英語句子按功能分類市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、sentence第1頁1.句子用途分類所謂用途分類是指，依據(jù)句子意思，句子語言功效和作用是什么，然后將其歸類。按這種方法，全部英語句子能夠分成四個種類：陳說句（Declarative Sentence），疑問句（Interrogative Sentence），祁使句（Imperative Sentence）和感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentence）。第2頁1）陳說句（Declarative Sentence）陳說句是用來說明事實(shí)、看法，描述動作、狀態(tài)，說明道理、原因，等等。這是日常生活中見得最多一個句子。它在表示意思上有兩種形式，即必定句形式和否定句形式。比如：Chinese is

2、one of the major languages in the world .漢字是世界主要語言之一。It is not an easy job to learn English well .學(xué)好英語不是件易事。第3頁She is doing her term paper .她在寫學(xué)期論文。This is a beautiful garden .這是一座漂亮花園。Wealth does not mean happiness .富有并不意味著幸福。Being over-slept , he was late for class today .因?yàn)樗^了頭，他今天上課遲到了。第4頁2) 疑問句

3、（Interrogative Sentence）疑問句是用來提出問題，按其所提出不一樣問題可分為以下四種： A）一般疑問句（General Question）一般疑問句是就某件事或某種情況是與否提問。所以，它回答不是Yes就是No；回答時所用句子可以是完整句，也可以是省略句。其次，凡是疑問句一般說來都應(yīng)該是倒裝語序。例如：-Are you a student ? -Yes, I am a student .-Do you like dancing ? -Yes, I do .第5頁B) 特殊疑問句（Special Question）特殊疑問句是對某件事或某種情況某首先詳細(xì)內(nèi)容提問，所以，對哪首

4、先詳細(xì)內(nèi)容提問，就需要使用對應(yīng)特殊疑問詞如：時間（When）、地點(diǎn)（Where）、原因（Why）、方式（How）、人物（Who）、名稱（What），等等。另外，回答內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是詳細(xì)。比如：-Who is in charge of English in your class ? -Zheng Zheng (is ).-誰是你們班英語科代表？-（是）鄭征。 -Why is Luo Huimin absent from duty today .-She is preparing for going abroad .羅慧敏今天為何沒有上班？她要出國,正在做準(zhǔn)備第6頁C) 選擇疑問句（Alternati

5、ve Question）選擇疑問句能夠?qū)渥又腥魏纬煞菰O(shè)置選擇問題，選擇部分由連詞or連接。它貌似普通疑問句，其實(shí)二者有區(qū)分，因?yàn)榛卮疬@種文句時既不能用Yes也不能用No，而是需要回答人說出詳細(xì)選擇。另外，連詞or之前部分讀升調(diào)，其后部分讀降調(diào)。比如：-Is your sister or brother going abroad ? -My brother is .（選擇主語）-是你妹妹還是弟弟要出國？-我弟弟。-Are you going to school or back home . -（Im）Going home .（選擇謂語） -你是去學(xué)校還是回家。-我回家。第7頁D) 反意疑問句（

6、Disjunctive Question）當(dāng)說話人對某種情況不甚有把握，或需深入證實(shí)時，便可使用反意疑問句。反意疑問句組成份兩部分。第一部分是一個完整陳說句；第二部分是一個簡單疑問句。第一部分若是必定形式，第二部分則用否定形式；第一部分若是否定形式，第二部分則用必定形式。還必須要保持前后兩部分在時態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞等方面一致性。比如：She is a college student , isnt she ?她是學(xué)生，對不對？He cannot speak French , can he ?他不會說法語是不是？第8頁3) 祁使句（Imperative Sentence）祈使句往往是用來表示說話人請求、

7、命令、要求、提議，等等。祈使句主語常被省略，因?yàn)檫@個主語很明確地是聽話人you。當(dāng)然，有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或表示某種感情，句子也會帶上主語。祈使句謂語用動詞原形；它否定形式是句首用Dont + 動詞原形，或是Not to + 動詞原形。比如：Be quiet , please ! Dont smoke in the office . Dont be standing in the rain . Stand up ! Not to be careless when youre driving a car . 第9頁4) 感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentence）感嘆句表示說話人喜悅、生氣、詫異等

8、強(qiáng)烈情緒。這類句子中，有很多是由What或How引發(fā)。What 用來強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞，How則強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞、副詞或動詞。這類句子組成只需將所強(qiáng)調(diào)或是說，所感嘆對象放到句首；句子無需倒裝，句子要用正常語序。 當(dāng)然，假如不用這種句型，而句子（不論是那種句子）本身又表示了上述種種情緒，那么該句也就成了感嘆句。比如：What a fine day it is today ! How fine it is today ! What a lovely son you have ! How lovely your son is ! 第10頁感嘆句第11頁感嘆句第12頁 （2）what 引導(dǎo)感嘆句what名詞主語謂語H

9、ow + 形/副詞+主語+謂語（1）how 引導(dǎo)感嘆句第13頁“How + 形/副詞+主語+謂語” （1）How形容詞（主語系動詞）！ eg.How fine it is today?。?）How副詞（主語實(shí)義動詞）！ eg.How beautiful the flowers they are?。?）How形容詞a（an）單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（主語系 動詞）！ eg.How heavy the rain is！ 第14頁“what名詞主語謂語！”（1）What a（an）（形容詞）單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！ eg.What a cold day it is today?。?）What（形容詞）復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

10、！ eg.What heavy boxes they are！3）What（形容詞）不可數(shù)名詞！ eg.What delicious ice-cream it is！第15頁3省略式感嘆句(1)how直接修飾謂語動詞：How+主語+謂語!如： How we love our motherland!我們是多么熱愛自己祖國啊!(2)省略主語和謂語。如： What an interesting book!多有趣一本書啊!4特殊式感嘆句The design and the colours!多美圖案和色彩!To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那

11、樣一套衣服賣給了一個百萬富翁!第16頁感嘆句記憶口訣感嘆句，并不難，what與how應(yīng)在前。形容詞、副詞跟著how，what后面名詞連。名詞若是可數(shù)單，前帶冠詞a或an。主語、謂語放后面，省略它們也常見。第17頁祈使句第18頁祈使句判定和特點(diǎn)否定：Dont或Never+動詞原形。如：Never go out alone at night！不要在夜晚單獨(dú)出去！祈使句用來表示說話人請求、命令、提議、勸說等。謂語動詞用動詞原形。其主語是you，往往省略。常見祈使句句型以下：1動詞原形如：Lay down your arms! Be sure to get there before eight Ocl

12、ock第19頁2Do+動詞原形(此句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào))。如：Do tell her about it務(wù)必將此事告訴她。3.以let開頭: Let 反意疑問句 a. Lets 包含說話者 Lets have another try，shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try?b.Let us 不包含說話者Let us have another try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try?第20頁4主語+動詞原形。如： Tomyou go and see wha

13、tS happening湯姆，去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。 You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor你們，女生擦桌子。你們，男生，清掃地板。第21頁5祈使句+and/or+陳說句(and表示順承關(guān)系，or表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)。如：use your head，and you11 find a good way(=If you use your head，you11 find a good way)動動腦筋，你會找到一個好方法。Hurry up，or we11 be late(=If we dont hurry up，we11 be late)快點(diǎn)，不

14、然我們就遲到了。第22頁6Be so kind/good as+不定式(此句型用來表示客氣請求，so kind/good as相當(dāng)于kind/good enough)。如：Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary請把你字典借給我吧。第23頁Disjunctive Questions反意疑問句第24頁He is a boy, isnt he?第25頁This is your brother, _ _?These are not books, _ _ ?Nothing is serious, _ _ ?Everything seems all right,

15、 _ _?isnt itare they is it doesnt it第26頁Everyone knows this , _ _ ?No one came , _ _?Each of the boys has a football, _ _?None of the milk is left, _ _? dont they did they havent they is it第27頁Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 第28頁一.問句部分與陳說部分主語不一致情況陳說部分主語 疑問部分主語 例句

16、 this或 that it This is your mother, isnt it ? these或those they These are books,are they? something everything等 it Nothing is serious, is it ? they/he Everyone knows this,dont they?/ doesnt he?somebodyeveryone等第29頁 no one none neither , either they / heNo one came , did they? each of he / theyEach of

17、 the boys has a football, hasnt he? None of it None of the milk is left, is it ?陳說部分 疑問部分 例句主語 主語第30頁Lets do some exercisesMary has two brothers, _ _?He hasnt a lot of time, _ _?They all had a good time, _ _?We have to get up early, _ _?We had better go right now,_ _?doesnt shehas he didnt theydont

18、we hadnt we第31頁Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 第32頁二問句部分和陳說部分謂語不一致情況： has (有） have 或do Mary has two brothers, doesnt she / hasnt she? have(有否定形式）與陳說部分一致He hasnt some time, has he ?have(不做有講） do They had a good time, didnt they? have to do We have to get up, dont

19、we? had better hadWe had better go right now,hadnt we?第33頁He cant be a doctor, _ _?He must be happy, _ _?He needs help, _ _?is heisnt he doesnt he第34頁二, 問句部分和陳說部分謂語不一致情況 cant (不可能）表推測 cant 后面動詞He cant be a doctor, is he? 1 must表示“必須”或“有必要” ，2, mustnt表示“禁止” mustnt或needntmust I must hand in my exercis

20、e book now, mustnt I(或neednt)? You mustnt take the magazine out of the reading-room, must you? 實(shí)義動詞need/dare情態(tài)動詞 dare / need dodare /needHe needs to do some sports, doesnt he?He dare not say so, dare he?She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? We need not do it again, need we?第35頁Lets do some exe

21、rcisesHe is hardly able to swim, _ _?There is little ink in your pen, _ _?The chair is uncomfortable, _ _?He has nothing to say, _? is he is there isnt it does he第36頁Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 第37頁三、問句必定或否定問題 scarcely seldom ,hardly ,never, few,little, none,

22、nothing, neither, nobody等 必定 形式He has never been to Japan, has he? He hardly speaks English, does he? 含un,im,dis-等否定前綴及l(fā)ess-等后綴派生詞 否定 形式Its unfair, isnt it?He dislikes chicken, doesnt he? 第38頁Lets do some exercisesIm your friend, _ _?There arent any books on the desk, _ _?Turn off the light, _ _?Don

23、t make a noise, _ _? arent I are there will you will you 第39頁Let him come in, _ _?Lets go for a walk, _ _?Let us do it by themselves, _ _?He says that I did it,_ _?I dont think Mary is coming tomorrow, _ _?She thinks she can get there on time, _ _? will you shall we will youdoesnt he is shedoesnt sh

24、e第40頁Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 第41頁四、一些特殊附加疑問句 I am陳說部分謂語是wish arent Imay +主語Im your friend, arent I?I wish to have a word with you, may I?There be be thereThere is a book on the desk, isnt there?必定祈使句 will you wont youCome here , will you?否定祈使句 will youDon

25、t make a noise , will you?第42頁 let us,let me let +第三人稱 will youLet us do it, will you? lets shall weLets go for a walk, shall we?I think/believe/suppose等與從句謂語一致I dont think Mary is coming tomorrow, is she? he /she/ it + think/ believe等與主句謂 語一致She thinks she can get there on time, doesnt she?第43頁陳說部分

26、有 had better + v. 疑問句部分用 hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 陳說部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 wouldnt +主語。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?陳說部分有Youd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldnt +主語。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 第44頁感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。What colours, arent t

27、hey?What a smell, isnt it? 陳說部分由 neither nor, either or 連接并列主語時，疑問部分依據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?第45頁 陳說部分為主語從句或并列句，疑問部分有三種情況： a. 并列句疑問部分，謂語動詞依據(jù)鄰近分句謂語而定。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句主從復(fù)合句, 疑問部分謂語依據(jù)

28、主句謂語而定： He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?第46頁 c. 上述部分假如主句主語是第一人稱而謂語是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引導(dǎo)賓語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應(yīng)組成反意疑問句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she? must在表“推測”時，依據(jù)實(shí)際情況確定He must be

29、there now, isnt he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? You must have studied English for three years, havent you? He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?第47頁當(dāng)陳說部分主語是從句、不定式、動名詞或詞組時，反意疑問部分主語通慣用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? To master a foreign language isnt e

30、asy, is it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, isnt it? 第48頁五、反意問句回答：1、- You didnt go to his birthday party last night, did you? -_ , though I wasnt busy.Yes, I did B. No, I didnt C.Yes, I didnt D. No, I didB. No, I didnt2. You have no classes on Saturday, do you?A. , we doB. , we dont YesNo第49頁1.

31、Some plants never come out, _ _?2. We have to get there at eight tomorrow , _ _?3.Youd better read it by yourself, _ _?4. He must be a doctor, _ _?5. Everything is ready, _ _?6. Everyone knows the answer,_ _?7. I dont think he is bright,_ _?8. She believes she can do it better,_ _?9. Dont do that ag

32、ain,_ _?Do some exercises: do they dont we hadnt you isnt he isnt itdont they is he doesnt she will you第50頁10. Lets go and listen to the music,_ _? Let us wait for you in the reading room, _ _?12.There is not be any trouble,_ _?13. Im as tall as your sister，_ _? shall we will you is there arent I第51

33、頁1.LilyandLucylikedancing,_? A.arentthey B.dontLilyandLucy C.dontthey D.dothey2.Youcanhardlyhearanything,_? A.canyou B.cantyou C.doyou D.dontyou第52頁3. Shetalkedlittle,_she? A.did B.didnt C.was D.wasnt4. -Thereisnothingintheroomexceptthedesk,isthere? -_.Onlythedesk. A.Yes,thereis B.No,thereis C.Yes,thereisnt D.No,thereisnt第53頁5.-Fewpeopleunderstandthequestion, dothey? -_.Itistoodifficult. A.No,theydont B.Yes,theydo C.No,theydo D.Yes,theydont6.Youmustbeawriter,_? A.willyou B.wontyou C.arentyou D.mustyou第54頁7.Alicehastofinishherworknow,_? A.hasshe B