冪學(xué)2016年第一次公益?？加⒄Z試卷

1、年入管理類專學(xué)位聯(lián)英語二試考生須年入管理類專學(xué)位聯(lián)英語二試考生須：冪學(xué) 2016 年管理類專業(yè)學(xué)英語二試聯(lián)SectionUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedbl D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 poandmarkA,B,CThe land of the long crusty baguette 1 more pplying freshly tionofPlantBakers. 冪學(xué) 2016 年管理類專業(yè)學(xué)英語二試聯(lián)SectionUseofReadthefollowingtext.Cho

2、osethebestword(s)foreachnumberedbl D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 poandmarkA,B,CThe land of the long crusty baguette 1 more pplying freshly tionofPlantBakers. nanyothercountryinEurope,saysernationalsales of pre-cut bread, 2 in cellophane and twist-tied with plastic fasteners, are booming. The market in

3、packaged bread in France is now 3 over 500m ($560m) a year, Xerfi, a consultancy. In mid-June the country s biggest industrial bakery opened Chateauroux, surface area 4 to six itches. Owned by Barilla, an food group, the bakery will churn out 160m packets of 5 bread a year, almost exclusively for th

4、e French market. Last year sales of Harrys, its leading sliced-bread , reached125,000 tonnes, up by 25% on 2007. Jacquet, a French baker, offers 18 differentvarieties of pre-packaged .Why are the French suddenly so on sliced bread?Partly because of its long-lasting 9 ime of squeezed lifestyles. Noth

5、ing beats freshly baked baguette, but it is best eaten 10 hours of leaving the oven. France has high share of he workforce, and harried workers no longer have time to pick one daily, as tradition 11 . In big chtime habits are also changing: traditional course meals are 12 way to le snacking, lly amo

6、ng the young. A poll 26% of the French now take 15 minutes or less to unch. So sandwiches are 13 Over 2 billion were sold in France in 2014, and just over a third are now 14 sliced bread, not baguettes.The other answer is smart marketing. Sliced bread rusts a new fad, heavily 15 to children . Equall

7、y surprising is the ofHarrys, which sells sliced bread branded as “American sandwich ”. Of “American inspiration”, the brand 17 “ modernity and liberty”, says Graldine Fiacre, a marketing director at Barilla. The Harrys brand was 18 after the second world war by a French baker who was 19 by the flat

8、 sandwiches eaten by American soldiers at a NATOair base in Chateauroux. Charles de Gaulle later ordered the Ame33rican troops out, newmega-bakeryis theroadfromtheoldbase.AABBCCDD1 （11 頁AAAAAABBBBBBCDDDDDDAAAAAABBBBBBCDDDDDDDDDDDDDCCCCCCCCCCCCCC9.Aconvenience B10.A11.AAABBBBBBBBBBBAAAADDDD19. 20.ACR

9、eading PartA Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 poAMERICAS workers have seen better days. Over the past decade private-sector have grown at age yearly rate of just 0.3% after accounting for inflationa fraction their

10、 typical pace of growth. One response, embraced by Barack Obama k, is to firms to grant 5m more workers “overtime pay”1.5 times their normal wagefor period they work in s of 40 hours k. Hillary on, the probable candidate , called it “a win for our economy and workers”. The evidencebehind thepolicy,t

11、hough,doesnotjustifyher The Fair Labour Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 fixes a threshold salary above workers are not entitled to overtime. the argument goes, are harder to ention isto strip outmanagersandsupervisors o working unreasonable hours and are compensated for their trouble anyway. But the ex

12、emption has not kept pace with inflation. It is now $23,660 a year, below the poverty line for a family of four ($24,250). The proportion offull-time salaried workers eligible for overtime pay has fallen from 62% in 1975 to 8% 2 （11 頁Mr Obama plans to increase the threshold to $50,440 a year by exec

13、utive order, and to tie it the40thpercentileofearnings,titgradually risesalongwith If businesses reacted passively to the new policy and followed it to the letter, it would make middle-class workers roughly $10 billion richer. Things will Mr Obama plans to increase the threshold to $50,440 a year by

14、 executive order, and to tie it the40thpercentileofearnings,titgradually risesalongwith If businesses reacted passively to the new policy and followed it to the letter, it would make middle-class workers roughly $10 billion richer. Things will not work out so simply, Accidentally or y, employers oft

15、en fail to pay overtime. The Economic Institute, a left-leaning , t after accounting for other types of theft”low-wage workers miss out on $50 billion each year. The Department of Labour cooked up a down-on-his-luck cartoon character, Jason, to increase awareness of the rules. wantspeoplelitwhat “ge

16、ttingpaidovertime wouldmeanto Even if the new policy can be enforced, opponents say it risks altering hiring policies. ses know how many hours k end to employ someone they may reduce the base wage they pay new recruits t the total amount they end forkingoutisjustthesame.Cuttingthenominalsalariesofal

17、ready-employedworkersistough, so some companies may simply stop them from working overtime to avoid the extra Suchfirmsmaywellstockuponnewemployeesto filltheresultinggaps.Butiftheonlyof Mr Obamas plan is to ots more id jobs, he will presumably consider it WhatsHillaryonsattitudetowardtheShethoughtit

18、B SheysupportedC ShewasembarrassedbyD Shetitwould22.TheFLSAfixesathresholdtA workersdonotgetovertimepayiftheirsalariesarebelowtheB iminatesmanagerswhocoerceoworkingunreasonablesbelowpovertylinewillbeworkersdonotgetovertimepayiftheirsalariesareabovethe23.Whatstheclosestmeaningoftotheletterinparagraph

19、AThenewpolicyissentbyernmenttobusinessesthroughAcartooncharacternamedJasonwillbeedonaBusinessescarryoutthepolicywordbyDBusinesseswillwritealetterto24.ThecartooncharacterJasonroducedA letlstoriestomakeworkersmoreconsciousaboutthepromotetheluckinessofmakeupforthe$50billionlosseach3 （11 頁Whatsthepotent

20、ialrisksifthenewpolicyisMr.ObamawillconsideritaEmployerswilllowerthewageofnewItpreventshiringpoliciesfromSomecompanieswouldpreventworkersfromFitbit makes wearable t help people track their daily activities,WhatsthepotentialrisksifthenewpolicyisMr.ObamawillconsideritaEmployerswilllowerthewageofnewItp

21、reventshiringpoliciesfromSomecompanieswouldpreventworkersfromFitbit makes wearable t help people track their daily activities, such as and sleep. Of late, however, Fitbit has been the one submitting itself to close Prospective investors have been er the companys l information before companys launch

22、on the New York Stock Exchange on June 18th. Its expected valuation n$4 billionwould make itone ofthis yearslargestinitialpublic Fitbits high valuation reflects the excitement over the potential of wearables. With simple plastic bracelets the eight-year-old firm helped popularise the craze exercise

23、and other habits, by making it easy for users to track and upload their information an online dashboard. In quarter of 2015 Fitbit sold around a third of the wearableshipped worldwide (excluding Apple Watches, forwhich salesfiguresare Unlike many fast-growing technology firms, Fitbit is profitable.

24、But s an uphill ahead. It growing competition from a wide array of competitors, including firms like Garmin and Jawbone, and deep-pocketed ones like Apple and Samsung. The group have made expensive smart t replicate all the functions of Fitbit do ore, such as messaging. Other firms, like Xiaomi of C

25、hina, ent on lower. Today over 40% of wearable cost n $100, below the FitbitsAbiggerdangertwearablesarefortheirmainstreamappealtobered. Arnold of NPD Group, which studies the industry, says it is not yet clear whether most fans want to wear a monitor on their wrists n on their feet or in their cloth

26、esat all. Nokia was early to the mobile-phone market and riod of before its products were overtaken by e smartphones made by rivals. Fitbit could be remembered as an early pioneer of t lost out to rivals with versatile odays bubbly market for tech shares, sceptics often ask if firms with profits and

27、 scant revenues can really be worth so much. In Fitbits case, the vital signs are healthier, but the risks remain.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoFitbitmakesB FitbitkeepssecrettrackingofpeoplesdailyC sbeenheNewYork4 （11 頁DFitbitwouldbeoneofthelargestannual27.Themaintpeopleareobsessedwithelectron

28、icbraceletstpeopleareexcitedaboutFitbitsbraceletstakeuproughlyathirdofmarketsharesC alinformationcanbeeasilyrecordedDFitbitwouldbeoneofthelargestannual27.ThemaintpeopleareobsessedwithelectronicbraceletstpeopleareexcitedaboutFitbitsbraceletstakeuproughlyathirdofmarketsharesC alinformationcanbeeasilyr

29、ecordedandDThebraceletsissimpleand28. firmXiaomiismentionedinorderA indicatethepricereforB indicatethefancinessofFitbitsroduceChinashewearableD simplynameoneofFitbitswidearrayofAccordingtoBenArnold,fitnesspreferwearingmonitorsontheirmayevendislikewearingdonotseemtolikeproductsbypreferwearingmonitors

30、ontheirfeetor30. WhatstheauthorsaboutFitbitsItwillbesubmergedbythebubblyshareItisprofitableandhealthy,soitislikelytoItwillfalldownlikeD cscannotbeHalf of older Americans have no retirement savings, according to a new report by the U.S. ernment Accountability Office. Fifty-two percent of households o

31、f people 55 and havent saved a dime for retirement, though nearly half of those do have an .Among the remaining 48 percent of older households with savings, the median amount $109,000-goodforanannuityofabout$405perThe lack of savings is potentially problematic, notes, because the populous boom gener

32、ation is o retirement with n its sors. In most workers with employer-sponsored retirement plans st provided a defined benefit. As of 2012, such plans had 40 million participants, while 91 million had retirement savings ch as 401(k)s, which are based on workers own andoffer noguarantee ofSen. Bernie

33、Sanders (I-Vt.), who is challenging Hillary Clon for the Democratic ial nomination, had requested the report.This report makes it t there is a retirement crisis in America today, Sanders Tuesday in a ement. ime when half of all older workers have no retirement we need to expand, not cut, l Security

34、benefits t every American can retire 5 （11 頁l Security provides retirees $1,287 per month age. The programs trust fund run out of money in 2034, percent of scheduled benefits. The aged 65-74 get most of theiring payroll taxes report t able to support about t roughly 40 percent of e from l Security.

35、It showsl Security provides retirees $1,287 per month age. The programs trust fund run out of money in 2034, percent of scheduled benefits. The aged 65-74 get most of theiring payroll taxes report t able to support about t roughly 40 percent of e from l Security. It shows an even bleaker for househo

36、lds 75 and older, for whom l Security provides 61 percent of In recent years al leaders have talked about shoring up l Security as part a Grand Bargain in which Republicans and Democrats agree to support benefit cuts and hikes. Sanders emerged as one of the most vocal critics of such a deal, massive

37、 t would increase l Security benefits by taxing the rich. ime e inequality, we have got to t the richest countrypaytheirfairshare,SanderssaidinhisWhat is true about the fifty two percent of households of people mentioned Theycanreceiveanannuityofabout$405perBHalfofthemgotfromtheirHalfofthemsavedsome

38、moneyAllofthemhavenothingtosupporttherestoftheirWhatstheauthorsonItsattractivetoItsroughlythesameastheformeremployersponsoredretirementC ntheformeremployersponsoredretirementntheformeremployersponsoredretirementDIts33.Sen.BernieSanderstA lSecuritybenefitsshouldnotbeBHillaryoniswronginhersecuritypoli

39、cyCTheresaofshamefulnessforworkerswithnoretirementDThereisaloomingcrisisforAmericaThewordbleakerinparagraph5canbereplacedB more35.Wecanlearnfromthelasttheir policy.A taxesshouldnotbeedonB alleadersare6 （11 頁Mr.SandersdisapprovesoftheGrandrichpeopleareresponsibleforthebleaknessoflStocks can go down a

40、s well as up, reads the standard warning on ions to invest. middle-class are now ruefully t s they watch the savings they to buy shares in recent months disappear. Massiveervention on Friday Mr.SandersdisapprovesoftheGrandrichpeopleareresponsibleforthebleaknessoflStocks can go down as well as up, re

41、ads the standard warning on ions to invest. middle-class are now ruefully t s they watch the savings they to buy shares in recent months disappear. Massiveervention on Friday turned round the countrys falling stock markets, but for how long, and at what ultimate price, remain In ordinary households

42、across China, the hard t they have lost money, often a portion of their painfully accumulated cash, is gradually sinking in. A recovery may some of the lost value, but even if it does, many s will now be feeling . This not just a matter of a few stocks failing to pay off, but of a whole turning out

43、to be seriously overvalued. Investing in their own countrys economic ed to be an t combined civic duty al ent. In a equivalent of the western idea of a property-owning democracy, popular participation in stock market would make o owners, a virtuous t would have politicalaswell aseconomic leaders mus

44、t also be pondering another truth, which t when stocks fall in a e fashion, people blame ernment. This is particularly the case ternment, which claims to be seeking out the “manipulators”responsible forthe behaviour of the markets, has itself been systematically manipulating those markets. As values

45、 began to fall, it erest rates to make holding cash less profitable, funds to buy more shares and took other measures to prop up the market. Even then, the authoritieshad often acted as ifa rising stock market rmanentrequirementthe economy, like a triumphant flag flying on top of it, tending to stri

46、p it of sary function of correction. All this has made things worse, inflating the bubble ndeflatingIt is true, as ysts have ed t the overall performance of the volatile will have stock market over time has been good. Big, ally advised ell over the years and can cope with some recent losses. But sma

47、ll othe alatestage,areadifferent The slowdown of the economy, which is the more fundamental cause of the market troubles, and which began years ago, has had aserious global impact. ch Australia, Chile, and Venezuela have suffered as China imports fewer of their raw and the knock-on s touched almost

48、every part of the world. The full measure of damage done to world economic growth is not yet clear, and there is of course a of tech a slowing erms of global warming, resource conservation pollution control, there is an obvious upside. Yet the political problems are also 7 （11 頁ernmentsofcountrieswh

49、oseexportstoChinahavefallenarehavingahardtimeshappenedtotheirdisgruntledItisterventionhasturnedernmentsofcountrieswhoseexportstoChinahavefallenarehavingahardtimeshappenedtotheirdisgruntledItisterventionhasturnedthemarketerventionhasmadethestockmarketeastC ManymiddleclasslostalmostalloftheirD Itsnorm

50、alforstockstogodownor37.Accordingtoparagraph2,whydofeelveryTheyhavealllostalargeportionoftheirpainfullyaccumulatedEvenarecoverycould notrestoreanyoftheirlostQuiteafewofstockshavebeenTheyhavelosttheirpropertiesin38.Accordingtotheauthor,whichisnotthemanipulationsbytheA lowererestB holdcashtomakeC enco

51、uragefundstopurchasemoreD takemeasurestoboomthe39. Bigallyadvisedinvestorsmaybenefittheyonlyhavesomerecenttheyhavetakenadvicefromtheoverallperformanceofthestocksmallinvestorshavelosttheirmoneytosbeen40. consideringthefactsmarkethelastparagraph,whomightbecontentedascountrieswhichexportto theworldecon

52、omyasaBRead the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list AG for each numbered paragraph (4145). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (10 po s)GoonIndulgeinSomethingGiveto8 （11 頁Staymo

53、rewithfamilyandPayforPickuptheCheckNowandDosomeWill the emotional value of a $300 blouse by a Parisian designer really outweigh satisfaction of a similar one plucked from the clearance StaymorewithfamilyandPayforPickuptheCheckNowandDosomeWill the emotional value of a $300 blouse by a Parisian design

54、er really outweigh satisfaction of a similar one plucked from the clearance rack? Does oing makeyou frugal ordoes itmean youdont thinkyou deservewhatyou Thereisgrowing tdenial ofpleasures(when you have thebudget forthem) sarilygoodforInfact,itlookslikehappiness canbe bought.Onecaveat:Asyou ed,allspl

55、urgesarealike.So,whatkindsofpurchasesofferthe 41. Purchasing , or “money spent ng,” gives us heightened feelings pleasure compared to buying things, or “money spent on having,”say study authors Cornell University, who worked on four different studies. Even “waiting for an tends to be more n buying m

56、aterial goods, added the researchers. It t the elation you feel from acquiring items is fleeting, while the memories made from exotic or trip42. Ill admit: I suffered a bit of sticker shock when signed up for the New York Marathon. Was the privilege to run really worth ing out over $250? But, based

57、on from the ernment fying and valuing the money we spend on t ourwell-being,IprobablypaidtooUsing “self-reported life satisfaction” data provided by their subjects, t not only was sport participation ted with higher levels of happiness, erson, per year, to spend on boost in pleasure was valued at ro

58、ughly about $1,825 p related activities.43. Ifyourepausing before clicking the buy button for those pricey tickets for center seats,thinkagain.Studiestlistening to music (eitherliveorpurchased recordings)viewing paings are linked to boosting our emotional health by inducing us to produce more feel-g

59、ood chemicals like dopamine.According to University of Toronto researchers: “Viewing ings engages not systems involved in visual ion and object recognition, but also structures emotionsernalized44. Feeling a little down? Donate to those less fortunate by writing a check to your causes, shows study after study. Your contribution will help those in need t 9 （11 頁t youre likely to feel happier if you give feels good. Study authors also donation directly to someone connected to your charity, n giving anonymousl