2023年人教版七年級上冊英語語法知識及習題

1、PAGE PAGE 11七年級上冊英語語法知識及習題英語的十大詞類.詞類英語名稱意義例詞名詞Noun (n.)表示人或事物的名稱boy, pencil, book, 冠詞Article (art.)用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物a (an), the代詞Pronoun (pron.)用來代替名詞we, that, his, what形容詞Adjective (adj.)用以修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征 old, red, fine, good數(shù)詞Numeral (num)表示數(shù)量或順序one, thirteen, first, ninth動詞Verb (v.)表示動作或狀態(tài)look, g

2、o, be(am, is, are)副詞Adverb (adv.)修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞not, too, here, often介詞Preposition (prep.)表示名詞、代詞等和其他詞的關系in, on, of, to, under連詞Conjunction (conj.)用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句與句and, or, but感慨詞Interjection (interj.)表示說話時的喜悅、驚訝等情感oh, hello, hi英語句子成分：組成句子的各個局部即句子成分。句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補足語等。一、主語subject: 句子說明的人或事物

3、。1.Bobhasa soccer ball . 鮑勃有一個足球。名詞2.He likes dancing.他喜歡跳舞。代詞二、謂語predicate: 說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征，謂語一般是動詞。1.We study English. 我們學習英語2. He isasleep. 他睡著了。三、表語predicative:表示主語“是什么或者“怎么樣，表語前面的動詞稱為系動詞?！跋祫釉~+表語一塊稱為謂語。 1. He is a teacher.他是個老師名詞2. Five and five is ten.五加五等于十數(shù)詞3.He is asleep.他睡著了形容詞4.His father is

4、 in. 他的父親在家副詞5.The picture is on the wall.畫在墻上。 (介詞短語)6.That sounds good 那聽起來很好。7.It looks nice . 看上去很好。常見的系動詞有: be, sound聽起來, look看起來, feel(摸起來，smell聞起來, taste嘗起來、吃起來, feel感覺 .四、賓語：動作、行為的對象1.I like China.我喜歡中國。名詞2.You can help me. 你能幫助我。代詞3.How many do you need? We need two. 你們需要多少？我們需要兩個。數(shù)詞4. I li

5、ke playingsoccer. 我喜歡踢足球。動名詞5.I want to have an apple. 我想要吃個蘋果。不定式雙賓語間接賓語指人和直接賓語指物Toms mother buy himsome books.湯姆的媽媽給他買了一些書。五、賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。We will make them happy. 我們將讓他們快樂。形容詞His father help him to do his homework. 他的父親幫他做家庭作業(yè)。帶to不定式六、定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。1. He is a Chinese teacher. 他是個語文老師。名詞

6、2. He is our friend. 他是我們的朋友。代詞3. I have three books. 我有三本書。數(shù)詞4. He is a good student. 他是個好學生。形容詞5.The boy in red is my brother. 穿紅衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。(介詞短語)七、狀語：用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或句子。表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式等。1.I go to school at seven oclock.我在七點鐘上學。2.He reads the book in the room.他在房間里看書。3.I dont like thr

7、illers because they are scary. 我不喜歡恐怖片因為它們太嚇人了。13 冠詞：冠詞是置于名詞之前。冠詞分為不定冠詞a，an、定冠詞the和零冠詞三種。零冠詞指的是不用冠詞的情況。不定冠詞表示“一，定冠詞表示“這個，那個，這些，哪些。不定冠詞的用法-1不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式。a用在以輔音開頭的詞前，an用在以元音開頭的詞前。判斷一個詞是以元音開頭還是以輔音開頭，是根據(jù)讀音而不是根據(jù)字母。用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示一 There is a tiger in the zoo. 動物園里有一只老虎。an apple ,an orange ,an English bo

8、y ,你還能寫出一些前邊用an 的詞嗎？_不定冠詞的用法-2 用在某些表示數(shù)量的詞組中：a lot of 許多 a pair of 一雙定冠詞的用法1) 用于指談話雙方都知道的人或事物Open the door, please. 請把門翻開。2)用以復述上文提過的人或事物第一次提到用“a或an，以后再次提到用“theI have a pencil , the pencil is green .我有一支鉛筆，這支鉛筆是綠色的。3)用在序數(shù)詞前January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年當中的第一個月。4) 表示世界上宇宙中獨一無二的事物the su

9、n 太陽 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界5) 表示演奏樂器時，樂器的前面要加the play the piano 彈鋼琴 play the violin 拉小提琴零冠詞的用法1) 專有名詞前一般不加冠詞Tom 湯姆China 中國 Europe 歐洲2) 月份、周日、節(jié)日前一般不加冠詞January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié) Thanksgiving 感恩節(jié)National Day 國慶節(jié) May Day 勞動節(jié)比較： .on a Sunday morning. 在一個星期天的早晨. 表示

10、某一個。3三餐、四季前一般不加冠詞I have lunch at school. 我在學校吃午餐。4球類運動不加冠詞play basketball 打籃球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球時態(tài)概說 在英語中，不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，要用不同的動詞形式來表示，這種動詞的不同形式稱為時態(tài)。 I am 14 this year. 今年我14 歲。 I was 13 last year.去年我13 歲。 He plays soccer every day.他每天都踢足球。 He played soccer yesterday.昨天他踢足球了。一般現(xiàn)在時

11、 一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，如：He is 12. She is at home. 表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的動作，如：I go to school at 7:30 every day. 表示主語具備的性格和能力等，如：She likes apples. They know English.動詞的種類動詞分為四種：連系動詞, 實義動詞, 助動詞, 情態(tài)動詞1連系動詞：詞義不完全，要和后面的表語一塊構成謂語。如 be (am,is are)是，sound聽起來，look看起來 She is my sister.That sounds interesting .聽起來很有趣。2實義動詞，有實際意義的動詞

12、，能單獨做謂語。如 see, ask, like I like bananas.3助動詞：本身沒有詞義，幫助實義動詞一起構成否認句，疑問句。如 do，doesI dont like chicken .Does he like apples ?4情態(tài)動詞；本身具有一定意義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和實義動詞一起構成謂語。can,能，會，must ,必須，情態(tài)動詞后一定要用動詞原形。I can speak English .I must find it . 我一定要找到它動詞be的用法be 的用法口訣我用am，你用are，is連著他，她，它；單數(shù)名詞用is，復數(shù)名詞全用are。變疑問，往前提，句末問

13、號莫丟棄。變否認，更容易，be后not莫忘記。疑問否認任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。Be動詞專項練習 用am,is,are填空：1.I_astudent._youastudent?No,I_not. 2.Thegirl_Jackssister. 3.Thedog_tallandfat. 4.Theman _ateacher. 5._yourbrotherintheclassroom? 6.Where_yourmother?She_athome. 7.How_yourfather? 8.Jane and Tom _ my friends 9. Where _ my pen ?10. Where _ m

14、y books ?11.That_myredskirt. 12.Who_I? 13. Thejeans_onthedesk. 14. Here_aphoto of my family . 15.Here_somesweatersforyou. 16.Theblackbook_forSuYang. 17.Thispairofsocks_20 dollars. 18.Thetwocupsofmilk_forme. 19.Sometea_intheglass. 20. How much _ the skirt?21 How much _ the trousers ?22. Mysistersname

15、_Nancy.23._DavidandHelenfromEngland? 24.There_agirlintheroom. 25.You,heandI_fromChina. 句型轉換的方法一.肯定句變否認句1.句子中有be，在be后加not。) I am a student. I am not a student.2) They are blue . They arent blue.3) He is Tom. He isnt Tom 2.謂語是動詞原形，在動詞前加dont。) I have a book . I dont have a book.2) They like Chinese .Th

16、ey dont like Chinese.3) We come from China. We dont come from China.3謂語動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)，在動詞前加doesnt，動詞用原形。1)She has a basketball.She doesnt have a basketball2)Maria likes China. Maria doesnt like China.3)Jane comes from the U.S.A.Jane doesnt come from the U.S.A.練習：將以下句子變成否認句。1. I am a teacher. I _ a teache

17、r.2. We are students. We _ students.3. Jane is a girl. Jane _ a girl.4. They like English. They _ like Chinese5. I come from China. I _ come from China.6. He likes Chinese. He_ like Chinese.7. Maria comes from Cuba.Maria_ come from Cuba.8. We know Maria. We _ know Maria二.肯定句變一般疑問句句子中有be，把be提到句首1) I

18、am a student.Are you a student?2) They are blue.Are they blue?3) He is Tom.Is he Tom?2.謂語是動詞原形，在句首加do。1).I have a book .Do you have a book?2) They like Chinese .Do they like Chinese?3) We comefrom China.Do you come from China? 3.謂語動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)，在句首加Does，動詞用原形。1) She has a basketball .Does she have a bas

19、ketball?2) Maria likes China. Does Maria like China?3) Jane comes from the U.S.A.Does Jane come from the U.S.A?4) She knows Maria. Does she know Maria?練習:將以下句子變成一般疑問句。1. I am a teacher. _ _ a teacher?2. They are students. _ _ students?3. Jane is a girl. _ _ a girl?4. They like English. _ they like E

20、nglish?5. I come from China. _ you come from China?6. He likes Chinese. _ he_ Chinese?7. Maria comes from America. _ Maria _from America?8. We speak Chinese. _ you_ Chinese?三.一般疑問句做肯定,否認答復1.Are you Maria ? 肯定答復：Yes , I am.否認答復：No,Im not.2.問句和答語的動詞保持一致.1) Are you a student?肯: Yes, I am. 否： No, Im not

21、.2) Is he Jack ?肯：_. 否：_.3) Do they like Chinese?肯：_. 否：_.4) Does she have a basketball ?肯：_. 否：_.3.問句和答語中的主語保持一致。必須用主格1) Is Jane from the U.S.A?肯:Yes, she is. 否:No，she isnt. 2) Does Li Hua come from China?肯：_. 否：_. 3) Do Jane and Maria like China?肯：_. 否：_. 4) Is this a ruler?肯：_. 否：_.5) Is that a d

22、esk? 肯：_. 否：_.6) Are these books?肯：_. 否：_.7) Are those pencils?肯：_. 否：_.8) Are these erasers?肯：_. 否：_.9) Is that an orange?肯：_. 否：_.練習：給以下句子做肯定答復或否認答復。1.Are you a student? Yes, _ _ . No, _ _ .2. Do they like English? Yes, _ _. No, _ _ .3. Is Jane a girl? Yes,_ _. No, _ _. .4. Does Maria like China?

23、Yes, _ _ . No, _ _.5.Is Jenny a student? Yes ,_ _ No , _ _ .6.Is that a girl? Yes , _ _No , _ _.7.Are those telephones? Yes , _ _ No , _ _ .8.Does Tom know Jane? Yes , _ _ No , _ _.9.Do they come from the U.S.A? Yes , _ _ No , _ _.10.Is this an egg?Yes , _ _ No , _ _四.對劃線局部提問. 口訣：一選二變?nèi)龁柼? 一選是分析句意，先選

24、疑問詞，代替劃線局部劃線局部去掉，二變是把剩余局部變成一般疑問句疑問詞作主語時除外，第三步加上問號。練習 ：對劃線局部提問1. The shoes are black_2. She is my teacher. _3 My keys are on the sofa._4. Lily is in the classroom._5. I am fine. _6. That boy is Tom. _10. Her telephone number is 88828539. _11. The skirt is 12 dollars _12. She is 12 years old. _13. His

25、 name is Jim Green ._14. My birthday is on December,24_1.My name is Nancy. _ _ your name?2.I am from China. _ _ you from?3.I am fine . _ are you?4. Miss.Wang is our English teacher._ is your English teacher?5.Lucy is ten years old. _ _ are you?6.It is yellow . _ _is it？7.My telephone number is 58050

26、00._ _ your telephone number?8.They are cars . _ are they?9.This is mycap. _ cap is this?10.My favorite movie star is Bruce Lee. _ is your favorite movie star ?五.同義句轉換.1.Please give Jane the book.Please _ the book _ Jane.2. This is my book. This book is _3. He has short hair. _ is short.4. My ruler

27、is not long. My ruler is_5. This jacket is not new. This jacket is _6.My English teacher is old . My English teacher is not _.六.單復數(shù)轉換.1.將以下句子變成復數(shù). It is a box . _ _ _. This is a ruler. _ _ _. That is an eraser. _ _ _. He is a student._ _ _. .2.將以下句子變成單數(shù)。1.They are pencils._ _ _.2.These are erasers.

28、_ _ _.3.They are boys. _ _ _.4. They are girls . _ _ _.5.Those are books. _ _ _.6.These are desks. _ _ _.7.These are boxes. _ _ _.8.Those are cars. _ _ _.六. 仿照例句改寫以下句子。She is in the classroom .否認句： She is not inthe classroom.一般疑問句： Is she in the classroom?答復：Yes, she is. (No, she isnt)1. I am a stud

29、ent .否認句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否認答復：_2. This is my book.否認句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否認答復：_3. They are on the desk.否認句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否認答復：_4.The pen is red.否認句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否認答復：_八改寫句子1. Those are my books. 否認句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否認答復：_變單數(shù)：_劃線局部提問：_2. She is my good friend.否認句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否認答復：_變復數(shù)：_劃線局部提問：_3. The pen is in the desk.否認句：_一般疑問句

30、：_肯、否認答復：_變復數(shù)：_劃線局部提問：_動詞have , has 的用法用法一. have強調(diào)所屬關系，主語常為人或物。意為“有當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，并且只有當句子為肯定句時，動詞“有用has，當主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時，以及否認句和疑問句中用一律用have一用have或has填空：1. She_some balls. 2. They_a nice garden. 3.Miss Li doesnt_an English book.4. What does Mike_? 5. My father_a story-book。6. My parents dont_ any nice pictur

31、es. 7. Davids friends_a basketball.8.David_some jackets.二仿照例句句型轉換：1.We have a baseball.變一般疑問句 Do you have a baseball ?肯定答復 Yes ,I do .否認答復 No , I dont .否認句 We dont have a baseball .對劃線局部提問 What do you have ? 2.David has a ruler .變一般疑問句 Does David have a ruler ?(注意has變成 have)肯定答復 Yes , he does .否認答復

32、No , he doesnt否認句 David doesnt havea ruler .(注意has變成 have)對劃線局部提問 What does David have?(注意has變成 have)練習：1.Eric has some nice photos.變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_2.Her friends have many books.變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_3.Our school has a library.變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_4.Lucy has an o

33、range skirt.變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_用法二. Have和has除了意思為“有外，還可以表示“吃或喝1.吃早飯 _ 2.吃午飯 _ 3.吃晚飯_用法三Have也可以和表示某種活動的名詞連用，意為“舉行7.上課 _ 8.舉行生日聚會_句型轉換1.I have some fish for lunch every day.變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_2.Lily has apples for dinner.變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_(三) 動詞like 的用法仿照例句句型轉換：

34、1.They like ice cream.變一般疑問句 Do they like ice cream?肯定答復 Yes ,they I do .否認答復 No ,they dont .否認句 they dont like ice cream .對劃線局部提問 What do they like ? 2.She likes vegetables.變一般疑問句Does she like vegetables?(注意likes變成like)肯定答復 Yes ,she does .否認答復 No ,she doesnt .否認句 Shedoesnt like vegetables(注意likes變成

35、like)對劃線局部提問 What doesshe like ? 練習：1. I like strawberries .變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_2 .you like salad.變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_3. Lily likes apples .變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_4. His father likes pears.變一般疑問句_肯定答復 _否認答復 _否認句 _對劃線局部提問_句型轉換專項訓練Her phone number is 2345167.(提問) _ _ p

36、hone number?I am Jim Green.(同義句) _ _ _ Jim Green.This is an ID card. (提問) _ _ in English?This is Jims card. (同義句) _ _ is Jims.Her family name is Green. (同義句) Her _ _ is Green.They are Lucy and Lily. (同義句) _ _ _ Lucy and Lily.My last name is Green and first name is Jim. (同義句) _.Hes in Class One. (提問)

37、 _ _ _ he in?This is a nice flower. (同義句) _ _ _ nice .Thats my pencil case.(變否認句) _ _ my pencil case.Is this your dictionary? (變復數(shù)句) _ _ your _?Are you a teacher? (做肯定答復) _ , _ _.Five and two is seven. (提問) _ _ five and two ?The pencil is blue. (提問) _ _ _ the pencil ?Lily is my friend and Lucy is my

38、 friend , too. (同義句) Lucy and Lily _ _ _.This is a girl. (變復數(shù)句) _ _ _ girls.These are my friends. (變否認句) _ _ my friends.Mrs Green is Kates mother. (同義句) Kate is _ _ _ .Those are Toms photos. (變單數(shù)句) _ _ Toms photo.Thank you for your photos. (同義句) _ _ your photos.Those are Kates pens. (同義句) _ _ _ Kate

39、s .Shes my aunts daughter. (變復數(shù)句) _ my aunts _ .That womans Jims aunt. (提問) _ _ that woman ?a , is , family , this , of , photo , Davids(連詞成句)_My books are in the bag. (變一般疑問句) _ _books in the bag ?His baseball is under the chair. (變復數(shù)句) _ _ _ under the chair .Your keys are next to the door. (變單數(shù)句)Y

40、our_ _ next to the door.The sweater is on the bed. (變一般疑問句) _ _ _ on the bed ?I need a hat. (變否認句) I _ _ a hat.There are some apples on the tree. (變一般疑問句) _ _ _ apples on the tree ?I know your pen is black. (變否認句) I _ _ your pen_ black .Are those bananas green?(做肯定答復) _ , _ _.Some apples are on the

41、bed. (提問) _ _ on the bed ?We can see a bird in the tree. (變一般疑問句) _ _ _ a bird in the tree ?We have seven classes every day. (變否認句) We _ _ seven classes every day .He has two basketballs. (變一般疑問句) _ _ _ two basketballs ?She has a brother. (變復數(shù)句) _ _ a brother .Is there a map of China in your class?

42、(同義句) _your class _ a map of China ?He has a computer game. (變否認句) He _ _ a computer game .Mary does homework at home. (變一般疑問句) _ Mary _ homework at home? Sue has a sports collection. (變一般疑問句) _ Sue _ a sports collection ?I have seven balls. (變否認句) I _ _ seven ball.Jim likes sports. (提問) _ _ Jim _ ?

43、Lucy plays the guitar every day. (提問) _ _ Lucy play the guitar ?This game is relaxing. (同義句) _ is _ _ game . Terry has eight balls. (提問) _ _ balls _ Terry have ?She has two eggs for breakfast. (提問) _ _ she _ for breakfast ?This is a strawberry . (變復數(shù)句) _ _ _ _. Mother has French fries and ice cream. (變否認句) Mother _ _ French fries and ice cream .They dont l