英語句子成分講解

1、WordWord文檔WordWord文檔句子結(jié)構(gòu)成份講解及練習(xí)題主語：就是一個句子述的對象，主語：就是一個句子述的對象，或是動作的執(zhí)行者。它回答的是“誰”什“么”的問題。如：我看書。誰看書？如動詞不定式，動名詞，代詞都可作（代詞）（動名詞）“我”?！拔摇本褪沁@句子的主語。主語由名詞或相當于名詞的詞充當。主語，主語從句）主語（subject）如動詞不定式，動名詞，代詞都可作（代詞）（動名詞）Thesunrisesintheeast.（名詞）Helikesdancing.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（數(shù)詞）Seeingisbelieving.Toseeisto

2、believe.不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Toseeistobelieve.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）謂語：說明主語是什么，干什么，怎么樣。它回答的是主語“干什么，是什么”的問題。如上句中主語“我”干什么？“看書”?！翱磿本褪侵^語。一個句子，一般都可分成主、謂兩大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再細分又可分成謂語（動詞）、賓語，表語，補語（包括賓補和主補），定語，狀語，同位語等。如第一例中謂語部分可劃分成謂語（看）和賓語（書）。謂語部分中心詞一定要是一個動

3、詞，要么是行為動詞，要么是系動詞，不同的動詞構(gòu)成不同的句子類型。句子的各種時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化都在謂語動詞上變。謂語（predicate）:說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.賓語：指謂語動詞所涉及的對象，由名、代、數(shù)，賓語從句等相當于名詞的詞句充當，但人稱代詞要用賓格。如：還說上例。謂語動詞是“看”，看什么？看“書”，“書”是動詞“看”所涉及的對象，是“看”的賓語。需要說明的是：只有及物動詞和介詞或相當于及物動詞和介詞的短語才可帶賓語。賓語：1）動作的承受者動賓likeChina.（名詞）likeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）H

4、owmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）雙賓語間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemo

5、ney.名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。表語（predicative）:系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.（名詞）Seventy-four!Youdontlookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）Heisasleep.（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）Thepictureisonthewall.（介詞短語）Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容詞化的分詞）Towearafloweristosay“Impoor,Icantbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillco

6、me.（表語從句）（常見的系動詞有:be,sound（聽起來）,look（看起來）,feel（摸起來，smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗、吃起表語：是和系動詞緊密相連的。在述句中系動詞后面的就是表語，這就是主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。作表語的也是來）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感覺）Itsoundsagoodidea.Itsoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired.Thefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired.Thedoorremainsopen.ata

7、llboy中，tallatallboy中，tall修飾boy,tall是boy的定語。可作定語的有形容詞、名詞、畐恫、定語從句、分詞等。不定代詞的定語一律后置。定語:修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Heisourfriend.（代詞）AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（畐Webelongtothethirdworld.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（畐U詞）Theboysplayingfootba

8、llareinClass2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.（介詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語從句）狀語：修飾動詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說明謂語動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。如：他在燈下看書。在燈下”是狀語。補語：補充說明主語或賓語的成份，補充說明主語的叫主語補足語，補充賓語叫賓語補足語。如：他把我逗笑了。Hemademelaugh.主語

9、：he;謂語：made;賓語：me;賓補：laugh.補語和它補充說明的成份之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這可以把它和其它成份區(qū)分開?？冢荷暇滟e語me和賓補laugh之間，laugh的動作是me來做的。這就是一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。把這兩部分單拿出來可以成一句完整的話，即Ilaughed,賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.（副詞）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語）

10、Dontlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Dontkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Illhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）主補：對主語的補充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.rr365.語法是句子的框架，學(xué)語法應(yīng)該說是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一個捷徑。相對而言，句子的靈魂是詞匯，學(xué)習(xí)是個長期積累過程，詞匯積累更是如此

11、。學(xué)習(xí)也要講究方法，活學(xué)活用，在運用中記憶，不能死記硬背。另外，語言都有些相通的地方，結(jié)合母語對照學(xué)習(xí)也很有效。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidnstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.

12、Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.簡單句的五個基本句型主語+不及物動詞Shecame./Myheadaches.主語+及物動詞+賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語+系動詞+主語補語Sheishappy.主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook.+賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry.Sheboughtabookforme.主語+賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.）Exe

13、rcises分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.ItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyouAllofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity-Iloveyoumorethanher，child8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmato

14、ldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Dontgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.HedidntcomeThatiswhyhedidntknow

15、18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語不及物動詞）1你應(yīng)當努力學(xué)習(xí)。2她昨天回家很晚。3那天早上我們談了很多。4會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。5在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語及物動詞賓語）1昨晚我寫了一封信。2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?這本書他讀過多次了。4他們成功地完成了計劃。5你們必須在兩周看完這些書。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語系動詞表語）11我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。2冬季白天短，夜晚長。11我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。2冬季白天短，夜晚長。WordWord文檔WordWord文

16、檔3布朗夫人看起來很健康。4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。5孩子們，請保持安靜。雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語）1Johnson先生去年教我們德語。2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。3.Mary把錢包交給校長了。4.請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？5.他把車票給列車員看。復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語動詞賓語賓語補足語）1我們叫她Alice.2他的父母給他取名為John.3我們大家都認為他是誠實的。4他們把門推開了。5他們把小偷釋放了。Therebe句型1今晚沒有會。2這個村子過去只有一口井。3這個學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。4客人當中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。5天氣預(yù)報說下午有大風(fēng)。Word

17、Word文檔WordWord文檔1.主語系動詞表語2.主語3.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語5.主語及物動詞賓語6.主語7.主語及物動詞賓語8.主語9.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語分析下列句子成分句子成分練習(xí)題答案分析下列句子成分13.主語及物動詞賓語14.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語15.主語系動詞表語16.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語17.主語系動詞表語18.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語19.主語不及物動詞20.主語不及物動詞21.主語系動詞表語22.主語系動詞表語23.主語及物動詞賓語24.主語不及物動詞25.主語及物動詞賓語26.主語不及物動詞27.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語28.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語

18、29.主語及物動詞賓語30.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語系動詞表語4.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語動詞形式賓語it賓語補足語+賓語系動詞表語10.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語11.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語12主語及物動詞賓語翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語不及物動詞）1Youshouldstudyhard.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears

19、.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.9Thisboxweighsfivekilos.10IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語及物動詞賓語）wrotealetterlastnight.wanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.rr365.Theyhavecarried

20、outtheplansuccessfully.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.receivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.Jimcannotdresshimself.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語系動詞主語補語）1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysares

21、hortandthenightsarelong.MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Children,keepquietplease.6ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.7Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.8Heisoutofwork.9Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.10Thereportsoundsinteresting.雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語）1MrJ

22、ohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.6ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.8RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.9Willyoupleaseget

23、meanewcopy?10ShallIcallyouataxi?復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語賓補動詞賓語賓語補語）1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.5Theyhavesetthethieffree.6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.9Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.10TomorrowIll

24、havesomeonerepairthemachine.11EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.12Thepainmadehimcryout.13Wewontlethergooutatnight.14Hehashishaircutonceamonth.15Ilgletmyrecordermended.16Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.17Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.18heboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdrilling.19Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybe