賓語從句基本用法完整版共28張課件

1、賓語從句基本用法嘉陵區(qū)石樓小學(xué)羅朝倫賓語從句基本用法嘉陵區(qū)石樓小學(xué)一、賓語從句的概念 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過名詞、動名詞、代詞或不定式形式都可以作賓語。如： I have a book. My brother bought it . I like reading the book. I want to remember it . 這時賓語可以用一個單詞或短語表達(dá)，我們就直接把該單詞或短語放置于動詞后面做賓語。 但是，如果要表達(dá)“我知道你昨天去看電影了”，就無法用一個單詞來表達(dá)“你昨天去看電影了”，這是一個完整的句子，只能用句子表達(dá)，即： I know (that ) you saw a movie ye

2、sterday. 這種放在動詞后面作賓語的句子，就叫做賓語從句。一、賓語從句的概念 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過名 二、賓語從句三要素連接詞語 序時 態(tài) 二、賓語從句三要素連接詞（一）連接詞1. that 引導(dǎo)2. whether / if 引導(dǎo)3. 由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 .（一）連接詞1. that 引導(dǎo)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 （原句是陳述句）注：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略e.g. I hope (that) _. （今年冬天能下雪）He said

3、(that) _. （他非常想念我們）The teacher told us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)） it will snow this winter he missed us very much the earth goes around the sun由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由從屬連詞whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（原句是一般疑問句）1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）2. Ask him _.（他是否能來）3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） if /whether he will go to the park

4、 with us whether /if he can come whether it is going to rain or not由從屬連詞whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1. I w注意:只用whether不用if的四種情況1. 在帶to的動詞不定式前He doesnt know whether to go to the movies or to watch TV at home.2. 在介詞后Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.3. 直接與or not連用時I dont know whether I have seen him

5、or not.4. 句子開頭一定用whetherWhether this is true or not, I cant say.注意:只用whether不用if的四種情況1. 在帶to的動練習(xí)1.Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.(改為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句)Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _here yesterday.2. Is Lingling a student? I dont know. I dont know _ or not.3. 我不知道明天是否會下雨。 I dont know _ o

6、r not.whether/if camewhether Lingling is a studentwhether it will rain torrow練習(xí)whether/if camewhether Lingl由連接代詞what, whom, whose, which, what及連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1. He asked _. (誰能回答這個問題）2. Do you know_. （他們在等誰）3. He asked _. （誰的書法是班上最好的）4. Please tell me _.（我們什么時候開會）5. Can you tell me

7、 _? （他在哪兒）6. Could you tell me _? （我該怎么去車站）7. Would you tell me _?（為什么火車遲到了） who could answer the question who(m) they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late由連接代詞what, whom, whose, which,（二）語

8、序：陳述句語序在賓語從句中一定要用陳述句語序。 We dont know what he said? (他說的什么)（二）語序：陳述句語序 We dont kno把一個特殊疑問句放在賓語從句中，我們要做好兩步：1.移。就是把特殊疑問句中的特殊疑問詞移到句子中來;2.變。就是把特殊疑問詞后面的一般疑問句變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。e.g. How can I get to the park? I dont know.首先，我們把主句找出來，即：I dont know.那么接下來是：我不知道什么呢？后面就需要一個賓語從句，而后面的句子是以特殊疑問詞 How 來引導(dǎo)，所以，第一步把特殊疑問詞移下來變?yōu)椋?I d

9、ont know how.第二步看剩下的部分： can I get to the park?是一個一般疑問句，要變成陳述句，即把主語放到前面：I can get to the park.那么這句話就變成了：I dont know how I can get to the park.把一個特殊疑問句放在賓語從句中，我們要做好兩步： 練習(xí) 1. Where is Tony from? I dont know. _ 2. How old is Lingling ? Miss Li wants to know. _ 3. When will my father come back? I cant te

10、ll you. _ 4. Where is the bus stop ? The man asks. _I dont knowwhereTony is from.Miss Li wants to knowhow oldLingling is .I cant tell youwhenmy father will come back.The man askswherethe bus stop is . 練習(xí)I dont knowwhereTony is f （三）賓語從句中的時態(tài)1. 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時的時候，賓語從句可以用所需要的任何時態(tài)。e.g.I know he is a teacher.

11、I know he was a teacher three years ago. I know he was been a teacher for 3 years. I know he will be a teacher in the future. （三）賓語從句中的時態(tài) 2. 主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句一般只能用過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時， 過去進(jìn)行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時）. e.g. He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. I said I was reading a book at that moment. He sa

12、id he would go home. 2. 主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句一般只能用過去的某種3. 當(dāng)賓語從句所陳述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象或一般真理時，即使主句用了過去時，從句仍用 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 e.g. The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.3. 當(dāng)賓語從句所陳述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象或一般真理時，即 將下列句子合并為一句: 1. “Where is Tom?” They asked. 2. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 3. “ I am doing

13、my homework.” He said. 4. “I will come back.” Tom said. They asked He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.whereTom was. 將下列句子合并為一句:They asked He ask1could / would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用不同時態(tài)。注意一Could you please te

14、ll me where we show our tickets ?Would you like to know when he will come back ?1could / would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect等時，從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。I dont think she is right.我認(rèn)為她不對。我相信他不會通過考試。注意二：否定轉(zhuǎn)移I dont believe he will pass the exam.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppo例題解析1. Miss Gree

15、n didnt tell us _ in 2019. A. where does she live B. Where she livesC. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和時態(tài)，所以應(yīng)選D。2.Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the gam

16、e 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。主句用的實(shí)際上是現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句在這個句子里應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和一般過去時。例題解析1. Miss Green didnt tell 例題解析3. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。只有B在語序和時態(tài)上符合要求。4. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was bo

17、rn in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和上下文的意思的連貫性。只有C符合要求。例題解析3. I dont know when _例題解析5 Could you tell me ? AMrs. King where lives B.where does Mrs. King liveCwhere Mrs. King lives D.Mrs. King lives where答案 C. 析 賓語從句

18、中的疑問句要用陳述語序。6 - Can you tell me ? Sure,Shes a nurseAwho is your sister Bwho your sister is Cwhat is your sister Dwhat your sister is答案 D. 析 who 問的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my father .What 問的是職業(yè)，如： What is he?/what does he do? He is a teacher.7 Could you tell me ?Awhen the train will arri

19、ve Bwhen the train arrived Cwhen did the train arrive Dwhen does the train arrives答案 A. 析 could 用于現(xiàn)在時疑問句表達(dá)了口氣的委婉，并不是過去時態(tài)。且賓語從句要用陳述語句。例題解析5 Could you tell me ?例題解析8.I dont know to read the wordAwhich Bwhat Cwhose Dhow答案 D. 析 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物動詞，已有自己的賓語 the word， 所以應(yīng)用疑問副詞 how。9 . I wonder Awhos

20、e bicycle is it Bit is whose bicycleCis it whose bicycle Dwhose bicycle it is答案 D.析 wonder 后的賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序。例題解析 1.Could you tell me we get to the place? Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 2.The teacher saysshe will leave a message on the headmasters desk. Aif Bwho Cthat Dwhat 3.I am not sure _ he will come tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. who 4.-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. ifAC解題指導(dǎo)一：判斷語義，選擇連接詞Exercises:BA AC解題指導(dǎo)一：判斷語義，選擇連接詞Exercises5.Do you know how much hot water?AMum is neededBdoes Mum needCMum