2022年新版專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料

1、最新專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料第一節(jié) 概 念 一、開(kāi)音節(jié)以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾、以“元音字母+不發(fā)音的e”結(jié)尾、以“一種元音字母+一種輔音字母(r除外)+不發(fā)音的e”結(jié)尾的音節(jié)都叫開(kāi)音節(jié)。如：no， be， note.發(fā)音的元音字母：a， e， i， o， u二、閉音節(jié)以“一種元音字母+一種或幾種輔音字母(r除外)”結(jié)尾的音節(jié)叫閉音節(jié)。如：map， plan， west.三、r音節(jié)以“元音字母+r”構(gòu)成的音節(jié)叫r音節(jié)。如：car， doctor， teacher， dirty.詞匯與語(yǔ)法40個(gè)小題，共40分。 從，的考題看，語(yǔ)法占2025分。第一節(jié) 名 詞(null)大綱規(guī)定掌握：一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名

2、詞二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式三、名詞的所有格四、名詞在句子中的作用一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種。可數(shù)名詞表達(dá)某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體。如table， country.或表達(dá)若干個(gè)體構(gòu)成的集合體。如 family， people， committee， police.不可數(shù)名詞表達(dá)無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如air， tea， furniture， water.或表達(dá)動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work， information， advice， happiness.有些名詞在一種場(chǎng)合下是可數(shù)名詞，在另一種場(chǎng)合下是不可數(shù)名詞。如room 房間(可數(shù))，空間(不可數(shù))time 時(shí)間(不

3、可數(shù))，次數(shù)(可數(shù))fish 魚(yú)(不可數(shù))，多種各樣的魚(yú)(可數(shù))比較下列例句：There are nine rooms in the house. (房間，可數(shù)名詞)There isnt enough room for us three in the car . (空間，不可數(shù)名詞)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以通過(guò)在其前面加單位詞來(lái)表達(dá)。如： 一塊肉 a piece of meat兩條長(zhǎng)面包 two loaves of bread三件家具 three articles of furniture一大筆錢(qián) a large sum of money二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)

4、的構(gòu)成如下：1.一般狀況下在名詞后加-s.如：girls， books.濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾，s發(fā)z2.以s， x ， ch， sh結(jié)尾的詞在名詞后加-es.如：glasses， boxes， matches， bushes.以s， x ， ch， sh結(jié)尾，es發(fā)iz3.“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-es.如：city-cities， country-countries.4.以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加-es.如：heroes， tomatoes， potatoes.radios， zoos， photos， pianos， kilos 例外。5.f， fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f，fe為v再加-e

5、s.如：thief-thieves， leaf-leaves， half-halves， life-lives， wife-wives， knife-knives.少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：man-men， woman-women， foot-feet， tooth-teeth， child-children， mouse-mice.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般狀況下考不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。個(gè)別名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式是同樣的。如Chineses， Japanese， sheep， deer.三、名詞的所有格名詞的所有格表達(dá)所屬關(guān)系， 起形容詞的作用。當(dāng)名詞表達(dá)有生命的東西時(shí)，所有格一般是在詞尾加 s .如

6、：Jeans room， my daughter-in-laws friends， my daughters-in-laws friends， childrens books.如果名詞已有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s， 則只需加。如：the teachers books， my parents car.時(shí)間名詞的所有格在背面加s ，復(fù)數(shù)加 .如：todays newspaper， five minutes walk.當(dāng)名詞表達(dá)無(wú)生命的東西時(shí)，所有格常由“of”短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：the top of the world， the cover of the book， Chinas capital.加 s 或 的名詞

7、所有格可以表達(dá)店鋪或某人的家。如：the grocers， the tailors， the Smiths .名詞所有格考試常用部分是名詞表達(dá)沒(méi)有生命的東西時(shí)，不能直接在其后加s.時(shí)間名詞所有格在其后加s，或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加。四、名詞在句子中的作用名詞在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以作狀語(yǔ)。名詞、代詞或其她構(gòu)造作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須與主語(yǔ)保持一致。1.主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。All roads lead to Rome.(條條大路通羅馬。)His brother is an industrial engi

8、neer.The number of the students attending the party is increasing.the number of 表達(dá)數(shù)量，無(wú)論背面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.two-thirds 三分之二幾分之幾作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式。belong to 屬于某人Both of us are studying English.總結(jié)：在名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，the number of 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式;幾分之幾，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)形式;both 謂語(yǔ)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2、主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動(dòng)名

9、詞詞組、從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。All the money he received was given to his mother.Forgetting the past means betrayal.What we are talking now is useless.3.主語(yǔ)部分若有as well as， with， together with， like， but， except等短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語(yǔ)前面的名詞一致。Mary， as well as her two sisters， is a student of this school.(as well as her tw

10、o sisters 作主語(yǔ)Mary的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ) Mary 是單數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)No one except my friends knows anything about it.4.表達(dá)時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！?()=”算式中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。Three times two is six.Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres. (three kilometers作為整體來(lái)看)5.Either， neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Neither of us has been t

11、o Italy.Has either of them been to Shanghai?none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。None of the students have/has seen the film.None of the money belongs to me.6.主語(yǔ)由eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)形式由最鄰近的主語(yǔ)決定。Not only you but also I am wrong.Neither my aunt nor I am going out

12、this afternoon.Either you or she is to do the work.7.主語(yǔ)中有and，如果表達(dá)單一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The bread and butter is nice.8.主語(yǔ)前有many a， more than one修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Many a book has been read by the students.many a book=many booksMore than one person has been to the Great Wall.9.集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)作整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)作每個(gè)獨(dú)立的個(gè)體看待時(shí)

13、，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The committee meets once a year. (作為整體)The committee are having a meeting now. (作為獨(dú)立個(gè)體)People， police作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The police have come to arrest him.名詞部分考試重點(diǎn)1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞里，哪幾種詞是不可數(shù)名詞。2、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式重點(diǎn)掌握不規(guī)則形式，單、復(fù)數(shù)相似的名詞。3、名詞所有格重點(diǎn)掌握時(shí)間名詞所有格在其后加s，復(fù)數(shù)加。4、名詞在句中的作用，重點(diǎn)掌握剛剛的9點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)測(cè)試1.Ten days _ long enough

14、 for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more.A. is B. has been C. was D. had beenten days 作為一種整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。(注意時(shí)態(tài))答案 A2. Now， many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs， for example， before the names of _ in business letters.A. woman manager B. women manager C. woman managers

15、 D. women s 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后的名詞肯定是復(fù)數(shù)。兩個(gè)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，兩個(gè)都要變。答案 D3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _ to fifteen.A. have increased B. has increased C. is increased D. are increasingthe number of 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案 B4. Neither John nor his father _ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning

16、 train.A. was B. were C. would be D. have beenneithernor謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟相鄰的主語(yǔ)一致。答案 A5. The room is eight _ long.A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feetsfoot 英尺，復(fù)數(shù)形式 feet答案 C6. When autumn comes， the _ of trees begin to fall.A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leafleaf 的復(fù)數(shù)形式 leaves答案 C7. The flood has done _ to this area.

17、A. damages B. many damages C. much damage D. damaging8. Not only the students but also their teacher _ at the meeting.A. was present B. were present C. have been presented D. has been presentednot only but also 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相鄰名詞一致。present 呈現(xiàn)，簡(jiǎn)介答案 A9. One of the things she wrote about _ life on a small farm

18、at the beginning of the century.A. is B. was C. are D. wereone of 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。答案 B10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _ college education.A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have been receivedone out of 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。答案 B11. Never before _ so many people been engag

19、ed in producing goods just for the comfort of man.A. has B. have C. will D. wouldnever before開(kāi)頭，句子倒裝。主語(yǔ)so many people為復(fù)數(shù)。engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。答案 B12. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina.A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits主語(yǔ) a soldier and two young

20、 people為復(fù)數(shù)答案 A13. There _ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream.A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone主語(yǔ) the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream復(fù)數(shù)答案 B14. Mr. Brown， and not I ， _ chosen to be the representative of the class.A. is B. am C. are D. have been主語(yǔ) Mr.Brown答

21、案 A15. The teacher， as well as a number of students， _ to attend the party.A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與as well as前面的名詞一致。答案 C16. The hostess together with the guests of honor _ comfortably in the living room.A. was seated B. seated C. were seated D. were seating謂語(yǔ)與 together with 前的

22、名詞一致be seated 就坐Please be seated ladies and gentlmen.Seat the boy next to his brother.答案 A17. The father， rather than the brothers， _ responsible for the accident.A. is B. are C. have been D. has主語(yǔ) the father ，單數(shù)be responsible for 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)答案 A18. Either Carol or Grace _ to the concert， but one of them ha

23、s to stay home.A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have comeeitheror 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與臨近主語(yǔ)一致。答案 A19. The total amount of money _ 100 dollars.A. is B. are C. has D. havemoney 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。答案 A20. Great quantities of fish _ on high seas.A. is caught B.第二節(jié) 冠 詞(1-42-2)大綱規(guī)定： 1、不定冠詞的基本用法2、定冠詞的基本用法3、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則

24、以及冠詞的習(xí)常用法冠詞是一種虛詞，只能附著在名詞上協(xié)助闡明名詞的含義。冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不冠詞(a或an)兩類(lèi)，定冠詞表達(dá)特指，不定冠詞表達(dá)泛指。a用于讀音以輔音開(kāi)頭的詞前面，an用于讀音以元音開(kāi)頭的詞前面。如：a university， a useful book， an umbrella， a horse， an honest man.一、不定冠詞的基本用法1.表達(dá)“一”的含義。Give me a pen please.We go shopping twice a week.2.泛指某個(gè)人或東西。Yesterday we visited an English secondary s

25、chool.She picked up a magazine and began to read.3.表達(dá)一類(lèi)人或東西。He works as a language teacher in that university.As a writer， he is successful.Even a child can answer this question.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)浮現(xiàn)，泛指用不定冠詞，特指用定冠詞。一種可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)不能自己?jiǎn)为?dú)浮現(xiàn)。二、定冠詞的基本用法1.表達(dá)特定的人或東西。Give me the magazine.Have you decided on the prices yet?Th

26、e book on the table is an English dictionary.Beijing is the capital of China.2.復(fù)述前文提到的人或東西。Last week， I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people.The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing.3.用于形容詞前

27、面，代表一類(lèi)人或東西。the poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受傷的人the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美麗的事物 the old 老年人the young 年青人4.用于表達(dá)世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西的名詞前面。the moon， the sun， the earthThe moon moves aroud the earth.We have friends all over the world.Dont build castles in the air.5.用于序數(shù)詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞的最高檔前面，副詞最高檔前面的the 可以省略。Ja

28、nuary is the first month of the year.The sun rises in the east.Japan lies to the east of China.Beijing lies in the north of China.Ireland lies on the Great Britain.At the Childrens Palace， some children learn to play the piano， others learn to play the violin.Last week we went to the theatre.Among t

29、he three girls she speaks English the best.“東、南、西、北”作副詞時(shí)，前面不加冠詞。We are walking south.形容詞最高檔前若有物主代詞，就不加定冠詞。Monday is my busiest day.6.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表達(dá)一家人或夫婦倆。The Lius have moved to Guangzhou.The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.7.不可數(shù)名詞前面一般不加定冠詞，但若有限制性定語(yǔ)修飾，或表達(dá)特定部分、特定內(nèi)容時(shí)，前面需加定冠詞。Drink some water.Is

30、the water in the well fit for drink?What do you think of the music?He cant take the advice his mother gives him.三、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則1.季節(jié)、月份、日期前一般不加冠詞。If winter comes can spring be far behind?We have few classes on Sunday.10.1 is National Day.2.表達(dá)球類(lèi)、棋類(lèi)、三頓飯的名詞前一般不加冠詞，但樂(lè)器前需加定冠詞。What did you have for lunch?Dinne

31、r is ready.Lets go and watch them play chess.My elder brother likes to play football.The boys are learnig to play the guitar.play the pianoplay the violin3.有些固定詞組中的名詞前不加冠詞。at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morningin the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in townin front of (at the bac

32、k of) at distance (in the distance)as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold冠詞考試重點(diǎn)冠詞所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。1、什么時(shí)候加定冠詞。2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)浮現(xiàn)，必須用a或an或定冠詞修飾，不能單獨(dú)浮現(xiàn)。3、什么狀況下，不用加冠詞。冠詞易考：1、冠詞修飾名詞。Please go _ upstairs after you have finished the lunch.upstairs是副詞，前面不需要加冠詞。2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)泛指，前面加不定冠詞。an用于讀音以元音開(kāi)頭的單詞前。Reading

33、 English story books is a good way of improving your English.I have been waiting for him for half an hour.3、名詞特指時(shí)，前面加定冠詞。He is enjoying his stay in Denmark， but has some difficulty with the language.Is the water from the tap fit for drink?4、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞泛指，前面不加冠詞;大部分專(zhuān)有名詞前也不加冠詞。As we know， the most d

34、angerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends.They left for work after supper.The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II .(the Sencond World War)5、冠詞在固定詞組中的特定用法。Without any news from Tom for a long time， his father left for Shanghai to see him.They will travel by air

35、.I will help you for the sake of your sister.(for the sake of 由于)I will go to school on foot.My mother is in hospital.He has been in prison for two years.典型例題1. _ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _ World War II.A. The; the B. A; the C. The; / D. A; /World War II是專(zhuān)有名詞答案：C2. Can you

36、 play _?A. piano B. pianos C. a piano D. the piano答案：D3. “Youve been very busy lately.”“So busy I havent had time to clean my house. There is _ wherever you look.”A. dust B. a dust C. the dust D. dustsdust 是不可數(shù)名詞答案：A4. The station? Take the second turning _.A. to left then go straight on B. on the l

37、eft， then go straight onC. to left， then go right forward D. to the left， then go right forwardon the left 在左邊答案：B5. My mother usually has _ bed.A. the breakfast B. breakfast inC. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in thein bed 躺在床上答案：Bin the bed 在床里面6. He stole the money and they put him _.A. at pri

38、son B. at the prison C. in prison D. in the prisonin prison 進(jìn)監(jiān)獄答案：C7. Even on Sundays， fewer people go to _ church than before.A. the B. a C. / D. thatgo to church 去教堂 go to school 去學(xué)校 go to bed 上床睡覺(jué) go to college 去大學(xué)答案：C8. _ look much alike.A. Smiths sisters B. Smith sisters C. Two Smith sisters D.

39、 The Smith sisters表達(dá)一家人，前面加 the答案 D代 詞(2-23-3)涉及 人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、批示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其用法。一、人稱(chēng)代詞人稱(chēng)代詞有第一、第二、第三人稱(chēng)和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中有下列人稱(chēng)代詞：在并列的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)中，I或me 一般放在背面。如：Liping and I are in charge of the work.My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow.二、物主代詞物主代詞有形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主

40、代詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞在句子中重要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)(接在of 背面)。英語(yǔ)中有下列物主代詞：名詞型的物主代詞相稱(chēng)于形容詞型的物主代詞加上上文浮現(xiàn)的名詞。如：My bag is yellow， his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown.三、反身代詞英語(yǔ)中有下列反身代詞：反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。如：Please help yourself to some tea.(賓語(yǔ))The boy is too young to look after himself.(賓語(yǔ))Ill be myself

41、again in no time.(表語(yǔ))The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位語(yǔ))I fixed the door myself. (同位語(yǔ))四、批示代詞批示代詞涉及this， that， these， those 和such，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等(such不作賓語(yǔ))。that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免反復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)替代。用the one 的時(shí)候更多某些。如：These machines are better than those we turned

42、out last year. 生產(chǎn)The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 產(chǎn)量The best wine is that from France.My room is lighter than the one next door.Ill take the seat next to the one by the window.The film is more funny than that one.that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。如：They have no time to r

43、ead the books. Thats their trouble.She was ill yesterday. Thats why she was absent.I want to know this： How much money we have left?What I want to say is this： Pronunciation is very important in learning English.this 和that 有時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表達(dá)限度。如：I dont want that much.He is not that wise.The book is about thi

44、s thick.五。疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞涉及what， which， who， whom， whose， 可以用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句。 What， which， who在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。如：Who is speaking? (主語(yǔ))Which do you prefer， the yellow one or the white one? (賓語(yǔ))Whats your sister?(表語(yǔ))The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.(引導(dǎo)定從句)The old man whose s

45、on is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引導(dǎo)定從句)This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon. (引導(dǎo)定從句)I dont remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)疑問(wèn)代詞what， which， who， whom背面可以加ever來(lái)加重語(yǔ)調(diào)。如：Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?誰(shuí)這樣深更半夜來(lái)找人?Ill s

46、ay whatever comes into my head.Take whichever book you like.六。不定代詞不定代詞涉及both， either， neither， all， none， no， one， each， every， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， some， any， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。(一)both， either， neitherboth 表達(dá)“兩者(都)”，either表達(dá)“(兩者之中)任何一種”，neither表達(dá)“(兩者

47、之中)沒(méi)有一種”。三個(gè)詞在句子中都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，both還可以作同位語(yǔ)。My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.(be good at 擅長(zhǎng)做某事)Neither of the answers is right.Either of the books belongs to you.You and I are both to blame.You both agreed to stay.Both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be 的背面。(二

48、)all， none， no， oneall和none用于三者以上的場(chǎng)合，分別表達(dá)“所有都”和“一種都沒(méi)有”，none往往與of連用。All of us are fond of sports.(be fond of 愛(ài)好)We are all for him.(be for sb 支持某人)Grasp all， lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。(諺)None of them know how to read and write.A friend to all is a friend to none. 濫交者無(wú)友。(諺)None of us are perfect.None of t

49、hem has had that kind of experience.no表達(dá)“沒(méi)有”，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，相稱(chēng)于not a 或not any，not否認(rèn)動(dòng)詞，no否認(rèn)名詞。Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不等人。(諺)No man is born wise. 沒(méi)有人是生來(lái)聰穎的。(諺)Im no dancer. (Im not a dancer.)one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠詞，可以有自己的定語(yǔ)，還可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。Your answer is a good one.I dont like coloured envelopes. I like

50、 white ones.I havent got a raincoat. Ill have to buy one.(三)each， everyeach 和every表達(dá)“每一種”，every 在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，each 可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher.(shake hands with 握手)The students try to set aside a little money each month.(set aside 節(jié)省)From each according to his abi

51、lity， to each according to his needs(work)。各盡所能，按需分派。I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well.There is every possibility of our winning the game.every 還常用在every little while (每隔一會(huì))，every other day， every three days(每隔兩天)，every ten miles(每隔十英里)， every now and then (不時(shí))，every fo

52、ur years， every other line， one out of every three students.(四)few， a few， little， a little， many， muchfew， a few， many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few， little表達(dá)否認(rèn)，a few， a little表達(dá)肯定，much常用于否認(rèn)句中。Many hands make light work. 人多好辦事。(諺)Few words are best. 話(huà)少最佳。(諺)They dont take much inte

53、rest in it.I know little about it.Theres a little water left in the jar.Few of them have been to India.Ive read a few books written by Dickens.(五)other， the other， others， the others， anotherForty people came to the meeting. Two of them were from Japan， the others from America.Many people came to at

54、tend the meeting. Some were from Japan， others were from America.The United States， unlike many other countries， receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world.The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other.(sothat 如此以至于 tell sb. from 辨別)

55、Some students are watering the flowers， others are weeding the fields.The task will be finished in another three days.Four of them are in the classroom. What about the others?Please give me another example to illustrate your point.There are three apples on the table. One is for my mother， another is

56、 for my father and the third is for me.七、it的用法1.指代一種人或事物。Its only a fifteen-minute ride to my school.It often rains in the south of China.“Whos that?” “Its Liming.”Its early spring.2.作句子的形式主語(yǔ)，替代不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise.It cost me five yuan to buy the pen.The

57、color TV set costs me more than 2，000 yuan.I spent ten hours in finishing the work.I spent twenty yuan on the shirt.It is no use crying now. Youd better study hard now.(it is no use doing sth. )To his surprise， it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination.(to ones surprise 使某人感到驚奇)Its a pi

58、ty that you didnt watch the match.It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.3.作句子的形式賓語(yǔ)，替代不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。They all regard it their duty to help the poor people.I dont think it worthwhile taking so much trouble.(Its worthwhile doing. 做事是值得的)We find it difficult to learn English without practic

59、ing.I think it no use telling them.I dont think it very important that we should take part in the discussion.(take part in 參與)He feels it his duty to help others.4.構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)，并且主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，句型中的that 也可以換作who.強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本構(gòu)成 it is thatIt is in the room that we met each other for the first time.It was not unti

60、l 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games.(not until 直到才)It was they who attended the meeting last week.It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it.考試重點(diǎn)that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免反復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)替代。that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。不定代詞中，both