大學(xué)課程英漢對(duì)照分子生物學(xué)導(dǎo)論教學(xué)Chapter1課件

1、Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins1.1 Protein Composition1.2 Protein Conformations1.3 Protein Structure and Function: A Few Examples1.4 The Dynamics of Proteins1.5 Experiments1.1 蛋白質(zhì)的組成1.2 蛋白質(zhì)的構(gòu)象1.3 蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)與 功能：幾個(gè)例子1.4 蛋白質(zhì)動(dòng)力學(xué)1.5 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins第1章 氨基酸到蛋白質(zhì)Life is most directly the

2、 work of proteins. Proteins allow organisms to grow and reproduce. They provide shape, strength and movement. In the cell, proteins are everywhere and do almost everything. 生命幾乎就是蛋白質(zhì)的杰作。蛋白質(zhì)讓生物可以生長和繁殖。它們?yōu)樯锾峁┝送庑魏土α浚约斑\(yùn)動(dòng)功能。在細(xì)胞中，蛋白質(zhì)無處不在，行使著幾乎任何功能。1.1 Protein Composition / 蛋白質(zhì)的組成9623The twenty amino aci

3、ds and their abbreviationStructures of hydrophobic amino acidsStructures of the hydrophilic amino acidsStructures of the 20 common amino acidsNegative chargePositive chargeThe formation of a peptide bondPartial double bond / 部分雙鍵Partial double bondRigid and flexible bonds3D structureN-terminus and C

4、-terminus / N-末端和C-末端1.2 Protein Conformations / 1.2 蛋白質(zhì)的構(gòu)象1.2.1 Describing Protein Structure1.2.2 Chemical and Physical Basis for Protein Folding1.2.1 描述蛋白質(zhì) 的結(jié)構(gòu)1.2.2 蛋白質(zhì)折疊的 化學(xué)和物理基礎(chǔ)1.2.1 Describing Protein Structure helix / 螺旋Hydrogen bond sheet / 折疊Hydrogen bondParallel and antiparallel sheetsTerti

5、ary structure / 三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)helix sheetTurnQuaternary structure / 四級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)One subunitPhysical interactions involved in protein folding1) Covalent bonding2) Hydrogen bonding3) Ionic bonding4) Van der Waals forces5) Hydrophobic interaction1.2.2 Chemical and Physical Basis for Protein Folding1) Covalent bond / 共價(jià)鍵

6、SharedelectronsHHH+1H+1+1+1Covalent bondCovalent bond / 共價(jià)鍵Covalent bondCovalent bond / 共價(jià)鍵Covalent bond2) Hydrogen bond / 氫鍵Hydrogen bondHydrogen bond / 氫鍵Hydrogen bond3) Ionic bond / 離子鍵The ionic bond of sodium chloride, NaClNa+11Cl+17Partial charges vs. Full chargesCl+NaIonic bond / 離子鍵GluLys4) V

7、an der Waals forces / 范德華力Atom 1Atom 2van der Waals force5) Hydrophobic interaction?Nonpolar molecules are forced togetherWater molecules get contacts with each other.Hydrophobic interaction / 疏水相互作用1.3 Protein Structure and Functioncarbonic anhydraseStructure adaptive to functionKinesin / 驅(qū)動(dòng)蛋白1.4 The Dynamics of ProteinsInduced-fit vs. lock-and-key modelsATP synthetase / ATP合成酶Allosteric regulation / 別構(gòu)調(diào)節(jié)lac repressor / lac阻遏蛋