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1、2022年中考英語二輪復習之定語從句一.選擇題(共20小題)(2021西寧)- - I have read books were written by Charles Dickens. TOC o 1-5 h z -So do I.David Copperfield is my favorite.()A. howB. whoC. whatD. that(2021 株洲)The active ladies like music they can dance to.()A. thatB. whereC. who(2021 湘西州)-What kind of music do you like?-I

2、 like music I can sing along with.()A. thatB. whoC. what(2021 畢節(jié)市)Great changes have taken place here.Everything comes into myeyes is so new to me.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. whom(2021 長春)I will never forget the people helped me a lot during my hard time.( )A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. whom(2021 鄂州)-Yuan Lo

3、ngping is a hero is known for developing hybrid rice (雜交水稻). TOC o 1-5 h z -Yes.He is a great man.()A. whichB. whomC. whatD. that(2021 岳陽)All of the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian.()that they can sing along withwhich can they sing along withwho they can sing along with(2019岳陽)Ill never forget

4、the story.()A. that cheers me upB. who cheers me upC. what cheers me up(2018自貢)In the program The Singer in 2018, I like Hua Chenyu most.一Yes.He is the singer won the first prize of Happy Boy*s Voice in 2013.()A. whatB. whichA. whatB. whichC. who(2018大慶)Now machines do the workmen once did by hand.(

5、)A. whoseB. whichC. whomD. who(2021 平陽縣模擬)Ben plans to visit this weekend. He cant wait to enjoy thefamous paintings .()a park that has many kinds of flowersher grandfather who lives in a villagea museum that is full of great art worksMr. Green who is going back to the US(2021 重慶模擬)1 don,t know the

6、hero they are talking about, but I do know the cityhe saved a lot of people.()A. who;whereB. which; whereC. who; whichD. that; which(2021 溫州模擬)-Lets book a for father for his birthday.-Thats a good idea. He always wants to learn to cook.()A hotel that has a great sea viewcourse which is about Italia

7、n foodtrip that is slow and comfortablerestaurant which plays nice music(2020* 南崗區(qū)模擬)-Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree waiting in aline? TOC o 1-5 h z -They are the students from No. 1 Middle School.()A. that areB. which isC. who is(2021 ,南崗區(qū)模擬)I think AI (人工智能)in many fields will to

8、 help us solve many problems in the future.()what is used; be usedwhich is used; be usedthat is used; use(2020鄂城區(qū)模擬)Im interested in you have said.()A. all whatB. all whichC. all thatD. that第2頁(共 TOC o 1-5 h z (2020肇源縣一模)The handsome man at the next door is very strange.()A. which standsB. that stan

9、dC. who is standingD. who stand(2020贛榆區(qū)三模)This is the best book I have read.()A. B. whoseC. whichD. who(2020鹿城區(qū)一模)My cousin likes to read magazines He can get some ideas about which places to travel ()that talk about popular cartoonsthat explain science experimentswhich tell stories of famous people

10、which introduce wonders of the world(2020東??h一模)以下各句中含有定語從句的是 .()The police have confirmed that the victim was a computer engineer.They were trying to find out whether the victim was killed at the scene.Were asking anyone who saw anything unusual to contact us.They were checking the scene for more cl

11、ues that will help solve the case.A.B.C.D.2022年中考英語二輪復習之定語從句參考答案與試題解析選擇題(共20小題)(2021 西寧)-I have read books were written by Charles Dickens.-So do I.David Copperfield is my favorite.()A. howB. whoC. whatD. that【考點】定語從句.【分析】我讀過查爾斯狄更斯寫的書。我也是,大衛(wèi)科波菲爾是我的最愛?!窘獯稹靠疾槎ㄕZ從句。首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),本句中的 were written by Charles

12、Dickens.在復合句中作定語從句,由于先行詞books為下文定語從句的邏輯主語,且指 物,所以引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用that。在這句話中,that其實是代替了先行詞books , 在從句中作were written的主語。who指人,在定語從句中作主語。that多指物,有時也 指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。how指怎么樣,how不能引導定語從句。what是不 能引導定語從句的。what只能用來引導名詞性從句,比如主語從句或者賓語從句,而定 語從句屬于形容詞從句。故選:D?!军c評】本題考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。做此題的關(guān)鍵是找準先行詞,是人還是物,在 從句中做什么句子成分,然后根據(jù)語法選擇

13、正確的引導詞。(2021 株洲)The active ladies like music they can dance to.()A. thatB. whereC. who【考點】定語從句.【分析】這些活躍的女士們喜歡可以隨著跳舞的音樂?!窘獯稹糠治鼍涫剑}干設空后是一個定語從句,修飾先行詞music (音樂),music是 物質(zhì)名稱,因此應用關(guān)系代詞that引導,且在從句中作dance t。的賓語,表示他們可以 跟著跳舞的音樂。故選:Ao【點評】解答定語從句考查點的題目時,需根據(jù)語境分析定語從句和其所修飾的先行詞之間的關(guān)系,同時還要判斷定語從句中所缺的成分,再正確作答。(2021 湘西州)-

14、What kind of music do you like?-I like music I can sing along with.()A. thatB. whoC. what【考點】定語從句.【分析】-你喜歡什么類型的音樂?-我喜歡能跟著唱歌的音樂?!窘獯稹扛鶕?jù)題干,可知考查定語從句,先行詞是music,指物,作賓語,關(guān)系代詞用that. 故選:Ao【點評】熟悉定語從句的用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案。(2021 畢節(jié)市)Great changes have taken place here.Everything comes into myeyes is so new to me.A. that

15、B. whichC. whoD. whom【考點】定語從句.【分析】這里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。我所看到的一切對我來說都是如此的新鮮?!窘獯稹扛鶕?jù)題干,可知考查定語從句,先行詞是everything,關(guān)系代詞只能用that。故選:Ao【點評】熟悉定語從句的用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案。(2021 長春)I will never forget the people helped me a lot during my hard time.( )A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. whom【考點】定語從句.【分析】我永遠不會忘記那些在我困難的時候幫助過我的人。【解答】根據(jù)題干,可知考查定語從句,

16、先行詞是people,指人,作主語,所以關(guān)系代 詞用who.故選:Bo【點評】熟悉定語從句的用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案。(2021 鄂州)-Yuan Longping is a hero is known for developing hybrid rice (雜交水稻).-Yes.He is a great man.(A. whichB. whomC. whatA. whichB. whomC. whatD. that【考點】定語從句.【分析】-袁隆平是一個以培育雜交水稻而聞名的英雄。-是的。他是個偉大的人?!窘獯稹扛鶕?jù)題干可知考查定語從句,先行詞hero指人,且在從句中作主語,所以關(guān)系 代詞

17、用who/thato故選:Do【點評】熟悉定語從句的用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案。(2021 岳陽)All of the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian.()that they can sing along withwhich can they sing along withwho they can sing along with【考點】定語從句.【分析】所有的同學都喜歡他們能跟著唱的歌曲少年。【解答】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),橫線處是定語從句,先行詞the song Shao Nian指物,用that/which 引導,定語從句中用陳述語序。故選:Ao【點評】分析句

18、子結(jié)構(gòu),判斷先行詞,選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞和語序進行作答。(2019岳陽)Ill never forget the story.()A. that cheers me upB. who cheers me upC what cheers me up【考點】定語從句.【分析】我將永遠不會忘記那個使我興奮的故事.【解答】本題考查的是定語從句的相關(guān)知識.ihestory (指物)是先行詞,在所給的答案 中,可排除B和C,因為who引導定語從句只能指代人,what不能引導定語從句.that 引導定語從句時既可指人也可指物.故選:A.【點評】解答定語從句相關(guān)問題時,要弄清先行詞是指人的還是指物的.(2018

19、自貢)In the program The Singer in 2018, I like Hua Chenyu most.Yes.He is the singer won the first prize of Happy Boys Voice in 2013.()第6頁(共A. whatB. whichA. whatB. whichC. who【考點】定語從句.【分析】一在節(jié)目2018歌手中,我最喜歡華晨宇。一是的,他是贏得2013快樂男孩 聲音一等獎的歌手。【解答】句意:一在節(jié)目2018歌手中,我最喜歡華晨宇。一是的,他是贏得2013 快樂男孩聲音一等獎的歌手。what不引導定語從句;whi

20、ch哪一個,先行詞一般為物; 定語從句的先行詞是the singer,是人,所以用who引導定語從句。要用Who.故選:C=【點評】結(jié)合定語從句的先行詞,確定是人還是物,即可選出正確答案。(2018大慶)Now machines do the work men once did by hand.()A. whoseB. whichC. whomD. who【考點】定語從句.【分析】現(xiàn)在機器做人類過去用手工做的工作.【解答】根據(jù)句意:現(xiàn)在機器做人類過去用手工做的工作.可知,考查定語從句的關(guān)系 代詞,先行詞是work,指物,所以關(guān)系代詞用that/which. 結(jié)合選項,A.誰的B.哪 個C.誰,

21、賓格D.誰,主格.故選:Bo【點評】熟悉定語從句的基本用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案.(2021 平陽縣模擬)Ben plans to visit this weekend. He cant wait to enjoy thefamous paintings .()a park that has many kinds of flowersher grandfather who lives in a villagea museum that is full of great art worksMr. Green who is going back to the US【考點】定語從句.【分析】Ben計劃

22、這個周末去參觀一個充滿偉大藝術(shù)作品的博物館。他迫不及待地想要 欣賞這些名畫?!窘獯稹扛鶕?jù)下句He cant wait to enjoy the famous paintings可知,Ben應該去參觀跟畫 有關(guān)的話題,結(jié)合選項可知,只有C項中提到art works,意為”藝術(shù)作品“,所以正確選 擇為C。故選:Co【點評】考查定語從句,做題時結(jié)合選項選出跟所給信息相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞,進行作答,最 后選出正確答案。(2021 重慶模擬)I dont know the hero they are talking about, but I do know the cityhe saved a lot of p

23、eople.()A. who; whereB. which; whereC. who; whichD. that; which【考點】定語從句.【分析】我不知道他們討論的是哪個英雄,但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市。【解答】結(jié)合語境,第一句,要表達的是“我不知道他們討論的是哪個英雄”,先行詞是 hero,英雄,所以關(guān)系詞用who.第二句,要表達的是“但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市。 ”,先行詞是city,結(jié)合語境,可知要用關(guān)系副詞where.故選:Ao【點評】結(jié)合題干,確定好先行詞,然后確定相關(guān)的關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞, 即可選出正確答案。(2021 溫州模擬)-Lets book a f

24、or father for his birthday.-Thats a good idea. He always wants to learn to cook.()hotel that has a great sea viewcourse which is about Italian foodtrip that is slow and comfortablerestaurant which plays nice music【考點】定語從句.【分析】-咱們?yōu)榘职值纳疹A定一門關(guān)于意大利菜的課程吧。-那真是個好主意。他一直想學習烹飪?!窘獯稹縣otel that has a great sea v

25、iew 可以看海景的酒店;course which is about Italian food 關(guān)于意大利菜的課程;trip that is slow and comfortable緩慢而舒適的旅行;restaurant which plays nice music播放好聽音樂的餐廳。答語對前者的提議表示贊同,并且說爸爸一直想 學習烹飪,可知前面的提議跟烹飪有關(guān),所以B項符合題意。故選:B =【點評】選項的從句都是陳述句,所以分析選項中句子的句意,結(jié)合語境選出正確答案。第8頁(共(2020南崗區(qū)模擬)-Frank, look! Who are the children under the tr

26、ee waiting in aline?-They are the students from No. 1 Middle School.()A. that areB. which isC. who is【考點】定語從句.【分析】-弗蘭克,瞧!正在樹下排隊等候的孩子們是誰?-他們是來自第一中學的學生們?!窘獯稹扛鶕?jù)題干可知考查定語從句,先行詞the children在從句中做主語,并且是復數(shù), 因此排除B和C.故選:A.【點評】熟悉定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法是解題的關(guān)鍵,定語從句重點考查關(guān)系詞的選擇, 以及當先行詞在從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞單復數(shù)的問題,因此要把握好這兩點, 結(jié)合題意,給出答案。(

27、2021 南崗區(qū)模擬)I think AI (人工智能)in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future.()what is used; be usedwhich is used; be usedthat is used; use【考點】一般將來時的被動語態(tài):定語從句.【分析】我認為人工智能在許多領域中的使用,將被用于幫助我們解決未來的許多問題。【解答】AI是指物,在定語從句中要用關(guān)系代詞which, that引導,分析選項只有B,第 二個空A1將被用于,被動語態(tài)be+動詞的過去式。故選:B,【點評】掌握定語從句和

28、一般將來時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的使用規(guī)則,分析句意得出答案。(2020鄂城區(qū)模擬)Im interested in you have said.()A. all whatB. all whichC. all thatD. that【考點】關(guān)系代詞;定語從句.【分析】我對你說的所有都很感興趣.【解答】該句是定語從句,先行詞是all,表示物,且定語從句中you have said缺賓語, 則應用關(guān)系代詞that或者which.但all是不定代詞,只能用that.第9頁(共故選:c.【點評】本題要求學生掌握定語從句的用法,再根據(jù)先行詞及定語從句即可作出選擇.(2020肇源縣一模)The handsome ma

29、n at the next door is very strange.()A. which standsB. that standC. who is standingD. who stand【考點】現(xiàn)在進行時;定語從句.【分析】那個正站在隔壁的漂亮男子非常奇怪.【解答】題干包括一個定語從句,先行詞是man. which引導定語從句時只能指物,因 此可排除A.選項B和D中的that和who都可指人,但動詞stand不能用原形動詞, 因此本題正確答案是C (who is standing現(xiàn)行進行時).故選:C.【點評】解答本題要首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),找到考點,再結(jié)合所給選項作答.(2020贛榆區(qū)三模)

30、This is the best book I have read.()A. B. whoseC. whichD. who【考點】定語從句.【分析】這是我讀過的最好的一本書.【解答】whose某人的或某物的,在定語從句中做定語;which代替物,在定語從句中做 主語或賓語;who代替人,在定語從句中做主語或賓語.定語從句先行詞是Ihe best book, 前面有形容詞最高級,關(guān)系代詞用that, that在從句中是動詞read的賓語,可省略.故選:Ao【點評】熟悉定語從句的用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案.(2020鹿城區(qū)模)My cousin likes to read magazines . H

31、e can get some ideas about which places to travel.()that talk about popular cartoonsthat explain science experimentswhich tell stories of famous peoplewhich introduce wonders of the world【考點】定語從句.【分析】我表弟喜歡看介紹世界奇觀的雜志.第10頁(共【解答】先行詞magazines,指代物,關(guān)系代詞可用that或which,在定語從句中充當主 語,指代magazines,結(jié)合句意:我表弟喜歡看介紹世界奇

32、觀的雜志.根據(jù)后面Hecanget some ideas about which places to travel.可知:他會獲得一些去哪里旅行的建議.故選:D.【點評】本題考查定語從句的用法,在所給的選項與句子的語境相結(jié)合,從而判斷出正 確答案.(2020東海縣一模)以下各句中含有定語從句的是.()The police have confirmed that the victim was a computer engineer.They were trying to find out whether the victim was killed at the scene.Were asking

33、 anyone who saw anything unusual to contact us.They were checking the scene for more clues that will help solve the case.A.B.C.D.【考點】定語從句.【分析】1.警察證實受害者是一名電腦工程師.他們盡力去弄清楚受害者是否在現(xiàn)場被殺.我們讓任何看見不尋常的事情的人聯(lián)系我們.他們正在檢查現(xiàn)場去尋找更多能幫助我們破案的證據(jù).【解答】考查定語從句.定語從句在句中作定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞;被修飾的名詞, 詞組或代詞即先行詞;定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞引出,即:先行詞

34、+ 關(guān)系詞+定語從句.分析四個句子中,句中that是連接詞,后面的句子the victim was a computer engineer作confirm的賓語,且是陳述語序,故該復合句是賓語從句;句中 whether是連接詞,后面句子the victim was killed at the scene作find out的賓語,且是陳 述語序,故該復合句是賓語從句;句中anyone作不定代詞是先行詞,who是關(guān)系詞, 也是后面句子的主語,后半句who saw anything unusual to contact us作定語,修飾前面 的anyone,故該復合句是定語從句;句中more clu

35、es作名詞是先行詞,that是關(guān)系詞, 也是后面句子的主語,后半句that will help solve the case作定語,修飾前面的more clues, 故該復合句是定語從句;綜合分析,是賓語從句,是定語從句.故選:C.【點評】賓語從句和定語從句是中高考的考點.其區(qū)別很簡單,主要在于判斷出從句在 主從復合句中擔當什么成分.充當什么成分就是什么從句,另外賓語從句前是連接詞, 第11頁(共連接詞前是及物動詞,介詞,或復合短語;而定語從句前是關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞前是先行詞(名詞或代詞).它們的區(qū)別是很明顯的,只要學會一種,區(qū)分另一種就很容易考點卡片.關(guān)系代詞【概念】關(guān)系代詞:定語從句修飾復合句

36、中的名詞或代詞,通常把這個被修飾詞叫做先行詞,把引導定語從句且在從句中作主語、賓語或定語的引導詞叫做關(guān)系代詞.【結(jié)構(gòu)及分類】關(guān)系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格(所有格)之分,并有指人與指物之分. that的用法最廣,that可指人也可指物.見表:限定性指人非限定性指物限定性 指物主格who/thatwhichthat賓格whom/thatwhichthat屬格whoseof which/whoseof which/whose【用法】關(guān)系代詞whowho表示的(人),在定語從句中作主語,不能省略,所引導的定語從句一般修飾指 人的名詞或代詞,在口語或非正式語言中,可作定語從句中的賓語,相當于whom,可省

37、略. 例:I know the lady is singing over there. She is our Chinese teacher.()A. which B. who C. whomD. whose分析:我認識正在那邊唱歌的女士,她是我們的漢語老師.解答:B.分析句子得知,句子的主干是I know the lady,后文is singing over there是一個定語從句, 來修飾先行詞the lady,在定語從句中作主語,由于先行詞the lady,表示人,故可以用關(guān)系 詞that或who,結(jié)合選項,故選B.點評:解答此類試題時,要充分理解上下文的語境,結(jié)合所給詞,進行解答.關(guān)

38、系代詞whomwhom表示的(人),在定語從句中作賓語,所引導的定語從句修飾指人的名詞或代 詞,常省略.例:Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.-He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proud.()A. thatB. whose C. whoD. whom分析:-請告訴我有關(guān)楊利偉的有關(guān)事情?-他是一個偉大的全中國人都引以為豪的宇航員.解答:D.that意思是那個,引導定語從句的時候,在從句中作主語或賓語;whose意思是誰的, 引導定語從句的時候,在從句中作定語;who意思是“誰”,引導

39、定語從句的時候,在從句中 作主語;whom意思是誰,在定語從句中作賓語.根據(jù)空格前面是介詞of,因此可知在定 語從句中含有一個固定結(jié)構(gòu)be proud of,這時候需要一個可以作of賓語的詞,這時把of提 前,先行詞是astronaut,是表示人的名詞,所以還是要用whom來引導定語從句,綜上所述, 故選D.點評:首先要掌握定語從句的用法,然后結(jié)合具體的題目,就可以確定正確答案.關(guān)系代詞thatthat表示的(事物),所引導的定語從句修飾指事物或人的名詞或代詞,通常在定語 從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時,常可省略.例:I hate the dogs live in the next house.

40、 They make loud noises all night.()A. who B. that C. what D. whom分析:我討厭住在隔壁的狗,他們整晚發(fā)出噪音.解答:B.who意思是“誰指人,在定語從句中作主語;that意思是“那個,指人或指物,在定語從句 中作主語或賓語;what意思是什么,不能引導定語從句;whom意思是誰指人,在定語 從句中作賓語,根據(jù)先行詞是the dogs,后面的定語從句缺少一個可以作主語的詞,綜上所 述,故選B.點評:首先要掌握這幾個引導定語從句的詞語的意思以及用法,然后結(jié)合具體的題目,就可 以確定正確答案.例:Ode to Joy (歡樂頌)is a

41、 TV play many people like.()A. why B. that C. who分析:歡樂頌是一部許多人喜歡的電視劇.解答:B.who意思是誰引導定語從句的時候,在從句中作主語,先行詞通常是人;that意思是那個 ,引導定語從句的時候,在從句中作主語或賓語,所修飾的先行詞通常是物;關(guān)系副詞why 引導限定性定語從句修飾先行詞reason,在定語從句中充當原因狀語.根據(jù)a TV play一部 電視劇,這是一個表示物的先行詞,所以要用that來引導定語從句,綜上所述,故選B. 點評:首先要掌握定語從句的用法,然后結(jié)合具體的題目,就可以確定正確答案.關(guān)系代詞whichwhich表示

42、的(事物),所引導的定語從句修飾指事物的名詞或代詞,其中which通 常在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時,常可省略.例: My hometown is the placeholds all my sweet memories.()A. who B. whichC. what分析:家鄉(xiāng)就是那個承載了我所有美好回憶的地方.解答:B.首先根據(jù)語境推測句意是家鄉(xiāng)就是那個承載了我所有美好回憶的地方.,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 本句中的holds all my sweet memories在復合句中作定語從句,由于先行詞place為下文定語從句的邏輯主語,且指物,所以引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用that或者which

43、,故選B. 點評:本題考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞.做此題的關(guān)鍵是找準先行詞,是人還是物,在從句中 做什么句子成分,然后根據(jù)語法選擇正確的引導詞.關(guān)系代詞whosewhose表示那個(那些)人的、它(它們)的“時,所引導的定語從句修飾指人或事物的名 詞,其中whose在從句中作定語,修飾名詞.例:-Who won the first prize in English speech contest?-The prize went to the girl speech was the most natural and fluent.()A. that B. whoC. whose D.不填分析:-在英語

44、演講比賽中誰獲得第一名?一等獎屬于那個演講最自然最流利的女孩.解答:C.首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),本句中的speech was the most natural and fluent在復合句中作定 語從句,由于先行詞是the girl指人,且在定語從句中作定語,所以用關(guān)系代詞whose引導 第15頁(共定語從句,指誰的,表所屬關(guān)系.故選C.點評:本題考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞.首先要掌握幾個關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句的用法,然后 結(jié)合具體的語句中的先行詞,以及在定語從句作的成分,就可以做出正確選擇.【易混淆點】(1) that和which都指事物時,一般可以通用.但在下列情況下多用that,不用which:先行

45、詞為 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, little, few, nonet the one 等時.例:Say all (that) you know.把你知道的全部講出來.Is there anything (that) I can do for you now? 現(xiàn)在我能為你做點兒什么嗎?I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 我指的是昨天買的那個.先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞(含last)修飾時.如:This is the first film (that) I have se

46、en since I came here.這是我到這里以來看的第一部電影.The last place (that) they visited was the Summer Palace.他們最后參觀的地方是頤和園.先行詞被形容詞的最高級或the very the only等修飾時.如:This is the biggest apple (that) I have ever eaten.這是我吃到的蘋果中最大的一個.She is the very thief (that) the police are looking for.她就是警方正在尋找的那個小偷.Mary is the only fr

47、iend (that) I have in Australia. 瑪麗是我在澳大利亞唯一的朋友.先行詞中既有人又有物時.如:We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我們訪問過的老師 和學校給我們留下了深刻的印象.先行詞在主句中作表語,或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時.如:This is a dictionary that will help you a lot.這是一本對你很有幫助的字典.Dont cheat me. Im no longer the little boy that I was

48、 ten years ago. 別騙我了,我再也不是 十年前的那個小男孩了.(2)在下列情況下用which,而不用that:關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時.如:This is the house in which I lived ten years ago.這就是我十年前住過的房子.先行詞本身是that時.如:What was that which he said? 3 他說了些什么?第16頁(共在以who, which開頭的句子中多用that.【解題方法點撥】結(jié)合具體的語句中的先行詞,以及在定語從句作的成分確定使用哪個關(guān)系代詞.如果缺少 主語、賓語、表語、定語用關(guān)系代詞,如果缺少狀語則用關(guān)系副詞.先行詞

49、本身是that時,避免重復用which,而不用that.【中考命題方向】中考英語試題??疾殛P(guān)系代詞的用法,即關(guān)系代詞who、whom、that、whosewhich的用 法及其它們之間的區(qū)別是考查的重點.2.現(xiàn)在進行時【概念】(1)現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時表示正在進行或正在發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);也表示當前一段時間內(nèi)一直從事的動 作.(2)概念點撥現(xiàn)在:動作發(fā)生的時間是“現(xiàn)在進行性:動作目前的狀態(tài)是正在進行中持續(xù)性:當前一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)進行的動作.【結(jié)構(gòu)】(1)現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成:主語+be+動詞ing (現(xiàn)在分詞)形式.第一人稱+am+doing+sth, I am doing my homework.第

50、二人稱+are+doing +sth, We are waiting for you.第三人稱+is+doing+sth, Mr. Green is writing another novel.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則:直接+ ing.去e+ing.重讀閉音節(jié),且末尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫輔音字母+ing.特殊變化:die - dying, lie - lying, tie - tying.不規(guī)則變化.【用法】(1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事.第17頁(共例:Look! The student in front you with her friends happily.()A. is ta

51、lking B. are talkingC. is talkD. are talk分析:看,你前面的學生正跟她的朋友開心地聊天.解答:A,由Look!一詞可知此處應該使用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài),又主語為The student為單數(shù), 因此be動詞用is.故選A.點評:熟練掌握現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)與主語單復數(shù)是答題要領.(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事.例:Joan can*t join us. She fbr the lesson she will have next week.A. preparesB. will prepareC. is preparing D. prepared分析:瓊不能加入我們

52、,她正在準備下周要上的課.解答:C.現(xiàn)在進行時表示此時此刻正在進行的動作,其構(gòu)成是:am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞.根據(jù)Joan cant join us.”瓊不能加入我們,結(jié)合給出的四個選項,因此可知這句話的意思是“瓊不能加入我 們,她正在準備下周要上的課.“故選C.點評:首先要掌握這個句子的意思,然后結(jié)合具體的題目,就可以確定正確答案.(3)表示某個按最近的計劃或安排將要進行的動作,或即將開始/結(jié)束的動作.常用的這類 的詞有:go, leave, come, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, do, dine, give

53、, have, pay, join, punish, spend, sleep, take, change, fly, work, wear, see, lunch* play 等.例:-Jack, Im worried. You dont know the way.-Dont worry, mum. Mr. Green me at the airport.()A. met B. was meetingC. is meetingD. has met分析:-杰克,我很擔心,你不知道路.-別擔心,媽媽.格林先生在機場接我.解答:C.根據(jù)Mr.Green me at the airport.可知一些

54、“位移動詞”的現(xiàn)在進行時可以表將來的動作.常見的有l(wèi)eave, go, come等,這里句子說的是現(xiàn)在的情況,應該用現(xiàn)在進行時,現(xiàn) 在進行時的構(gòu)成be+Ving.選項B是過去進行時.故選C.點評:首先要掌握這個句子的意思,然后結(jié)合具體的題目,就可以確定正確答案.(4)動作動詞的進行時與always, forever, continually, constantly等連用,表示重復的動 第18頁(共作,這種動作可能使人感到不滿、厭倦或覺得不合情理,有時表示贊賞、滿意.例:Tom is always coming late for class.湯姆上課總是遲到.Hes constantly cha

55、nging his mind.他老是改變主意.The man is always boasting.那人老愛吹牛.The students are making progress constantly.學生們在不斷進步.【易混淆點】現(xiàn)在進行時與一般現(xiàn)在時:(1)這兩個時態(tài)都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān),現(xiàn)在進行時指現(xiàn)在此刻或現(xiàn)在這一時期內(nèi)正在進行的動作, 強調(diào)暫時性、不穩(wěn)定性.而一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),強調(diào) 長期性、穩(wěn)定性.She is going to school now.(現(xiàn)在此刻正在發(fā)生的動作)She usually goes to school at seven ocloc

56、k.(經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作)(2)現(xiàn)在進行時最容易出現(xiàn)錯誤的地方在動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,我們在復習的時候要特別 注意不規(guī)則動詞的變化形式.【解題方法點撥】根據(jù)時間狀語確定時態(tài),如:now, at the moment.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞判斷時態(tài),如:look, listen.根據(jù)語境判斷句子時態(tài).【中考命題方向】對于現(xiàn)在進行時的考查,多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、語法填空或詞語運用的形式考查學生在具體 語境中靈活運用時態(tài)的能力.在考試中,現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成是易錯的地方,也是考試的重點部 分.在平時訓練中應該應注重現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的細節(jié)問題.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)【概念】(1)一般將來時的被動語態(tài):表示將要發(fā)生的被動動作.(2

57、)被動語態(tài):被動語態(tài):(passive voice)是動詞的一種形式,用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系.英語的語態(tài)共有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài).主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示第19頁(共主語是動作的承受者.被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式,一般來說,只有需要動作對象的及 物動詞才有被動語態(tài).漢語往往用“被”、受、給等被動詞來表示被動意義.被動語態(tài)由 助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成.(3)及物動詞:在英語中按動詞后可否直接跟賓語,可以把動詞分成兩種:及物動詞與不及物動詞.字典里 詞后標有vt.的就是及物動詞,字典里詞后標有vi.的就是不及物動詞.不及物動詞后不 能直接跟有動作的對

58、象(即賓語),若要跟賓語,必須先在其后添加上某個介詞,如to, of, at后方可跟上賓語.及物動詞可直接跟賓語.【結(jié)構(gòu)】一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)形式:主語+be going to/will/shall (第一人稱)+be+及物動詞的 過去分詞.例: The problem will be discussed one by one at the meeting.會議上我們將會一個一個的討論這些問題.主語+be going to/will/shall (第一人稱)+be+ (by+賓語),其中by意為被;由,表 動作的執(zhí)行者.例: The results of the survey will b

59、e published in the newspapers.調(diào)查的結(jié)果將會在報紙上被公布.其肯定式、否定式、疑問式的變化規(guī)則.如:The results of the survey will be published in the newspapers.(肯定式)The results of the survey will not be published in the newspapers.(否定式)Will the results of the survey be published in the newspapers ?(疑問式)Yes, they will. /No, they won

60、t.【用法】一般將來時態(tài),在沒有指明動作的執(zhí)行者或者不知道動作執(zhí)行者的情況下,可用被動 語態(tài).例: A new school will be built here next year.明年一所新學校將會在這里建成.一般將來時,要強調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時,用被動語態(tài).例:We will invite Mr. Black to our fashion show.(改為被動語態(tài))Mr. Black will be invited to our fashion show.第20頁(共分析:布萊克先生將被邀請去我們的時裝展.解答:be invited.主語Mr. Black是動詞invite的承受

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