英語句子成分英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解

1、一、英語句子成分和英語句子構(gòu)造解說：（一）句子成分主語（subject）:句子說明的人或事物。主語能夠由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、主語從句和短語等來擔(dān)當(dāng)。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名詞）Helikesdancing.（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.（動(dòng)名詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語，主語從句是

2、真實(shí)主語）找出以下句中的主語：Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名詞）Shewentoutinahurry.（代詞）Fourplusfouriseight.（數(shù)詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名詞化的形容詞）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）謂語（predicate）:說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特點(diǎn)。簡單謂語:由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組構(gòu)成sawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)

3、合謂語：由神態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing.找出以下句中的謂語（注：只有動(dòng)詞才可作謂語。）：WeloveChina.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.HecanspeakEnglish.Sheseemstired.表語（predicative）:系動(dòng)詞以后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特點(diǎn)。Heisateacher.（名詞）Seventy-four!Youdontlookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）Heisasleep.（形容詞）Hisfatherisi

4、n.（副詞）Thepictureisonthewall.(介詞短語)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容詞化的分詞）Towearafloweristosay“Impoor,Icantbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表語從句）（常有的系動(dòng)詞有:be,sound（聽起來）,look（看起來）,feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗、吃起來）,remain（保持，還是）,feel（感覺）.Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Thefoodsmellsdeli

5、cious.Thedoorremainsopen.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired.找出以下句中的表語。Iamateacher.Theyareontheplayground.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Itgetscold.Itsoundsinteresting.4.賓語：1）動(dòng)作的承受者-及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語IlikeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Weshouldhelptheoldandthe

6、poor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動(dòng)物.Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.指出下邊句子的間接賓語和直接賓語：pleasepassmethebook.Hebou

7、ghthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.找出以下句子的賓語部分：Weoftenhelphim.Helikestoplaybasketball.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.Shesaidthathefeltsick.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.賓補(bǔ)：對賓語的增補(bǔ)，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以增補(bǔ)其意義不足，使句子的意義完好。這種常用的及物動(dòng)詞有：Weelectedhimmonitor.（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn

8、tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語）Dontlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Dontkeepthelightsburning.（此刻分詞）Illhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）主補(bǔ)：對主語的增補(bǔ)，全稱為主語補(bǔ)足語。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewas

9、advisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.（數(shù)詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（此刻分詞）Thetreespla

10、ntedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語從句）定語后置：假如定語是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，往常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，往常則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?8.狀語：用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,或句子。表示時(shí)間、地址、原由、結(jié)果、

11、程度、條件、方式和退步。（以下例句按上述次序擺列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeeting-room.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell

12、.（二）句子構(gòu)造簡單句的五個(gè)基本句型1.主語不及物動(dòng)詞Shecame/Myheadaches.2.主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語ShelikesEnglish.3.主語系動(dòng)詞表語Sheishappy4.主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook.5.主語賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)語ShemakeshermotherangryTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+be句型Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Thereliesabookonthedesk.Exercises：剖析以下句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyh

13、ome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity翻譯練習(xí)：主謂構(gòu)造（主語不及物動(dòng)詞）1、你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)Youshouldstudyhard.2、他昨天夜晚很晚回家Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.練習(xí)：1、Thisboxweighsfivekilos.這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。2

14、、IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.五年前我住在北京。主謂賓構(gòu)造（主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語）1、我昨晚寫了一封信Iwrotealetterlastnight.2、我今日下午想和你說說Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.練習(xí)：1、AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.我們大家都相信Jack是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。2、Hedidnotknowwhattosay.他不知道說什麼好。主系表構(gòu)造（主語系動(dòng)詞表語）我的弟弟都是大學(xué)生Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.在冬季，白日很短夜晚很長Inwinter,t

15、hedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.布朗女士看上去很健康MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.在他15歲那年他成為了著名的畫家Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.練習(xí)：1、樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.2、這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來很存心思。Thereportsoundsinteresting.雙賓語構(gòu)造（主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語）1.強(qiáng)森先生昨年叫我們德語MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2.祖父昨晚給我講了一個(gè)風(fēng)趣的故事Grandmatoldm

16、eaninterestingstorylastnight.練習(xí)：1、請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?2、我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？ShallIcallyouataxi?復(fù)合賓語構(gòu)造（主語動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語）1.我們叫她愛麗絲WecallherAlice.2.他父親母親叫他約翰HisparentsnamedhimJohn.練習(xí)：1、學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.2、我以為與那個(gè)人講話是無益的。Ithoughtitn

17、ousetalkingwiththatmanTherebe句型今夜不會(huì)開會(huì)Thereisntgoingtobeameetingtonight.這個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村里只有一口井Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.練習(xí)：、鈴響了。Theregoesthebell、一周有七天。Therearesevendaysaweek二、英語句子種類解說：依據(jù)句子的用途，英語句子可分為陳說句、疑問句、祈使句和嘆息句。依據(jù)句子的構(gòu)造，英語句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。中考對句子的考察主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：陳說句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；一般疑問句、特別疑問句、選擇疑問句、反

18、意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；由what,how指引的嘆息句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及差別關(guān)于各樣從句的用法我們在后邊分別闡述。(一.)陳說句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法1.陳說句：陳說句是用來陳說一個(gè)事實(shí)或表達(dá)說話人見解（包含一定和否認(rèn)）的句子。往常用降調(diào)，句末用句號“.”。Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisntbeautiful.2.陳說句否認(rèn)式的構(gòu)成(1)假如一定陳說句的謂語部分含有助動(dòng)詞、神態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be，則只要在這些動(dòng)詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否認(rèn)式。Heisplayingtheguitar.（一定）Heisnotplayingtheguitar.（否認(rèn)）Wecangetthereb

19、eforedark.（一定）Wecantgettheebeforedark.（否認(rèn)）(2)假如陳說句的謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，而此中又沒有神態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則需依據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)在該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加dont,doesnt或didnt。同時(shí)把該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變成原形。Heplaystheviolinwell.（一定）Hedoesntplaytheviolinwell.（否認(rèn)）Shewonthegame.（一定）Shedidntwinthegame.（否認(rèn)）(3)假如句子是therebe構(gòu)造或謂語動(dòng)詞是have（有），除了be和have以后加not以外，句中假如有some要變成any。比如：Thereissome

20、waterinthecup.Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.Hehasnotanybooks.(4)除not以外，否認(rèn)詞no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句。比如：Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike.Ihaveseenthefilm.Ihaveneverseenthefilm.(二.)祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法祈使句是用來表示命令、懇求、建議、呼吁等的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用嘆息號“！”或句號“.”。朗誦時(shí)一般用降

21、調(diào)。一定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主語是you時(shí)，you常省略，但假如要特別重申對方或表達(dá)某種激烈的情緒時(shí)能夠有主語或稱號語。Bequiet.Youbequiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一種激烈的感情或懇求，do起重申作用。Docomebackatonce!Dobecareful.（3）please用在祈使句中能夠表示一種客氣的語氣，但please用在句末時(shí)，一定用逗號與其余部分分開。Openthewindow,please.（4）Let指引祈使句時(shí)，后邊需跟上人稱代詞或稱號語，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。LetJackwaitaminute.Letsgotoschool.（5）在祈使句中，Lets和Letus是有區(qū)其余。Lets包含說話者，而Letus不包含聽話者在內(nèi)。這點(diǎn)