《翻譯技巧增譯法》課件

1、Amplification in Translation增譯法1. Lexical Amplification（從詞匯上考慮的增詞）2. Syntactical Amplification （從句法結(jié)構(gòu)上考慮的增詞）3. Cultural Amplification （從文化上考慮的增詞）4. Rhetorical Amplification （從修辭上考慮）1. Lexical Amplification1.1 增加動(dòng)詞1.2 增加名詞1.3 增加概括詞1.4 增加副詞1.5 增加量詞1.6 增加表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)的詞1.7 增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞1. 1 增加動(dòng)詞1)In the evening, aft

2、er the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.晚上在參加宴會(huì)、出席音樂(lè)會(huì)、觀看乒乓球表演之后，他還得起草最后的公報(bào)。2) She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 譯文一：她覺(jué)得手里和唇上都是花兒，胸中也生長(zhǎng)著花兒。譯文二：她覺(jué)得她好像手里拿著花，嘴里吻著花，連胸中也生出了花。1. Reading

3、 makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 讀書(shū)使人充實(shí),討論使人機(jī)智,筆記（寫(xiě)作）使人準(zhǔn)確。2. We dont regret, we never have and never will. 我們不會(huì)后悔，我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有后悔過(guò)，我們將來(lái)也不會(huì)后悔。3. After the basketball, he still has an important conference. 看完籃球比賽之后，他還有一個(gè)重要會(huì)議要參加。課內(nèi)練習(xí)1. 2 增加名詞 a. 在抽象名詞后面增加名詞1）We have made so

4、me achievements, and we must guard against complacency. 我們?nèi)〉昧艘恍┏煽?jī)，但還要防止自滿情緒。2）Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用會(huì)使鋼鐵生銹。b. 在具體名詞后面增加名詞當(dāng)具體名詞表達(dá)某種抽象概念時(shí)，在譯文中也常常需要根據(jù)上下文增加一些適當(dāng)?shù)拿~。 1) Heallowedthefather to be overruled by the judge，and declared his own son guilty。 他讓法官的職責(zé)戰(zhàn)勝父子的私情，而判決他兒子有罪。 2) In

5、the future, automation may enable human beings to enjoy far more leisure than they do today. 將來(lái)自動(dòng)化可能使人類享受到比今天更多的空閑時(shí)間。c. 在形容詞前面增加名詞 This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. 這部新型電腦真是價(jià)廉物美。He is a complicated man-moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一個(gè)性格復(fù)雜的人喜怒無(wú)常，反復(fù)多變，有些憂郁寡歡。d. 在不及物動(dòng)詞

6、后面增加名詞英語(yǔ)中的某些動(dòng)詞在用作不及物動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，雖然后面并沒(méi)有帶賓語(yǔ)，但賓語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是隱含在動(dòng)詞后面的。所以在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往要把隱含的賓語(yǔ)翻譯出來(lái)。 1）Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天來(lái)干活掃地、擦地板、收拾房間。2）I could knit when I was seven. 我7歲時(shí)就會(huì)織毛衣。課內(nèi)練習(xí)1. First you borrow, then you beg. 頭一遭借錢(qián)，下一遭就討飯。2. Mary washed for a living after her husba

7、nd died of cancer. 瑪麗的丈夫癌癥去世后，就靠洗衣服維持生活。3. He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. 他吃了 點(diǎn)東西，喝了點(diǎn)酒，因?yàn)樗v不堪了。4. That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine. 那件黑夾克真是價(jià)廉物美。5. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 他滿臉皺紋，皮膚黝黑，頭發(fā)灰白稀疏。6. A new kind of carsmall, cheapis attracting increasing attention

8、. 一種新型轎車正越來(lái)越引起人們的注意這種轎車體積小，價(jià)錢(qián)便宜。7. His arrogance made everyone dislike him. 他的傲慢態(tài)度使誰(shuí)也不喜歡他。8. After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.一切準(zhǔn)備工作就緒以后， 飛機(jī)就飛越美國(guó)去了舊金山。1. 3 增加概括詞概括詞是英漢兩種語(yǔ)言所共有的，但有時(shí)英語(yǔ)句子中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)概括詞，而翻譯的時(shí)候卻往往可以加入“兩人”、“雙方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此種種”等概括詞，同時(shí)省略掉英語(yǔ)中

9、的連接詞。1. Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，grow，and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. 與大多數(shù)野生動(dòng)物一樣，鹿在營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富、食物充足的夏秋兩季，繁殖、生長(zhǎng)儲(chǔ)存脂肪。 2. The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 這個(gè)大廳有四大優(yōu)點(diǎn)：寬敞、明亮、樣式新穎、沒(méi)有回聲。試譯：They talked abo

10、ut wage, price and inflation.他們談及工資、物價(jià)、通貨膨脹等問(wèn)題。1. 4 增加副詞有些動(dòng)詞根據(jù)原文的上下文可以增加適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~，以確切表示原意。1）As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下來(lái)就講開(kāi)了，滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒(méi)完。2）The crowds melted away. 人群漸漸地散開(kāi)了。試譯：She lingered long over his letter.她反反復(fù)復(fù)地回味著他的來(lái)信。1. 5增加量詞英語(yǔ)中數(shù)詞與可數(shù)名詞往往可以直接連用，不用加量詞。而漢語(yǔ)往往要加入量詞。1）A red su

11、n rose slowly from the calm sea. 一輪紅日從平靜的海面冉冉升起。2) Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon. 一彎新月漸漸隱沒(méi)在朦朧的云層里去了。課內(nèi)練習(xí)1. A stream was winding its way through the valley into the Dadu river. 一彎溪水蜿蜒流過(guò)山谷，匯合到大渡河去了。2. This was a complicate lie， too. 這也純粹是一派胡言。3. Once, they had a quarrel. 有一次，他們爭(zhēng)吵了一番

12、。4. Seeing is believing. 百聞不如一見(jiàn)。5. The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary. 萬(wàn)變不離其宗。1. 6增加表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)的詞增加重疊詞表示復(fù)數(shù)1）Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鮮花開(kāi)滿了庭院。2）There were rows of houses which he had never seen before. 一排排的房子，都是他從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)的。1.7 增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞 a強(qiáng)調(diào)某種時(shí)間概念1. The old man had taught the b

13、oy to fish and the boy loved him. 原來(lái)，是那位老人已經(jīng)教會(huì)了孩子捕魚(yú)，所以孩子很愛(ài)他。2. I had never thought Id be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. 以前我從未想過(guò)，當(dāng)我發(fā)覺(jué)人們認(rèn)為我無(wú)足輕重時(shí)，我會(huì)感到高興。但這次情況的確如此。b. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上的對(duì)比1. It was said that his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)，從前他爸爸是個(gè)打魚(yú)的。

14、他過(guò)去也許跟我們現(xiàn)在一樣窮。2. I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的獲釋也有他的功勞。對(duì)此我過(guò)去很感激，現(xiàn)在仍然很感激。2. Syntactical Amplification (從句法結(jié)構(gòu)上考慮的增詞)2.1 增補(bǔ)原文中省略的動(dòng)詞2.2 增補(bǔ)原文比較句中的省略部分2.3 增補(bǔ)原文回答句中的省略部分2.4 增補(bǔ)表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)2. 1 增補(bǔ)原文中省略的動(dòng)詞Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為能，能

15、也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為物質(zhì)。 Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇敢過(guò)度即成愚勇，感情過(guò)度即成溺愛(ài)，節(jié)儉過(guò)度即成貪婪。 A government of and by and for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive. 一個(gè)為剝削階級(jí)所占有，由剝削階級(jí)所組成并為剝削階級(jí)服務(wù)的政府是不可能存在下去的。 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis

16、Bacon) 讀書(shū)足以怡情，足以博采，足以長(zhǎng)才2. 2增補(bǔ)原文比較句中的省略部分1) This is true of nations as it is of individuals. 國(guó)家是這樣，個(gè)人也是這樣。2）Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 從別人的失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)更好。3）The footman were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人們?cè)敢夥趟?，就像他們?cè)敢夥趟麄兊呐魅艘粯印?.3 增補(bǔ)原文回答

17、句中的省略部分1）Is this your wallet ? Yes, it is. 這是你的錢(qián)包嗎？是我的。2）Dont you want Mr. Smith to be your tutor ? Yes, of course I do. 你不想讓史密斯先生當(dāng)你的導(dǎo)師嗎？我當(dāng)然想。2.4 增補(bǔ)表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. 即使是最強(qiáng)有力的人也不能改變自然法則I am in charge of the depot, only I. People will hold me responsible but no

18、t you. 只有我一個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)管理這個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)，出了事情別人找我，找不到你。More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially. 如果測(cè)試更為徹底，也許一開(kāi)始就能找出故障。Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed. 準(zhǔn)備工作完成不了，那可怎么辦？3. Cultural Amplification (從文化上考慮的增詞)3.1增加比喻的喻意3.2增加背景信息3. 1增加比喻的喻意Every family is said to have at least one sk

19、eleton in the cupboard. 俗話說(shuō)，衣柜里面藏骷髏，見(jiàn)不得人的事家家有。 Advice and correction roll off him like water off a ducks back. 勸導(dǎo)對(duì)他好像水過(guò)鴨背似的不起作用。3.2增加背景信息The United States has now set up a loneliness industry. 美國(guó)現(xiàn)在已建立了一種為孤獨(dú)的人們服務(wù)的社會(huì)項(xiàng)目。The blond boy quickly crossed himself. 那個(gè)金發(fā)小男孩立刻在胸前劃十字，祈求上帝保佑。4. Rhetorical Amplifi

20、cation （從修辭上考慮）漢語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣助詞很多，如“的” “吧”、“啊” 、“呀” “嘛”、“嗎” 、“啦” 、“了”、 “罷了”、“而已”等等。不同的語(yǔ)氣助詞可以表示不同的含義。在英譯漢時(shí)，增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)氣助詞可以更好地表達(dá)英語(yǔ)原文的含義和修辭色彩。另外，為了使譯文更加生動(dòng)通順，譯者也可以增加無(wú)損原意的四字詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞組和疊詞。 4.1增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)氣助詞可以更好地表達(dá)英語(yǔ)原文的含義和修辭色彩；4.2增加四字詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞組或疊詞。4.1 增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)氣助詞可以更好地表達(dá)英語(yǔ)原文的含義和修辭色彩。 Dont take it seriously. Its only a jok

21、e. 不要認(rèn)真嘛！這不過(guò)是開(kāi)個(gè)玩笑而已。 As I snooze, she talks of anything, everything, all the things that women talk of: books, music, dress, men, other women. 我這邊打著盹，她那里說(shuō)著女人愛(ài)說(shuō)的一切，什么書(shū)籍啦、音樂(lè)啦、服裝啦、男人啦、別的女人啦，五花八門(mén)，包羅萬(wàn)象。試譯：1. As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning. 我呢，從一開(kāi)始就不贊成。2. They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated. 那雙眼睛啊，像海水一樣的藍(lán)，令人愉快，毫不沮喪4.2 增