifferen ed Primary Summary of stem development in a iosperm during year of 4) Porphyra sp. is an important d for cultivation, please describe its Cycle in detail. (1

21、0 Life cycle of Porphyra sp.-Alternation of heteromorphic The life history of Porphyra sp. includes both bladelike and filamentous The bladelike phase, which is a gametophyte, both female gametangia, Carpogonia, and male gametangia, called spermatangia. After fertilization, diploid pores give rise t

22、o a system of branched filaments. Meiosis during germination of spores(conchospores) produced by the filamentous phase. haploid cells then o the bladelike Porphyra 5) Bryophytes and vascular plants share a number of t distinguish he life cycle of a moss, spores are released from a capsule, which ope

23、ns when a small lid, the Operculum, is lost. The haploid spore germinates, forming a branched, filamentous protonema, from which a leafy gametophyte develops, Sperm are released from the mature antheridium and,on reaching the vicinity of an archegonium, are chemically o theneckhe life cycle of a mos

24、s, spores are released from a capsule, which opens when a small lid, the Operculum, is lost. The haploid spore germinates, forming a branched, filamentous protonema, from which a leafy gametophyte develops, Sperm are released from the mature antheridium and,on reaching the vicinity of an archegonium

25、, are chemically o theneck. he archegonium, one of sperm fuses with the egg cell, producing the zygote. The zygote divides mitotically, forming the sporophyte. At the same time, the venter of the archegonium enlarges, forming the calyptra.The sporophyte consists of a capsule(sporangium), which is us

26、ually prominently raised on a seta(also part of the and a foot, by means of which the sporophyte derives food from the gametophyte. Meiosis occurs he he formation of haploid The life cycle of Polytrichum so bedescribed as Maturesporophytes sporogenousefrom charophytes t adapt them for existence on l

27、and. What are those Please describe the life cycle of a moss (a species of us Polytrichum) (10 Bryophytes and vascular plants share a number of characterstdistinguishthem from charophytes. These include:the presence of male and female gametangia, called antheridia and archegonia, respectively, wipro

28、tective layer called a sterile jacket layer;retention of both the zygote and the develomulticellular embryo, oryoung sporophyte, withhe archegonium or the female gametophyte;the presence of a multicellular diploid sporophyte, which results in an increased number of spores and anlification of the num

29、ber of sporest canbeproduced following each fertilization event;multicellular sporangia consisting of a sterile jacket layer andernalspore-producing (sporogenous) tispores with walls containing sporopollenin, which resists decay and Charophytes lack all of these shared bryophyte and vascular plant c

30、haracters, which are correlated with the existence plants onLife cycle: alternation of heteromorphic youngfemale gametophyte maleLife cycle: alternation of heteromorphic youngfemale gametophyte male6) Please describe the main characteristics iosperms, the main n monocots and eudicots, and life cycle

31、 iosperms. (10 Main Characteristics Flowering Seedplants in which ovules are enclosed in a carpel and seeds are borne within The angiosperms are extremely diverse vege ively but are characterized by the flower, which is basically Other modes of pollination, such as wind pollination, have been derive

32、d in a number of different The The angiosperms are extremely diverse vege ively but are characterized by the flower, which is basically Other modes of pollination, such as wind pollination, have been derived in a number of different The gametophytes are much reduced, with the female gametophyte ofte

33、n consisting of only seven cells at Double fertilization involving the two sperm of the mature microgametophyte gives rise to the zygote (sperm and egg) and the primary endosperm nucleus(sperm and polar nuclei);The es the embryo and the esa l nutritive e There are about 235, 000 Main Differen nMonoc

34、otsandEudicot In fours or (having (havingonepore or furrow)poresorfurrows) UsuallyLeaf UsuallyPrimaryvascular bundles in stemTrue secondary growth, with vascularcambiumIn a Complexy Life cycle iosperm-Alternation of heteromorphicOn germination, a seed begins to o a maturesporophyte, which, in an angiosperm, eventually flowers. he anthers of the flower, mother cells, or microsporophytes, develop. These dividemeiotically, each giving rise to four haploid microspores. icrospore divides once to form a tube cel