張福慈畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯

1、文檔來源為 :從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯 .歡迎下載支持 .Heat Treatment of Die and MouldOriented Concurrent DesignAbstract:Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern. It is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies. A new idea of concurrent design fo

2、r heat treatment process of die and mould was developedin order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process. Heat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrent circumstance and the relevant model was built. These investigations can remarkably improve efficiency, reduce cost an

3、d ensure quality of R and D for products.Key words:die design; heat treatment; mouldTraditionaldieandmoulddesign,mainlybyexperienceorsemi experience ，is isolated from manufacturing process.Before the design isfinalized ，the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again，thussome disadvan

4、tagescomeintobeing,suchas long developmentperiod,highcostanduncertain practicaleffect.Dueto strongdesiresforprecision,servicelife,developmentperiod and cost,moderndie and mouldshouldbedesignedandmanufacturedperfectly.Thereforemore and more advanced technologiesandinnovationshavebeenapplied,forexampl

5、e,concurrentengineering,agilemanufacturing virtual manufacturing,collaborative design,etc.Heat treatmentofdieand mouldisas importantas design ,manufactureandassemblybecauseit hasavitaleffectonmanufacture， assemblyandservicelife Designandmanufactureofdieandmouldhaveprogressedrapidly ， but heat treatm

6、ent lagged seriously behind them As die and mouldindustrydevelops ， heat treatment mustensure die and mould therearegoodstateofmanufacture， assemblyandwear resistantpropertiesbyrequest.Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing such asover hard and soft and assembly Traditi

7、onally the heat treatment process文檔來源為 :從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯 .歡迎下載支持 .was madeoutaccordingto themethodsandpropertiesbrought forwardbydesigner This could make the designers of die and mould and heat treatmentdivergefromeach other ， for thedesignersofdie and mould could not fullyrealizeheattreatmentproc

8、essand materialsproperties， andcontrarilythedesigners rarely understood the service environmentanddesigningthought.These divergences will impact the progress of die and mould to a great extent.Accordingly ， if the process design of heat treatment is considered in the earlydesigning stage ，the aims o

9、f shortening development period，reducing cost andstabilizingqualitywillbe achievedandthesublimationofdevelopmentpattern from serial to concurrent will be realizedConcurrentengineering takescomputer integration system asa carrier ,atthe very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considere

10、d such asmanufacturing， heattreating ， propertiesandso forthinordertoavoidtheerror The concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern,whichbring about a revolution against serial patternIn the present work the heat treatment was integrated into the concurrentcircumstanceofthedieandmou

11、lddevelopment， andthesystemicandprofound research was performed1Heat Treatment Under Concurrent CircumstanceTheconcurrentpatterndiffersultimatelyfromtheserialpattern(seeFig 1).Withregardtoserialpattern ， thedesigners mostlyconsiderthestructureandfunctionofdieand mould ， yethardlyconsidertheconsequen

12、tprocess ，so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwardsMeanwhile ，thedesigndepartmentrarelycommunicateswiththeassembling ， costaccounting and sales departments These problems certainly will influence thedevelopment progress of die and mould and the market foregroundWhereas inthe concurrent

13、 pattern ， the relations among departments are close， the relateddepartmentsall takepartinthedevelopmentpro gress of dieand mouldandhave close intercommunion with purchasers This is propitious to eliminationofthe conflictsbetweendepartments ， increase the efficiencyand reducethecost Heattreatment pr

14、ocessintheconcurrentcircumstanceis made outnot文檔來源為 :從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯 .歡迎下載支持 .afterblueprintand workpiecetaken but duringdie and moulddesigning Inthis way ， it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and makingfull use of the potential of the materials2 Integration of Heat Treatment

15、 CAD CAE for Die and MouldIt can be seen from Fig 2 that the process design and simulation of heattreatmentarethe coreof integrationframe Afterinformationinputviaproductdesign module andheat treatment processgeneratedviaheattreatment CAD and heat treatment CAE module will automatically divide themes

16、h for parts drawing ， simulation temperature field microstructure analysisafter heat treatmentandthedefect ofpossibleemerging(suchasoverheat,overburning) ， and thentheheat treatmentprocessis judgediftheoptimization is made according to the result reappeared by stereoscopic visiontechnology Moreovert

17、oolandclampingapparatusCADandCAMareintegrated into this systemTheconcurrentengineeringbasedintegrationframecanshareinformation with other branch That makes for optimizing the heat treatmentprocess and ensuring the process sound2.1 3-D model and stereoscopic vision technology for heat treatmentThe pr

18、oblems about materials， structure and size for die and mould canbe discoveredas soon as possibleby 3-D modelfor heat treatment based onthe shape ofdieandmould Modeling heatingconditionandphasetransformationconditionfordieandmouldduringheat treatmentareworkable ， becauseit has beenbrokenthroughfor th

19、ecalculationofphasetransformationthermodynamics， phasetransformationkinetics， phasestress,thermal stress，heat transfer，hydrokinetics etcFor example，3-D heat conducting algorithm models forlocal heating complicated impression andasymmetric dieand mould ， and M ARCsoftwaremodelsfor microstructuretrans

20、formationwasused Computercan present theinformationsof文檔來源為 :從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯 .歡迎下載支持 .temperature ， microstructure and stress at arbitrary time and display the entire transformation procedure in the form of 3-D by coupling temperaturefield,microstructurefieldandstressfield Ifthepropertycanbecoupl

21、ed,various partial properties can be predicted by computer2.2 Heat treatment process designDue to the special requests for strength，hardness ，surface roughness anddistortion during heat treatment for die and mould， the parameters includingquenchingmedium type ， quenchingtemperatureand tempering temp

22、eratureand time ， must be properly selected， and whether using surface quenching orchemicalheat treatmentthe parametersmustberightlydetermined It isdifficultto determine the parameters bycomputer fully Sincecomputertechnology develops quickly in recent decades,the difficulty with large scalecalculat

23、ion has been overcome By simulating and weighing the property，thecost and the required period after heat treatmentit is not difficult to optimizethe heat treatment process2.3 Data base for heat treatmentA heattreatmentdatabase isdescribedin Fig 3 Thedatabaseisthefoundation of making out heat treatme

24、nt process Generally ， heat treatmentdatabaseisdividedintomaterialsdatabaseandprocess database Itisaninexorable trend to predict the property by materials and process Although itis difficultto establisha propertydatabase ， it isnecessaryto establishthedatabasebya seriesof tests The materialsdatabase

25、includessteelgrades,chemical compositions ，properties and home and abroad grades paralleltables The process database includes heat treatment criterions，classes ，heatpreservation time and cooling velocityBased on the database ，heat treatmentprocess can be created by inferring from rules2.4 Tool and e

26、quipment for heat treatmentAfter heat treatmentprocess is determined， tool and equipment CAD文檔來源為 :從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯 .歡迎下載支持 .CAEsystemtransfersthe informationabout designand manufactureto thenumerical control device Through rapid tooling prototype， the reliability oftoolandtheclampingapparatuscan

27、be judged The wholeprocedureistransferred by network， in which there is no man made interference3 Key Technique3.1Couplingoftemperature，microstructure，stressandpropertyHeat treatment procedure is a procedure of temperature-microstructurestressinteraction Thethreefactorscanallinfluencetheproperty(see

28、Fig 4) During heating and cooling， hot stress and transformation will comeinto being when microstructure changes.Transformation temperature-microstructureand temperature microstructure andstress-propertyinteract on eachother Researchon theinteractionofthe fourfactorshasbeengreatlydeveloped,buttheuni

29、versal mathematicmodelhasnotbeenbuilt Manymodels fit thetestnicely， but theycannot be putintopractice Difficultieswith most of models are solved in analytic solution， and numerical method isemployed so that the inaccuracy of calculation existsEven so， comparingexperiencemethod withqualitative analys

30、is ， heattreatment simulation by computer makes great progress3.2 Establishment and integration of modelsThedevelopmentprocedurefordieandmouldinvolvesdesign,manufacture，heat treatment，assembly ，maintenance and so on Theyshould have own database and mode1 They are in series with each other bythe enti

31、ty relationmodel Throughestablishingandemployingdynamicinferencemechanism， the aimofoptimizingdesign can be achieved Therelationbetweenproductmodelandother modelswasbuilt Theproductmodel will change in case the cell model changes In fact ， it belongs to therelation of data with die and mould After h

32、eat treatment model is integratedinto the system， it is no more an isolated unit but a member which is close to文檔來源為 :從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯 .歡迎下載支持 .other models in the system After searching， calculating and reasoning fromthe heat treatment database,procedure for heat treatment， which is restrictedby

33、geometric model,manufacture model for die and mould and by cost and property ，is obtained If the restriction is disobeyed ， the system will send out the interpretative warning All design cells are connected by communication network3.3 Management and harmony among membersThe complexityof die andmould

34、requirescloselycooperatingamongitem groupsBecause each member is short of global consideration for die andmould development， they need to be managed and harmonized Firstly,eachitem group should define its own control condition and resource requested,andlearn ofthe requestof up-and-down workingproced

35、urein orderto avoidconflict Secondly ， development planshouldbemadeoutandmonitormechanismshouldbeestablished Theobstructioncan be dulyexcluded incase the development is hinderedAgile management and harmony redound to communicating information，increasing efficiency，and reducing redundancy Meanwhile i

36、t is beneficial forexciting creativity ， clearing conflict and making the best of resourceConclusionsHeat treatment CAD CAE has been integrated into concurrent design for die and mould and heat treatment is graphed,which can increaseefficiency， easily discover problems and clear conflicts(2) Die and

37、 mould development is performed on the same platformWhenthe heat treatment process is made out ， designers can obtain correlative information and transfer self-information to other design departments on the platform (3) Making out correct development schedule and adjusting it in time canenormously s

38、horten the development period and reduce costReferences ：文檔來源為 :從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word 版本可編輯 .歡迎下載支持 .1ZHOU Xiong-hui，PENG Ying-hongThe Theory and Technique of ModernDie and MouldDesignand ManufactureM Shanghai ： ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity Press 2000(in Chinese)2Kang M ， Park&ComputerIntegratedMoldManufactur

39、ingJ Int JComputer Integrated Manufacturing， 1995 ， 5： 229-239 3Yau H T， Meno C H Concurrent Process Planning for Finishing Millingand DimensionalInspectionofSculpturedSurface in Die and MouldManufacturingJ Int J Product Research ， 1993 ， 31(11) ： 2709 2725 4LI Xiang，ZHOU Xiong-hui，RUAN Xue-yuApplic

40、ation of Injection MoldCollaborativeManufacturingSystemJ JournaIof ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity ， 2000 ， 35(4) ： 1391-13945KuzmanK ， NardinB ， KovaeM ,eta1 TheIntegrationof RapidPrototypingandCAEinMouldManufacturingJ J MaterialsProcessingTechnology ， 2001 ， 111： 279 285 6LI Xiong， ZHANG Hong bing ， RU

41、AN Xue-yu， et a1 Heat TreatmentProcess Design Oriented Based on Concurrent EngineeringJ Journal of Ironand Steel Research， 2002 ， 14(4) ： 26 29 文獻出處：LIXiong,ZHANGHong-bing,RUANXue yu,LUOZhong hua,ZHANGYan .HeatTreatment ofDie and MouldOrientedConcurrentDesignJ .Journal ofIronandSteelResearch ， 2006,

42、13(1):40-43， 74模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計摘要 ：在一系列方式中，傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計方法存在許多缺點。眾所周知,熱處理對模具起著非常重要的作用。為了克服模具熱處理工藝存在的缺 點，一 種新 的模 具熱 處理 工藝 并行 設(shè)計方 法已 經(jīng)被 開發(fā) 出來了。熱處 理 CAD/CAE 技術(shù)是 集成 了并 行環(huán) 境和有 關(guān)模 型而 建立 的 。這些調(diào)查研究可以顯著提高效率，降低成本，并保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量達到 R和級。關(guān)鍵詞 ： 模具設(shè)計；熱處理 ；模 具傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計主要是依照自身實踐經(jīng)驗或依照部分實踐經(jīng)驗，而不是制造工藝。在 設(shè)計完成之前，模具方案通常要被一次又一次的改進，于是文檔來源為 :從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收

43、集整理.word 版本可編輯 .歡迎下載支持 .有些缺點便出現(xiàn)，例如開發(fā)時期長，成本高和實際效果不明顯。由 于對精確性、使用壽命、開發(fā)期和費用的嚴格要求，先進的模具要求設(shè)計和制造得十分完善。因此越來越先進的技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新方法被應(yīng)用其中，例如并行工程、敏捷制造業(yè)、虛擬制造業(yè)、協(xié)同合作設(shè)計等。模具 的熱 處理 與模 具設(shè)計 ，制造和 裝配 同 樣重 要。因為 它對 模具的制造裝配和使用壽命又及其重要的影響。模具設(shè)計與制造發(fā)展十分迅速，但是熱處理發(fā)展卻嚴重滯后它們。隨 著模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展，熱處理必須保證模具有良好的制造裝配和磨損耐熱性能。不切實際的熱處理將導(dǎo)致模具材料過硬或過軟，同時影響模具裝配性能。傳統(tǒng)

44、的熱處理工藝是按照設(shè)計師提出的方法和特性制作出來的。這樣會使模具設(shè)計師和熱處理工藝師意見產(chǎn)生分歧，而模具設(shè)計師卻不能充分地了解熱處理工藝和材料的性能，相反熱處理工藝師卻很少了解模具的使用環(huán)境和設(shè)計思路。這些分歧將在很大程度上影響模具的發(fā)展。因此，如果把熱處理工藝設(shè)計放在設(shè)計階段之前，則縮短開發(fā)周期，減少花費和保證質(zhì)量等目標將會被考慮，而且從串行到并行的發(fā)展模式也將會實現(xiàn)。并行 工程 是以 計算 機集成 系統(tǒng) 作為 載體 ，在開 始以 后，每個 階段和因素都被看作如制造、熱處理、性能等等，以避免出現(xiàn)錯誤。并行模式已經(jīng)摒除了串行模式的缺陷，由此帶來了一場對串行模式的革命。在當(dāng) 前的 工作 中，熱

45、處理 被集 成到 了模 具 開發(fā) 的并 行環(huán) 境中 ，同時也正在進行這種系統(tǒng)性和深入性的研究。熱處理下的并行環(huán)境并行 模式 與串 行模 式存在 根本 的不 同（見 圖 1）。對于 串行 模式，設(shè) 計者大多考慮的是模具的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能，但很難考慮相關(guān)的工藝，以致前者的錯誤很容易蔓延到后面。與此同時，設(shè)計本門很少與裝配，預(yù)算會計和銷售部門溝通。這些問題當(dāng)然會影響模具的開發(fā)進度和市場前景。然 而在并行模式中，不但以上部門關(guān)系聯(lián)系密切，所有參加模具開發(fā)的部門都與買家有密切的交流。這有助于協(xié)調(diào)各部門消除矛盾，提高工作效率，同時降低成 本。(a)(b)(a) 串 行 模 式（ b ） 并 行 模 式圖 1.基

46、于摸具開發(fā)的串行工程與并行工程系統(tǒng)框架示意圖文檔來源為 :從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯 .歡迎下載支持 .并行環(huán)境下的熱處理工藝不是在方案和工件確定以后，而是在模具設(shè)計的時候制定出來的。這 樣的話，將有利于優(yōu)化熱處理工藝，充分利用材料。模具熱處理 CAD/CAE一體化從圖 2 中可以看出，熱處理工藝的設(shè)計與模擬是一體化模式的核心。在信息輸入產(chǎn)品模塊中后，經(jīng)熱處理工藝過程產(chǎn)生的熱處理 CAD 和熱處理 CAE 模塊將對于零件圖，熱處理以后模擬溫度場的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析和可能出現(xiàn)的缺陷（例如過熱，燒傷）自動劃分網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果優(yōu)化是根據(jù)立體視覺技術(shù)的結(jié)果重新出現(xiàn)，則這項熱處理工藝已經(jīng)被審核。而且工具與

47、夾具的CAD 和 CAE 也集成 于這 種系 統(tǒng)中。圖 2.并行工程熱處理 CAD/CAE一體化系統(tǒng)框架示意圖以并 行工 程為 基礎(chǔ) 的集成 模式 可以 與其 它類似 模式 共享 信息 。這樣使熱處理工藝得到優(yōu)化，并確保改工藝準確。2.1 采用三維模型和立體視覺技術(shù)的熱處理在形 成模 具的 基礎(chǔ) 上，材 料，結(jié)構(gòu) 和尺 寸的問 題能 通過 熱處 理三維模型盡快發(fā)現(xiàn)出來。在熱處理過程中，模具加熱條件和相變條件是切合實際的，因為通過計算相變熱力、相變動力、相應(yīng)力、熱應(yīng)力、傳熱速度、流體動力等已經(jīng)取得重要突破。例如，能進行局部復(fù)雜表面和不對稱模具的三維熱傳導(dǎo)模型計算，和能進行微觀結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變的 MARC 軟件模型 。計算機能夠在任何時間提交溫度，微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)力的信息，并通過連接溫度場微觀結(jié)構(gòu)領(lǐng)域和力場來顯示三維形式的全部改變過程。如果再加上這種特性，則各部分性能都能通過計算機預(yù)見。2.2 熱處理工藝設(shè)計由于 對強 度和 硬度 ，表面 粗糙 度和 模具 熱 處理 變形 的特 殊要 求，淬火介質(zhì)的種類、淬火溫度、回火溫度和時間等參數(shù)特性必須經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇，以及是否使用表面淬火或化學(xué)熱處理，這種