科技英語(yǔ)翻譯課后練習(xí)答案市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、科技英語(yǔ)翻譯EST TRANSLATION第1頁(yè)目錄1第3章 名詞和冠詞翻譯1、名詞譯法2、冠詞譯法3、總復(fù)習(xí)題第4章 代詞翻譯1、代詞普通譯法2、人稱代詞譯法3、形容詞性物主代詞譯法4、指示代詞譯法5、不定代詞譯法6、it及其句型譯法7、總復(fù)習(xí)題第1章 概論1、翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2、對(duì)譯者要求3、科技英語(yǔ)文體特點(diǎn)4、翻譯普通方法第2章 詞翻譯1、詞義選擇2、詞義引申3、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換4、詞增譯5、詞省譯6、重復(fù)法第2頁(yè) 目錄2第7章 連詞翻譯1、連詞普通譯法2、慣用并列連詞譯法3、慣用主從連接詞譯法4、總復(fù)習(xí)題第8章 動(dòng)詞翻譯1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞普通譯法2、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)譯法3、非限定動(dòng)詞譯法4、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞譯法5、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

2、譯法6、總復(fù)習(xí)題第5章 數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞 翻譯1、數(shù)詞譯法2、形容詞譯法3、副詞譯法4、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)譯法5、形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)譯法6、總復(fù)習(xí)題第6章 介詞翻譯1、介詞普通譯法2、介詞短語(yǔ)譯法3、慣用介詞譯法4、總復(fù)習(xí)題第3頁(yè) 目錄3第11章 篇章翻譯1、總復(fù)習(xí)題第9章 句子翻譯1、句子成份譯法2、否定句譯法3、總復(fù)習(xí)題第10章 長(zhǎng)句翻譯1、并列句譯法2、名詞性從句譯法3、定語(yǔ)從句譯法4、狀語(yǔ)從句譯法5、復(fù)合長(zhǎng)句譯法6、總復(fù)習(xí)題第4頁(yè)1.1 翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信達(dá)雅 （嚴(yán)復(fù)）：忠實(shí)、通順（普遍觀點(diǎn)）科技翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 1）準(zhǔn)確規(guī)范 （第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1） 2）通順易懂 （第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2） 3）簡(jiǎn)練

3、明晰 （第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3）第5頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.動(dòng)力裝置是船舶心臟。 驅(qū)動(dòng)這些機(jī)器動(dòng)力裝置是一臺(tái)50馬力感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)。 第6頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passeng

4、ers legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半導(dǎo)體裝置也稱為晶體管，在許多場(chǎng)所替換電子管。 我們知道，全部物體都有重量并占據(jù)空間。 空間狹窄，旅客兩腿就不能自由活動(dòng)。 第7頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of t

5、wo principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中礦物質(zhì)叫做軟化。 雙子葉植物經(jīng)典營(yíng)養(yǎng)葉由兩個(gè)主要部分組成：葉片和葉柄。 第8頁(yè)1.2 對(duì)譯者要求英語(yǔ)水平 漢語(yǔ)水平專業(yè)知識(shí)翻譯知識(shí)翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)第9頁(yè)1.3 科技英語(yǔ)文體特點(diǎn)第三人稱句多被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)多專業(yè)名詞、術(shù)語(yǔ)多非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多長(zhǎng)句多第10頁(yè)1.4 翻譯普通方法直譯與意譯 （第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1）合譯與分譯 （第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2）增譯與省譯 （第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3）順譯與倒譯 （第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4）第11頁(yè)第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1Einsteins relativity theory is the only one which c

6、an explain such phenomena.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.愛因斯坦相對(duì)論是能解釋這種現(xiàn)象唯一理論。（直譯） 這四顆外層行星內(nèi)核可能都由金屬、硅酸鹽和水組成。（意譯） 第12頁(yè)The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if a

7、n acceptable printed product is to be the end product.設(shè)計(jì)師必須備有所使用材料貯備表。（意譯） 要使印刷品質(zhì)量到達(dá)要求，部件調(diào)試及修理就必須定時(shí)進(jìn)行。（意譯） 第13頁(yè)第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.The apparent change in size of the

8、sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生長(zhǎng)各原因中最主要是水供給。（合譯） 太陽(yáng)大小看起來(lái)有改變，這是因?yàn)榭拷仄骄€空氣中有塵粒而引發(fā)。（分譯） 醫(yī)生對(duì)血樣作了分析，看是不是貧血癥。（分譯） 第14頁(yè)These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small qu

9、antities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 這些石塊和鐵塊碎片大小不等，大直徑有1000公里，小不到1公里。（分譯） 制造過程能夠分為單件生產(chǎn)和大量生產(chǎn)。前者指是生產(chǎn)少許零件，后者則是指生產(chǎn)大量相同零件。（分譯） 第15頁(yè)第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3Cartography is the science of making maps.Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isot

10、opes.制圖學(xué)是研究繪制地圖科學(xué)。（增譯） 人們發(fā)覺，自然界里許多元素，都是各種不一樣同位素混合物。（增譯） 第16頁(yè)The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 電學(xué)上最慣用兩個(gè)單位是安培和伏特：后者是電

11、壓?jiǎn)挝唬罢呤请娏鲉挝?。（增譯） 同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸是電學(xué)一個(gè)基本規(guī)律。（省譯） 第17頁(yè)第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge.The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation.幾

12、乎任何一個(gè)絕緣體都多少含有保留電荷一段時(shí)間能力。向心推力軸承有較大軸向承載能力。經(jīng)過改變晶粒方向能夠改變焊縫性能。第18頁(yè)2.1 詞義選擇詞類/詞性（part of speech）：第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1上下文（co-text）： 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2搭配（collocation）： 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3學(xué)科專業(yè)/語(yǔ)域（register）： 第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4第19頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.The earth isnt completely roun

13、d; it is slightly flattened at the poles.In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field.錠子同時(shí)繞兩個(gè)相互垂直軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。（介詞） 粒子每運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)一周都從振蕩電場(chǎng)獲取新能量。（名詞）地球并非完全是圓，它兩極略扁平。（形容詞）第20頁(yè)An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of

14、an atom.Her waist measures forty inches round. 電子是繞原子核轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)且?guī)в胸?fù)電荷極其微小粒子。（動(dòng)詞） 她腰圍40英寸。（副詞） 第21頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data.To find the a

15、rea of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width.Certain isotopes are not found in nature.人們發(fā)覺鉆孔速度與工具所受凈壓力成正比。 求一正方形或長(zhǎng)方形面積，你只需將其長(zhǎng)度乘以寬度。科學(xué)家們總是力爭(zhēng)找到快速而簡(jiǎn)便方法取得定量數(shù)據(jù)。有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。第22頁(yè)New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry.Kangaroos are found in Australia.

16、This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors.Plastics find wide application in our daily life.大袋鼠產(chǎn)于澳大利亞。這種植物生長(zhǎng)在近河口海中。 新創(chuàng)造纖維在工程和工業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到越來(lái)越廣泛應(yīng)用。微型計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于智能傳感器生產(chǎn)中。塑料在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械玫綇V泛應(yīng)用。第23頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3low dampinglow brak

17、elow limitlow shotlow currentlow orderlow accesslow keylow brass弱阻尼低速制動(dòng)器下限低位仰視拍攝低強(qiáng)度電流慢速存取低音調(diào)鍵下半軸瓦第24頁(yè)solid anglesolid bearingsolid bodysolid linesolid borersolid colorsolid crankshaftsolid goldsolid measuresolid circuitsolid injectionsolid lubricantsolid pole鉆頭單色實(shí)心曲軸固態(tài)電路赤金體積無(wú)氣噴射潤(rùn)滑脂，固體潤(rùn)滑劑磁極實(shí)線固體整體軸承立體

18、角第25頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4apron (n.):機(jī)械行業(yè)造船業(yè)建筑業(yè)地質(zhì)運(yùn)輸業(yè)航空業(yè)軍事護(hù)床船頭護(hù)船木（皮帶）運(yùn)輸機(jī)護(hù)墻，擋板冰川前沙礫層停機(jī)坪（炮）口罩，偽裝天幕第26頁(yè)2.2 詞義引申技術(shù)性引申修辭性引申詳細(xì)化引申抽象化引申第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1第27頁(yè)第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.Traditionally, NC programming has be

19、en performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滾動(dòng)阻力起因在于滾動(dòng)體配合面和它滾動(dòng)滾道變形。（技術(shù)性引申） 通常，數(shù)控機(jī)床編程是脫機(jī)完成，指令載于穿孔帶上。（技術(shù)性引申） 大片大片漂浮藻類出現(xiàn)造成很多魚因缺氧而死亡。（修辭引申）第28頁(yè)The splitting of th

20、e uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor.The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.Just as different solids and liquids var

21、y in density, so do gases and vapors.元件技術(shù)中起主要作用是半導(dǎo)體元件。（詳細(xì)化引申） 兩板之間距離相對(duì)于其寬度和長(zhǎng)度而言比較小。（詳細(xì)化引申） 伴隨鈾核和钚核裂變，會(huì)有極其巨大能量釋放處理。（修辭性引申） 正像不一樣固體和液體密度不一樣一樣，不一樣氣體和蒸汽密度也不一樣。（詳細(xì)化引申）第29頁(yè)The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation.Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in th

22、e structure.At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.The facts have been set down in black and white.顯然，其結(jié)構(gòu)還有較大改進(jìn)余地。（抽象化引申） 當(dāng)前，煤是火電廠最慣用能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫婦堅(jiān)信，自然界中有一個(gè)物質(zhì)能放出輻射能。（詳細(xì)化引申） 這些事實(shí)已經(jīng)清清楚楚地統(tǒng)計(jì)下來(lái)了。（抽象化引申）第30頁(yè)2.3 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞 n. v. adj. v. adv. v. prep. v.轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞 第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 v. n. pron. n. adj.

23、 n. adv. n.轉(zhuǎn)譯為形容詞 n. adj. adv. adj. v. adj.轉(zhuǎn)譯為副詞 第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2 adj. adv. v. adv. n. adv.第31頁(yè)第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1Each time a sample was drawn for color determination.What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf.We should get familiar with different system

24、s of units. 每次取一個(gè)標(biāo)本測(cè)定顏色。 能夠必定，這場(chǎng)石油泄漏事件對(duì)波斯灣生態(tài)是個(gè)慘重打擊。 我們應(yīng)該熟悉各種（計(jì)量）單位制。第32頁(yè)These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design- not just to mechanical engineering design.Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators.When the war was ov

25、er, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons.常以氫氣代替空氣來(lái)冷卻大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)。 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，人們發(fā)覺德國(guó)人在研制核武器方面離成功還很遠(yuǎn)。 這些判定過程能夠應(yīng)用于工程設(shè)計(jì)整個(gè)領(lǐng)域，而不但僅限于機(jī)械工程設(shè)計(jì)。第33頁(yè)Various precautions have been taken against leakage.Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of

26、 365F.Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost.This new model should appeal to potential buyers.一旦進(jìn)入烘干爐，板材就處于365華氏度溫度條件下。價(jià)值定義是功效或性能與成本數(shù)值比。 已采取了各種辦法預(yù)防滲漏。 這種新式樣對(duì)潛在買主必定有吸引力。第34頁(yè)Galileos experiments are not difficult, nor is there any evidence that he

27、 performed them with exceptional skill.Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time.Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有時(shí)科學(xué)家觀察一物體及

28、其特征，比如一顆星或一只鳥；有時(shí)科學(xué)家觀察某一事件，即在一特定時(shí)間所發(fā)生事。地震對(duì)于生命破壞通常大于火山暴發(fā)。 伽利略試驗(yàn)并不難，也沒有證據(jù)表明他是以非凡技能來(lái)做試驗(yàn)。第35頁(yè)Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating.How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air.This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一個(gè)燃料燃燒速度有多快，取

29、決于它與氧氣或空氣混合均勻程度。這就是線圈常被叫做電感器原因。應(yīng)該慢慢加熱，以防止發(fā)生局部過熱現(xiàn)象。第36頁(yè)第3節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure.The metal casts well.A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 幾乎材料一

30、切有用特征都與其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)有親密關(guān)系。 這種金屬有良好鑄造性能。 傳導(dǎo)電流導(dǎo)線包有塑料，該塑料便是導(dǎo)線周圍絕緣材料。第37頁(yè)There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet.Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged.Safety in a power plant is of great importance.Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits.

31、安全在電廠是非常主要。當(dāng)代發(fā)報(bào)機(jī)大多采取固體電路。有許多方法來(lái)確定磁場(chǎng)周圍磁力分布情況。潤(rùn)滑良好可保護(hù)軸承不受損傷。第38頁(yè)E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce.These images tend to exaggerate the robots similarity to human anatomy and behavior.Aluminum remained an expensive rarity ti

32、ll the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 這些概念經(jīng)?？浯罅藱C(jī)器人與人類在形體和行為方面相同之處。 電子化工商務(wù)當(dāng)前主要提供兩個(gè)層次相關(guān)化學(xué)、塑料和能源電子商務(wù)在線商務(wù)信息服務(wù)。 直到1886年人們發(fā)覺電解法還原鋁之前，鋁一直是一個(gè)昂貴珍品。第39頁(yè)Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 因

33、為有些材料不像另一些那樣輕易被損壞，所以有可能研制出防輻射零件。第40頁(yè)2.4 詞增譯增譯名詞增譯動(dòng)詞增譯形容詞增譯副詞增譯代詞第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1增譯量詞增譯表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)詞增譯時(shí)態(tài)詞增譯概括性詞增譯連接詞增譯轉(zhuǎn)折詞第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2第41頁(yè)第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor.Once out of the earths gravity, an astronaut is affected by still another problem- weightlessness.By minim

34、izing the microscopic imperfections scientists are making far stronger ceramics.這一作用從外表上看來(lái)像電容器放電現(xiàn)象。 一旦離開了地球引力范圍，宇航員又碰到了另一個(gè)問題失重。 科學(xué)家們正經(jīng)過最大程度地減小微觀缺點(diǎn)來(lái)制造強(qiáng)度高得多陶瓷。第42頁(yè)Atomic cells are small and very light, as compared to ordinary dry ones.Transistors can make previously large equipment much smaller.Astron

35、omers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions. 天文學(xué)家有證據(jù)表明，還有其它一些恒星也可能有黑洞作為伴星。和普通電池相比，原子電池體積小、重量輕。晶體管能使原先體積大設(shè)備變得小得多。第43頁(yè)The key to the new materials is researchers increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.The largest and most expensi

36、ve products cannot, because of their size, be testable in the factory.Cold rolling enables the operators to produce rolls of accuracy and uniformity, and with a better surface finish.最大最貴產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)轶w積大，在該工廠里是不能檢驗(yàn)。 開發(fā)新材料關(guān)鍵在于研究人員不停提升在分子一級(jí)上處理物質(zhì)能力。 冷軋可使操作工生產(chǎn)出準(zhǔn)確度高、均勻度好軋制件，并含有更加好表面光潔度。第44頁(yè)All these factors play

37、 a key role in formulation of the model.PCs are not the most stable, and with video editing you have to be extra careful.This method makes it easy to identify the various components.在擬訂模型時(shí)，全部這些原因都將起到關(guān)鍵性作用。這個(gè)方法使人們很輕易識(shí)別各種不一樣組成成份。 個(gè)人電腦普通并不太穩(wěn)定，所以，進(jìn)行視頻編輯時(shí)需要加倍小心。第45頁(yè)第4節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2It was estimated that the powe

38、r of an average horse is equal to 500 feet-pounds per second.Panel patch is one gauge heavier than thickness of original skin.Studies have shown that information can be communicated to people many times faster in a graphic form than in written form.據(jù)預(yù)計(jì)，一匹普通馬功率等于500英尺-磅力/秒。 補(bǔ)塊比原板厚度大一號(hào)。 眾多研究表明，以圖形表示信息

39、被人們接收速度比以文字表示快許多倍。第46頁(yè)The chemist is making an analysis of the poison.It appears that the construction of the dam has had a considerable effect on the ecology of the region.The receiver will operate reliably no matter what happens. 不論發(fā)生什么情況，這臺(tái)接收機(jī)都將可靠地工作。藥劑師正對(duì)毒性進(jìn)行分析?？磥?lái)，建造水壩對(duì)這一地域生態(tài)已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)大影響。第47頁(yè)Radiant

40、, electrical and chemical energies can all be turned into heat.The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.Noise figure is minimized by parametric amplifier.頻率、波長(zhǎng)和聲速三者是親密相關(guān)。 輻射能、電能和化學(xué)能這三種能均可轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮堋２扇⒘糠糯笃骷纯蓪⒃胍粝禂?shù)減小至最低程度。第48頁(yè)In the absence of sufficient knowledge confusion exists

41、in classifying a specimen as a butterfly or a moth.Lead can be hammered into very thin sheets without being broken.There are a number of devices that give an electric current when light falls on them, without any chemical changes taking place.假如沒有足夠知識(shí)，就分不清標(biāo)本是屬蝶類還是蛾類。有許多器件在受光照射時(shí)能產(chǎn)生電流，但不發(fā)生任何化學(xué)改變。 鉛能被錘

42、成很薄薄片而不破裂。第49頁(yè)2.5 詞省譯省譯冠詞省譯代詞省譯介詞省譯連詞省譯動(dòng)詞there be句型中省譯現(xiàn)象 第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1第50頁(yè)第5節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1The fact that the concrete is slow in setting is no sign that it is of poor quality.Such an engine is called an internal combustion engine.The symptoms of hepatitis are similar no matter which virus is involved.混凝土凝固得慢并不表

43、示其質(zhì)量差。這種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)成為內(nèi)燃機(jī)。肝炎不論是由何種病毒引發(fā)，其癥狀均大同小異。第51頁(yè)This critical deficiency was itself due to three factors which interacted with each other over the entire period.The properties change in going from carbon to graphite.The design choices hinge upon considerations of gain, noise figure, and so forth.設(shè)計(jì)選擇關(guān)鍵在于

44、考慮增益、噪音系數(shù)等等。 這個(gè)關(guān)鍵性逆差起源于三個(gè)一直相互影響原因。碳轉(zhuǎn)變成石墨時(shí)，其性質(zhì)也發(fā)生了改變。第52頁(yè)Temperatures may reach 700C and surface oxidation becomes critical.If the atomic nucleus of a heavy element is split, a large amount of energy is released.The discovery of enzymes is very important because it gave impetus to a series of experim

45、ents.分裂一重元素原子核，會(huì)釋放出很大能量。 溫度高達(dá)700攝氏度，表面氧化便成為關(guān)鍵問題。 酶發(fā)覺很主要，因?yàn)樗七M(jìn)了一系列試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行。第53頁(yè)Apart from the fact that it may become hot, no apparent change occurs in a metal when it is carrying a current.This equipment forms an integral part of many advanced systems.There was a rise in temperature, and as a result, th

46、e component failed.金屬有電流經(jīng)過時(shí)，除了金屬可能變熱外沒有什么顯著改變。溫度升高了，結(jié)果元件出了故障。這個(gè)設(shè)備是許多先進(jìn)系統(tǒng)不可缺乏一部分。第54頁(yè)If there is little cooling water available, a diesel engine makes an excellent prime mover for generation below 10,000 kVA.There was a block in the pipe and the water could not flow away. 假如能利用冷卻水不多，則柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)能夠成為極好發(fā)電100

47、00千伏安以下原動(dòng)機(jī)。水管被東西堵住，水流不出去。第55頁(yè)2.6 重復(fù)法重復(fù)名詞重復(fù)動(dòng)詞 第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1 第56頁(yè)第6節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1The properties of gas are quite different from those of liquid.The electric resistance of copper is not so large as that of iron.The three gas laws are true of all gases, as well as of air.氣體性質(zhì)與液體性質(zhì)大不相同。（重復(fù)名詞） 氣體三定律不但適合用于空氣，也適合用于全部氣

48、體。（重復(fù)動(dòng)詞）銅電阻不像鐵電阻那樣大。（重復(fù)名詞）第57頁(yè)Matter changes not only in state but also in volume.Continuous data can be expressed in either fractions or whole numbers.物質(zhì)不但形態(tài)改變而且體積也改變。（重復(fù)動(dòng)詞）連續(xù)資料能夠用分?jǐn)?shù)表示，也能夠用整數(shù)表示。（重復(fù)動(dòng)詞）第58頁(yè)3.1 名詞譯法直譯（第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1）重復(fù)增譯：抽象名詞后增譯名詞詳細(xì)名詞后增譯名詞（第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2）轉(zhuǎn)譯：n. v. （第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3）n. adj. （第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4）n

49、. adv.省譯第59頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened. 一個(gè)不一樣尋常用途是：這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)使用指紋掃描器監(jiān)視居住人員進(jìn)出。當(dāng)含有電感電路突然斷開時(shí)，可用電容器消除火花。第60

50、頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.The scans confirmed that the subjects brains dealt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong.比較結(jié)果表明，誤差是因?yàn)槊Q不一樣而造成。 掃描結(jié)果證實(shí)，受試者大腦處理

51、詞方式同一個(gè)古老舊觀念不一致。 對(duì)放射性同位素最新研究結(jié)果表明，這種構(gòu)想是完全錯(cuò)誤。第61頁(yè)Metals differ in the ease with which they give up electrons and enter into chemical combination.Internal-shoe drum brakes provide better protection from water and dust.People on earth are protected from the dangerous ultraviolet radiation of the sun by a

52、 layer or ozone that spans the planet and absorbs the radiation.各種金屬放出電子和參加化學(xué)反應(yīng)難易程度不一。內(nèi)蹄式鼓形制動(dòng)器防水、防塵性能比很好。 地球上人們受到包圍著地球并能吸收輻射一層臭氧層保護(hù)，從而免受危險(xiǎn)太陽(yáng)紫外線輻射傷害。第62頁(yè)According to the molecular theory the temperature of an object depends on the average speed of its molecules.Effectiveness of temperature control de

53、pends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the ambient temperature, and the external cooling.依據(jù)分子理論原理，物體溫度取決于其分子平均速度。 溫度控制效果取決于潤(rùn)滑劑用量、環(huán)境溫度以及外部冷卻設(shè)施。第63頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.The primary concern of electrical engineering is the do

54、ing of work by the delivery of energy.Gene piracy is not new.All plants and animals need carbon for growth.要尤其注意軟管，確保沒有擦傷。竊取基因不是新鮮事。電工學(xué)主要關(guān)注是經(jīng)過輸送能量做功情況。全部動(dòng)植物均需要碳才能生長(zhǎng)。第64頁(yè)第1節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4The experiment was a success.Semiconductor devices can perform a variety of control function in electronic equipment.這個(gè)試驗(yàn)是

55、成功。半導(dǎo)體在電子設(shè)備中能起各種各樣控制作用。第65頁(yè)3.2 冠詞譯法不定冠詞a/an譯法1）普通譯法 （第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1）2）省譯 （第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2、3）不定冠詞the譯法1）普通譯法 （第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4）2）省譯 （第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5）第66頁(yè)第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)1A polymer is a substance of high molecular weight.Being a good insulator, rubber is often used in cables.The patient was administered the mixture twice a week.Thes

56、e machines may be oiled once or twice a month.聚合物是一個(gè)高分子物質(zhì)。這種混合劑病人每七天服用兩次。橡膠是一個(gè)良好絕緣體，所以經(jīng)常使用在電纜上。這些機(jī)器每個(gè)月能夠加一次或兩次油。第67頁(yè)第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)2A bearing can be defined as a member specifically designed to support moving machine components.Use a transformer and power at low voltage can be changed into power at high vo

57、ltage.An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero.軸承能夠定義為一個(gè)專門用于支撐運(yùn)動(dòng)著機(jī)器零件構(gòu)件。靜止物體沒有動(dòng)能，因?yàn)樗俣葹榱?。使用變壓器可將低壓電轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦邏弘?。?8頁(yè)第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)3作為固定詞組時(shí)省譯：on a large scalea majority of a wealth of as a result結(jié)果，所以大規(guī)模地大多數(shù)大量第69頁(yè)第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)4The machine is intended for grinding the top and bottom surfaces of

58、 tungsten carbide tips.The mechanism has been termed cumulative feedback inhibition.該機(jī)床是供磨削硬質(zhì)合金刀片上下表面用。這種機(jī)制就叫做累加反饋抑制。第70頁(yè)第2節(jié) 翻譯練習(xí)5The basic job of the computer is the processing of information.The main effect is to raise the fundamental slosh mode frequency.計(jì)算機(jī)基本任務(wù)是處理信息。主要作用在于提升基本晃動(dòng)頻率。第71頁(yè)第3章 總復(fù)習(xí)題Ot

59、her factors affect the configuration of the total system.In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage.Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means known to man.另一些原因則將影響整個(gè)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。飛行正常時(shí)，艙門與機(jī)身平整貼合。用人們已知方法，既不能創(chuàng)造能量也不能毀滅能量。第72頁(yè)It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low

60、on component complexity.The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continuous train without uncoupling.He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.他對(duì)電子計(jì)算機(jī)操作是陌生。 習(xí)慣上依據(jù)部件復(fù)雜程度把設(shè)計(jì)級(jí)稱為高設(shè)計(jì)級(jí)和低設(shè)計(jì)級(jí)。 此系統(tǒng)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)之處于于它能移動(dòng)列車車廂而無(wú)須將它們脫鉤分開。第73頁(yè)A key element in system capacit