拯救我們的家園環(huán)境工程課件

1、拯救我們的家園環(huán)境工程環(huán)境工程大氣污染控制4水體污染控制1固體廢物處置2噪聲污染控制3水體污染控制水體污染的控制措施，除加強(qiáng)污染源的管理，以降低廢水量和污染量外，政府應(yīng)制定和頒布法規(guī)以控制廢水的排放，如中國(guó)政府制定和頒布了中華人民共和國(guó)水污染防治法、工業(yè)“三廢”排放試行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等法規(guī)。城鎮(zhèn)應(yīng)建設(shè)完善的排水管系和廢水處理廠，并制定和實(shí)施管理制度。工業(yè)布局和工藝要考慮環(huán)境要求。生產(chǎn)廢水必須處理后出廠（見(jiàn)工業(yè)廢水治理），廢水再用，特別是建立廢水灌溉系統(tǒng)，是防止廢水污染水體的有效途徑。水體污染控制水體污染物主要有：病原體，如病菌、病毒和寄生蟲(chóng)卵等；來(lái)源于動(dòng)植物的有機(jī)物，如動(dòng)植物排泄物、動(dòng)植物殘?bào)w、機(jī)體的組

2、分等，它們?cè)谒w中的細(xì)菌作用下消耗溶解氧；植物養(yǎng)料，主要有氮、磷化合物，將使潺湲的水體出現(xiàn)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化；有毒有害的化學(xué)品，如含氯農(nóng)藥（DDT、六六六等）、表面活性劑、重金屬鹽類(lèi)、放射性物質(zhì)等；其他，如油脂、酸、堿、溫水，懸浮物等（見(jiàn)廢水水質(zhì)）。固體廢物處置噪聲污染控制干擾人們休息、學(xué)習(xí)、生活和工作，甚至影響健康的聲音，統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為噪聲。噪聲由許多純音組成。純音(單頻率的聲音)的聲壓(p)可用與基準(zhǔn)聲壓(p0接近一般人的聽(tīng)閾，通常采用p0210-5帕)相比的聲壓級(jí)（Lp）表示，單位為分貝（dB），它的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式為L(zhǎng)p201g(p/p0)。噪聲強(qiáng)弱的測(cè)定較復(fù)雜，不但要結(jié)合各純音的頻率，還要結(jié)合人的主觀感受。

3、有多種方法量度，一般采用聲級(jí)，單位也用分貝。聲級(jí)可用聲級(jí)計(jì)直接測(cè)得。聲級(jí)增加40分貝，聲壓約增百倍，干擾大大增加。一般認(rèn)為低于85分貝時(shí)不致影響聽(tīng)力。噴氣飛機(jī)起飛時(shí)的噪聲達(dá)150分貝，使耳鼓發(fā)痛。160分貝的噪聲使人致聾。噪聲還影響人的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和心血管系統(tǒng)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)衰弱和心血管病。噪聲還影響講話和電話的使用。可使人致聾的噪聲還影響某些儀表的使用。 還行空氣質(zhì)量一般空氣質(zhì)量大氣污染控制一般空氣質(zhì)量一般空氣質(zhì)量2007200820092010近年空氣質(zhì)量Click to edit title style Description of the contentsText in hereTheme

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