交流 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)建議課件

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)建議魯子問(wèn)華中師范大學(xué) 教授 國(guó)家英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)專家組成員詞匯：學(xué)什么？詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容語(yǔ)義書(shū)面語(yǔ)、口語(yǔ)形式語(yǔ)法行為(grammatical behavior) 搭配(collocations) 語(yǔ)域(register)關(guān)聯(lián)屬性(association) 詞頻 (frequency) 詞形 book, books, booking, booked 讀音 /bk/ /bks/ /bki/ /bkt/詞性 1. 名詞；2.動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)義：book = “書(shū)”嗎？搭配：cook the book, closed book連用：book語(yǔ)法行為：book語(yǔ)域：名詞所有語(yǔ)域，動(dòng)詞較正式語(yǔ)域詞頻：名

2、詞為口筆前1000詞，動(dòng)詞為口語(yǔ)前2000詞語(yǔ)用：名詞可在正式與非正式場(chǎng)合使用 動(dòng)詞用于正式語(yǔ)篇使用多于非正式語(yǔ)篇確定詞匯教學(xué)內(nèi)容-book為例A Word: BookFrom Collins1 N-COUNT A book is a number of pieces of paper, usually with words printed on them, which are fastened together and fixed inside a cover of stronger paper or cardboard. Books contain information, stories

3、, or poetry, for example. His eighth book came out earlier this year and was an instant best-seller. .the author of a book on politics. .reference books. 2 N-COUNT usu N of n A book of something such as stamps, matches, or tickets is a small number of them fastened together between thin cardboard co

4、vers. Can I have a book of first class stamps please?3 VERB V n, V n n, V-ed When you book something such as a hotel room or a ticket, you arrange to have it or use it at a particular time. British officials have booked hotel rooms for the women and children. Laurie revealed she had booked herself a

5、 flight home last night. .three-star restaurants that are normally booked for months in advance.4 N-PLURAL A companys or organizations books are its records of money that has been spent and earned or of the names of people who belong to it. (BUSINESS) For the most part he left the books to his manag

6、ers and accountants. Around 12 per cent of the people on our books are in the computing industry. 5 VERB V n When a referee books a football player who has seriously broken the rules of the game, he or she officially writes down the players name. League referee Keith Cooper booked him in the first h

7、alf for a tussle with the goalie.10 PHRASE v-link PHR If you say that someone or something is a closed book, you mean that you do not know anything about them. Frank Spriggs was a very able man but something of a closed book. Economics was a closed book to him.11 PHRASE v-link PHR If a hotel, restau

8、rant, theatre, or transport service is fully booked, or booked solid, it is booked up. The car ferries from the mainland are often fully booked by February.12 PHRASE PHR with cl In my book means in my opinion or according to my beliefs. The greatest manager there has ever been, or ever will be in my

9、 book, is retiring.13 to cook the books If you say that someone has cooked the books, you mean that they have changed figures or a written record in order to deceive people. (INFORMAL)小學(xué)目標(biāo)： 第一：教材語(yǔ)境的基本語(yǔ)義 第二：教材語(yǔ)境的基本語(yǔ)法行為 第三：讀音 第四：教材語(yǔ)境的基本詞形詞匯：教什么？通過(guò)教材語(yǔ)境，掌握詞匯用法，能運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯在類似教材語(yǔ)境理解與表達(dá)小學(xué)詞匯教學(xué)重點(diǎn)詞匯運(yùn)用能力詞匯搭配詞匯讀音，尤

10、其是對(duì)于母語(yǔ)不是拼音文字的漢族等學(xué)生詞形，小學(xué)階段存在認(rèn)知困難小學(xué)詞匯教學(xué)難點(diǎn)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯有效教學(xué)方法2. 用多種方式真實(shí)呈現(xiàn)詞匯在語(yǔ)境中完整呈現(xiàn)詞形、讀音、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)法行為、語(yǔ)用等同一語(yǔ)境用不同語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)反復(fù)呈現(xiàn)同一語(yǔ)境用不同情感、動(dòng)作反復(fù)呈現(xiàn)在近似語(yǔ)境中反復(fù)呈現(xiàn)讀音和詞形在最近發(fā)展區(qū)之內(nèi)，擴(kuò)展呈現(xiàn)在生活相關(guān)話題，擴(kuò)展呈現(xiàn)A lesson.4. 用簡(jiǎn)單語(yǔ)句強(qiáng)化新學(xué)詞匯形成對(duì)新學(xué)詞匯的強(qiáng)刺激，有助于記憶新學(xué)詞匯強(qiáng)刺激可以是強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)境，如teacher都可以通過(guò)強(qiáng)語(yǔ)境形成強(qiáng)刺激但語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)一定要簡(jiǎn)單，才能不影響強(qiáng)刺激的記憶效果若語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)于復(fù)雜，則會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的記憶Im a teacher.Im a

11、 teacher.Im a teacher.5. 基于課文或故事進(jìn)行詞匯運(yùn)用訓(xùn)練基于已掌握簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)構(gòu)訓(xùn)練新詞匯基于語(yǔ)境訓(xùn)練與運(yùn)用基于話題訓(xùn)練與運(yùn)用所有訓(xùn)練與運(yùn)用都應(yīng)有語(yǔ)篇意識(shí)，一切在語(yǔ)篇基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練詞不離句，句不離篇比如一節(jié)課的所有詞匯例句都在一個(gè)故事背景下展開(kāi)Im 2 years old.6. 基于詞匯圖訓(xùn)練詞義理解體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)篇中的詞匯讀音體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)境中的詞匯節(jié)奏、讀音、重音等，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)篇、語(yǔ)境中的節(jié)奏、讀音、重音等，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感8. 結(jié)合技能教學(xué)開(kāi)展詞匯教學(xué)：聽(tīng)語(yǔ)篇中接觸詞匯詞形、語(yǔ)法行為、搭配連用等語(yǔ)篇中理解詞匯的語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)境中建立話題詞匯圖語(yǔ)境中綜合掌握詞匯8. 結(jié)合技能教學(xué)開(kāi)展詞匯教學(xué)：讀案

12、例：讀故事中學(xué)習(xí)shootsA panda bear walks into a restaurant. He orders the special and eats it. After eating, he pulls out a pistol, kills the waiter and starts to walk out the door.The owner gets out a dictionary and looks under the heading “panda. It reads: panda：black and white animal; eats shoots and lea

13、ves.從詞匯開(kāi)始說(shuō)語(yǔ)句有意義地說(shuō)詞匯語(yǔ)句從詞匯到語(yǔ)句用圖片引導(dǎo)說(shuō)用語(yǔ)境引導(dǎo)說(shuō)8. 結(jié)合技能教學(xué)開(kāi)展詞匯教學(xué)：說(shuō)語(yǔ)句層面的詞匯抄寫(xiě)（單獨(dú)抄寫(xiě)一個(gè)詞，只能訓(xùn)練詞形記憶，對(duì)于詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的作用不大）不單獨(dú)進(jìn)行無(wú)語(yǔ)句的單詞拼寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)篇中詞匯的運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境中詞匯的運(yùn)用主動(dòng)的說(shuō)能較好地遷移為有效的寫(xiě)8. 結(jié)合技能教學(xué)開(kāi)展詞匯教學(xué)：寫(xiě)9. 復(fù)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)化詞匯學(xué)習(xí)注意提高詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)率讀音、詞形、用法全部要復(fù)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)境復(fù)現(xiàn)，同時(shí)近似語(yǔ)境遷移讓學(xué)生不斷檢查前面鞏固過(guò)的內(nèi)容是否掌握，讓學(xué)生形成自我鞏固的良好習(xí)慣按教材內(nèi)容順序進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)性鞏固，每一節(jié)課解決一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的基礎(chǔ)問(wèn)題，形成全體學(xué)生全部達(dá)到的基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)性的詞匯必須全部掌握經(jīng)常回顧前面鞏固過(guò)的內(nèi)容注意強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)小 結(jié)詞匯重點(diǎn)不是詞形和讀音，而是其語(yǔ)法行為、搭配與連用合理把握小學(xué)生詞匯學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)選擇真實(shí)語(yǔ)境方式交替呈現(xiàn)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練用簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)和訓(xùn)練新詞匯一切詞匯教學(xué)應(yīng)基