獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 完整版課件

1、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) Absolute Structure 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語，多用于書面語中。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。1表示時間：1) Spring coming on, the trees turned green.2) Our work having been finished, we went home.3) The signal given, the bus started.4) The

2、meeting (being) over, we left the room.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當于一個狀語從句，常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。 2表示原因： It being Sunday, the library was closed. There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight. The key having been lost, she could not enter the room. 3表示條件： Everything

3、taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical. Weather permitting, they will start at six tomorrow morning.4表示伴隨情況或補充說明： Last night I followed him here, and climbed in, sword in hand. The children were making a snowman, hands red with the cold. I have bought a new coat, the old one b

4、eing worn out. 常見的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種： 名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間主謂關系。 The girl staring at him, he didnt know what to say. Time permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.(= As the girl stared at him)(= If time permits)2. 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間的動賓關系。 The problems solved, the quality has been improv

5、ed. Her glasses broken, she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. (= As the problems were solved)(= Because her glasses were broken)3. 名詞/主格代詞+不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關系，且強調(diào)的是一次具體性的動作。如： The exam to be held tomorrow, I cant go to the cinema tonight. They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, t

6、he other to go to the bookstore. 4. 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞。如： An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 5. 名詞/主格代詞+副詞。如： He put on his sweater wrong side out. The meeting over, they all went home. 6. 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語。如： The boy goes to the classro

7、om, book in hand. Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 7. There being +名詞（代詞）如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 8. It being +名詞（代詞）如： It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. It being a h

8、oliday, all the shops were shut. 1with + 名詞（或代詞）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes.2with + 名詞（或代詞）+ 過去分詞 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. With the work finished, all of us went out for a walk. 介詞+復合賓語（介詞+賓語+賓補） with (with

9、out like) 復合結(jié)構(gòu)3with + 名詞（或代詞）+ 動詞不定式 I cant go out with all these dishes to wash. With so many books to read, I couldnt go out with you4with + 名詞（或代詞）+ 介詞短語 He walked along with his hat on the back of his head. He simply stared at her with that peculiar expression on his face. 5with +名詞（或代詞）+形容詞 The

10、 man was sleeping with the window open.The mother doesnt allow her child to talk with his mouth full. 6with +名詞（或代詞）+副詞 With John away, weve got more room. The student listened to his teacher with his head down. With the teacher there, he cant write. without like +復合賓語 Without a word more spoken,he

11、left the room. The old pine tree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance.All flights_ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceled2. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died fro

12、m lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain3. Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. takingDDB 6. All the thing _，his proposal is of greater value than yo

13、urs. A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. consider 7. All the tickets _ out, they went away disappointedly. A. being sold B. to have been sold C. having been sold D. having sold 8. The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. ti

14、ed ACD4. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _ and his glaring eyes _ straight upward. A. set; looked B. Set; looking C. setting; looked D. setting; looking5. _, they stopped for a rest. A. The work finished B. The work was finished C. They had finished the work D. As the work being finishedBA“動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)”與“分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”有什么區(qū)別？動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)整體用于做主語，賓語，表語（看作名詞） 如 His being late again ma