定語(yǔ)從句的譯法課件市公開(kāi)課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、英譯漢基本技巧 第5章定語(yǔ)從句譯法第1頁(yè)第1頁(yè)定語(yǔ)從句譯法5.1 譯成前置定語(yǔ)5.2 譯成后置并列成份5.3 溶合譯法5.4 譯成狀語(yǔ)第2頁(yè)第2頁(yè)5.1 譯成前置定語(yǔ)條件：本身較短，與被修飾語(yǔ)關(guān)系緊密To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.誠(chéng)然，一個(gè)宏偉重建計(jì)劃也許能為許多需要工作人提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatigui

2、ng climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits.在科學(xué)上沒(méi)有平坦大道，只有不畏勞苦，沿著陡峭山路攀登人，才有希望達(dá)到光輝頂點(diǎn)。第3頁(yè)第3頁(yè)When I went to China, I went to teach; but every day that I stayed I thought less of what I had to teach them and more of what I had to learn from them. Among Europeans who had a lo

3、ng time in China, I found this attitude not uncommon; but among those whose stay is short, or who go only to make money, it is sadly rare.我到中國(guó)是去教書(shū)?？墒?，同我天天教給他們東西相比，我把向他們學(xué)習(xí)東西看得更為主要。我發(fā)覺(jué)，大凡久居中國(guó)歐洲人都持這種態(tài)度。然而，可悲是，那些在中國(guó)暫住或是只想到中國(guó)賺錢(qián)人持這種態(tài)度者卻很少。第4頁(yè)第4頁(yè)In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware t

4、hat cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.可是，近幾年來(lái)人們開(kāi)始意識(shí)到都市也是問(wèn)題成堆地方。The moon is a world that is completely still and where utter silence prevails.月亮是一個(gè)聲斷音絕世界，是一個(gè)萬(wàn)籟俱寂世界。第5頁(yè)第5頁(yè)However, I think that any thoughtful scholar who takes the trouble to go through the source notes at

5、 the end of this volume will find that the essential facts of the story which I have told from written diaries, memoranda and memories.然而，我想任何一位認(rèn)真閱讀書(shū)后面材料起源注釋細(xì)心學(xué)者都會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)，我所講述史話基本事實(shí)起源于書(shū)面日記、備忘錄和回想錄。第6頁(yè)第6頁(yè)有時(shí)較長(zhǎng)限定性定語(yǔ)從句也可This practice book is intended for foreign engineers or students of engineering who have

6、already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects.這本練習(xí)書(shū)本是給那些已經(jīng)掌握了英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而現(xiàn)在要利用學(xué)到語(yǔ)言知識(shí)來(lái)閱讀專業(yè)書(shū)籍外國(guó)工程師或?qū)W習(xí)工程學(xué)學(xué)生用。第7頁(yè)第7頁(yè)To write a genuine familiar or true English style is to write as any one who would speak in common conversati

7、on, who had a thorough command and choice of words, or who could discourse with ease, force and perspicuity.用真正普通文體即純正英語(yǔ)文體寫(xiě)作就像那些熟諳詞匯而又善于選擇詞匯，能高談闊論且言辭流暢，說(shuō)話有力而明確人日常交談普通。第8頁(yè)第8頁(yè)有些起附加闡明非限制性定語(yǔ)從句He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didnt like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜歡熱情活

8、潑妹妹，而不喜歡冷漠傲慢哥哥。第9頁(yè)第9頁(yè)練習(xí)1. The question, which worries everyone today, is: how long will these fuels last?2. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive.3. There will be no heroics in a war where the safest place will be the front link, and the most dangerous the house of our civilian

9、population.4. Scientists believe that there must be hundreds of heavenly bodies in the universe where human beings or something like human beings may exist.第10頁(yè)第10頁(yè)5.2 譯成后置并列成份A.一些結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，或意思上有較強(qiáng)獨(dú)立性限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這種譯法，往往要采用重復(fù)批示詞“這”、“這些”等。But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will make th

10、e smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.同時(shí)人們也正把注意力集中到另一項(xiàng)辦法上，這項(xiàng)辦法將使吸煙者越來(lái)越意識(shí)到自己不良習(xí)慣并為之感到不安。第11頁(yè)第11頁(yè)In 1883 an American physician, A. King, listed twenty observations, which pointed to mosquitoes as a factor in malaria.1883年，美國(guó)醫(yī)生A.金列舉了二十個(gè)觀測(cè)匯報(bào)，這些匯報(bào)表明蚊子是引起瘧疾一個(gè)原因。This volume

11、 is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task.這本書(shū)旨在為寫(xiě)作提供范例，能夠說(shuō)寫(xiě)作是一個(gè)難題。第12頁(yè)第12頁(yè)I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known.我始終在盡力掙脫一個(gè)生活，改換另一個(gè)生活，但是我所改換生活并不見(jiàn)得比我原先生活好。第13頁(yè)

12、第13頁(yè)有些定語(yǔ)從句可將先行詞譯成“他”“他們”等人稱代詞。Honeycutt was 40, an affable man who had to leave his family in Ralegh, North Carolina, when hed gone north to work.亨尼卡行年40，和藹可親，他去北方工作時(shí)不得不把家室留在北卡羅萊納州羅利市。Above the English lettering the words are repeated in the Chinese calligraphy of premier Zhou, who wrote the brief t

13、ext.在這些英文字上方，是周總理親筆書(shū)寫(xiě)同樣內(nèi)容中文，他擬定了這樣簡(jiǎn)短銘文。第14頁(yè)第14頁(yè)B.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句普通起解釋補(bǔ)充闡明作用，普通譯為后置并列分句。These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in America.這些書(shū)是我在美國(guó)買，他們?cè)谖也貢?shū)中只占一小部分。He gave in his resignation, which was the best thing he could do in the circumstance.他提出了辭職，這在當(dāng)初情況下是最好辦法。第15頁(yè)第15頁(yè)I

14、n other words, they conduct more readily in high temperatures, which is probably because their decreased viscosity affords less opposition to the transport of ions through them.換句話說(shuō)，在高溫時(shí)它們更容易導(dǎo)電，這也許是由于其粘性減少,離子通過(guò)它們時(shí)阻力較小緣故。A friend is someone who draws out your best qualities, with whom you sparkle and

15、 become more knowledgeable.朋友就是能使你表現(xiàn)出最佳品質(zhì)人，與他在一起你就會(huì)精神煥發(fā)，更有見(jiàn)識(shí)。第16頁(yè)第16頁(yè)嵌套定語(yǔ)從句They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief.他們對(duì)那些報(bào)酬看來(lái)是很得意，那些報(bào)酬是他們歷盡千辛萬(wàn)苦，通過(guò)取得令人難以置信勝利來(lái)。第17頁(yè)第17頁(yè)He was too important and too busy to

16、occupy himself with the matter personally, but he had a confidential secretary who was very clever at dealing with electors (who had not made up their minds how to vote) and who certainly knew how to put before a young woman (who was honest but poor) the advantages that might ensure if she were luck

17、y enough to secure the friendship of such a man as his employer.第18頁(yè)第18頁(yè)他身居要職事務(wù)繁忙，不能親自處理這件事。但是，他有一名私人秘書(shū)，此人非常善于對(duì)付那些尚未拿定主意選誰(shuí)選民，當(dāng)然知道如何向一個(gè)純真但貧窮少女炫耀，告訴她假如有幸得到他雇主這樣一位人物情誼她將會(huì)得到諸多好處。第19頁(yè)第19頁(yè)練習(xí)1. Shakespeare was a great English dramatist and poet whose name was known all over the world.2. Small wonder then t

18、hat more scientists are visiting the region to acquire new knowledge which will help us to have a better understanding of the earth as a whole.3. By a quirk of fate, Humbolt and Bonpland met Mariano Luis de Urquijo, prime minister of Spain, who was able to obtain for them the permission to visit the

19、 Spain Empire in South America.第20頁(yè)第20頁(yè)4. Forty-two had died on the crossing, which was about average for slaves making the trans-Atlantic trip in those days.5. Marx was a loving, gentle and considerate father. He used to spend hours playing with his children. They remember to this day the sea fight

20、s in a large basin of water with fleets of paper boats, which he made for them and which he would then set on fire to their great joy.第21頁(yè)第21頁(yè)5.3 溶合譯法把主語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)合起來(lái)譯，溶合成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立句子。You are the only person who could do it.只有你才干做這件事。This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.這是我生平第一次和老板發(fā)生嚴(yán)重糾葛。O

21、ur team, which are in good form, will do well in the coming matches.我隊(duì)競(jìng)技狀態(tài)良好，將在未來(lái)比賽中取得優(yōu)秀成績(jī)。第22頁(yè)第22頁(yè)Young people who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.年輕人緊張?jiān)趹?zhàn)斗中死去是有道理，

22、想到生活要賦予最美好東西竟成為泡影，自然要傷心。第23頁(yè)第23頁(yè) UNESCO， which places action in favor of young people at the heart of its programmers, notably those concerned with education and training, is making its contribution to the achievement of this goal.聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織把有助于青年活動(dòng)，尤其是那些與青年教育和培訓(xùn)相關(guān)活動(dòng)，作為其各項(xiàng)計(jì)劃關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容，從而為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的做出奉獻(xiàn)。第24頁(yè)第24頁(yè)

23、Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering truth for truths sake, and that is “as far as possible do no harm”.我們這個(gè)職業(yè)在傳統(tǒng)上恪守一條信條，那就是：“盡也許不造成傷害”，這一信條勝過(guò)為講真話而講真話美德。第25頁(yè)第25頁(yè)There be句型漢譯時(shí)常采用溶合譯法There was no one who did not praise them for th

24、eir great accomplishments.沒(méi)有些人不稱贊他們?nèi)〉镁薮蟪删汀here is nothing that does not contain contradiction.沒(méi)有什么事物是不包括矛盾。There was little that the doctor could do for the patient.醫(yī)生對(duì)這個(gè)病人已經(jīng)無(wú)能為力了。第26頁(yè)第26頁(yè)練習(xí)1 Teheran Conference was the first opportunity which I had of observing him at close hand.2 There is somethin

25、g that keeps worrying me.3 In time, men saw that there were seasons, which followed one another in regular order.4 This is the paper mill they set up in 1970.第27頁(yè)第27頁(yè)5.4 譯成狀語(yǔ)A.表示原因We engage professor Wu, who understands English.我們聘請(qǐng)吳專家，由于他懂英語(yǔ)。Many of our Welsh people are going to settle in North Car

26、olina, where land is cheap.我們威爾士人有許多去北卡羅來(lái)納定居，由于那里土地廉價(jià)。Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius” whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand.愛(ài)因斯坦在資產(chǎn)階級(jí)筆下被描繪為一個(gè)“天才”，由于他理論非常深?yuàn)W，只有少數(shù)最杰出科學(xué)家才干理解。第28頁(yè)第28頁(yè)We can read of things that happened 5000

27、 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.由于在近東人們最早使用文字記事，因此，即使追溯到五千年前那里發(fā)生事情，我們也能知道。Wells, who had spend years studying science, used to consider the future of man in the light of scientific knowledge.由于威爾斯花了多年時(shí)間研究科學(xué)，因而他經(jīng)常依據(jù)科學(xué)知識(shí)考慮人類未來(lái)。第29頁(yè)第29頁(yè) in some instances the pretext was

28、 belied on the spot by the soldiers who raped the girls in full public view even before loading them on the trucks. (David Bergamini: Japans Imperial Conspiracy)在一些場(chǎng)合，這種借口當(dāng)初就被（日本）士兵們敗露了真相，由于在把姑娘們拖上卡車前，他們當(dāng)眾把姑娘們強(qiáng)奸了。 （戴維 貝爾加米尼，日本天皇詭計(jì)）第30頁(yè)第30頁(yè)B.表示時(shí)間You, who are in the prime of your life, come forth with

29、 greater contributions for the benefit of the people.趁你年富力強(qiáng)時(shí)候，為人民多做點(diǎn)奉獻(xiàn)吧。A sailor who was fixing a rope lost balance and tumbled overboard.一個(gè)水手正在系繩子時(shí)候，失去平衡，掉到水里去了。I had the honor of seeing Chairman Mao, who was visiting the Jinggang Mountain in 1965.毛澤東1965年重訪井岡山時(shí)，我曾榮幸地見(jiàn)到他。第31頁(yè)第31頁(yè)Congress, which had

30、 met to continue its protests to the Crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.代表大會(huì)先前已集會(huì)決定繼續(xù)向英皇抗議了，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)而召集軍隊(duì)并推選喬治華盛頓為總司令了。第32頁(yè)第32頁(yè)C.表示目的He is collecting authentic materials that proves his argument.他正在搜集確鑿材料以證實(shí)他論點(diǎn)。Steel parts are usually covered wit

31、h grease, with which they may not rust.鋼零件通慣用潤(rùn)滑油覆蓋，以免生銹。第33頁(yè)第33頁(yè)Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.中國(guó)派了貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)前往非洲各國(guó)，以便與各國(guó)政府商談貿(mào)易協(xié)定。The imperialists states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which

32、are used for oppressing and exploiting the people in distant land.帝國(guó)主義國(guó)家維持龐大陸海軍，用以壓迫和剝削遠(yuǎn)地人民。第34頁(yè)第34頁(yè)D.表示結(jié)果The rain washed away the track, which prevented the rain from running.大雨沖走了鐵軌，因而火車無(wú)法行駛。In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the communis

33、ts movement.這樣，他鼓舞了一代科學(xué)家，使他們積極參與共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)。第35頁(yè)第35頁(yè)Subjectivism and one-sidedness developed in his thinking and he made erroneous decisions on certain important questions, which led to serious and harmful consequences.他思想產(chǎn)生了主觀主義和片面性，對(duì)于一些重大問(wèn)題做出了錯(cuò)誤決定，因而造成嚴(yán)重不良后果。第36頁(yè)第36頁(yè)E表示條件Nothing is hard in this world f

34、or one who dares to scale the height.世上無(wú)難事，只要肯攀登。A person is a idealist who thinks that rational knowledge need not to be derived from perceptual knowledge.假如認(rèn)為理性知識(shí)能夠不從感性知識(shí)得來(lái)，那么他就是一個(gè)唯心主義者。Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人們迫不及待地找工作，無(wú)論干什么，只要能養(yǎng)

35、家糊口就行。第37頁(yè)第37頁(yè)The difficulties （that would have to be encountered by anyone who attempted to explore the Moon） would be incomparably greater than those that have to be faced in the endeavor to reach the summit of Mountain Qomolangma.任何人假如打算登上月球探險(xiǎn)話，他必定遭碰到種種困難。困難之大，是努力攀登珠穆朗瑪峰時(shí)所面臨困難無(wú)法比擬。第38頁(yè)第38頁(yè)F表示讓步Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace them.電子計(jì)算機(jī)即使有許多長(zhǎng)處，卻不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作，代替不了人類。Glass, which breaks at a blow, is nevertheless capable of withstanding great pressure.玻璃即使一擊即碎，卻能承受巨大壓力。Even the pine log which burned all day in th