高考英語(yǔ)-語(yǔ)法專題構(gòu)詞法課件

1、第二部分高考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥構(gòu)詞法2021屆高考第一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題 10第二部分構(gòu)詞法2021屆高考第一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題 10 目錄1命題深度解讀23應(yīng)試能力點(diǎn)撥語(yǔ)法必備知識(shí)4高考變式訓(xùn)練 目錄1命題深度解讀23應(yīng)試能力點(diǎn)撥語(yǔ)法必備知識(shí)4高考變式 命題深度解讀 題型分類典型例題命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空1.(2019全國(guó),62)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly (poor) studied.2.(2019全國(guó),70)We are so proud of

2、her. Its wonderful (wonder).3.(2019全國(guó),66)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.4.(2018全國(guó),69)Running is cheap, easy and its always energetic(energy).語(yǔ)法填空中主要考查:1.給出名詞,填寫(xiě)形容詞;2.給出形

3、容詞,填寫(xiě)副詞或名詞;3.給出動(dòng)詞,填寫(xiě)名詞或形容詞題型分類典型例題命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空1.(2019全國(guó),62題型分類典型例題命題解讀短文改錯(cuò)1.(2019全國(guó))What I want is not just an ordinarilyordinary cafe but a very special one.2.(2019全國(guó))I became interestinginterested in playing football thanks to a small accident.3.(2019全國(guó))To everyones surprisingsurprise, the ball went i

4、nto the net.4.(2018全國(guó))Immediateimmediately, I raised my hand.1.形容詞和副詞的錯(cuò)用;2.以“-ed”與以“-ing”結(jié)尾的形容詞的錯(cuò)用;3.形容詞和名詞的錯(cuò)用（續(xù)表）題型分類典型例題命題解讀短文改錯(cuò)1.(2019全國(guó))Wh 應(yīng)試能力點(diǎn)撥 構(gòu)詞法與語(yǔ)法填空構(gòu)詞法與短文改錯(cuò)1.動(dòng)詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,如果所給單詞是其他詞類,就要將其改為名詞,并注意名詞數(shù)的變化;2.動(dòng)詞、介詞后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,如果所給單詞為動(dòng)詞,就要看該動(dòng)詞是否有名詞形式,如果有名詞形式,就用其名詞形式;如果該動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有名詞形式,就用其動(dòng)名

5、詞形式;3.動(dòng)詞前后、形容詞前后可有副詞。如果所需詞為副詞時(shí),還要考慮副詞比較級(jí)的變化;4.在名詞前作定語(yǔ),在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ),以及作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),通常要用形容詞。如果所需詞為形容詞時(shí),還要考慮形容詞比較級(jí)的變化1.注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法,這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)題的?？键c(diǎn);2.v-ed和v-ing形式在句子中的錯(cuò)用構(gòu)詞法與語(yǔ)法填空構(gòu)詞法與短文改錯(cuò)1.動(dòng)詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代 語(yǔ)法必備知識(shí) 考點(diǎn)一形容詞變副詞后綴變化形式例詞一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”quickquickly;fluentfluently;stupidstupidly少數(shù)以“-e”結(jié)尾的形容詞,要去掉“e”再加“

6、ly”;絕大多數(shù)以輔音字母加“e”結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加“l(fā)y”truetruly;politepolitely;widewidely;wisewisely;nicenicely考點(diǎn)一形容詞變副詞后綴變化形式例詞一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”q變化形式例詞以“y”結(jié)尾的,且讀音為 /i/, 先將“y”改成“i”,再加“-ly”; 但是如果讀音為 /a/,則直接加“-ly”happyhappily;heavyheavily;angryangrily;busybusily;drydryly;shyshyly以“-ic”結(jié)尾的詞,加“-ally”economiceconomically;basicbasica

7、lly(例外:publicpublicly)以輔音字母加“-le”結(jié)尾時(shí),去e加y;以元音字母加“-le”結(jié)尾時(shí),直接加“-ly”simplesimply;terribleterribly;gentlegently;possiblepossibly;probableprobably;solesolely(例外:wholewholly)（續(xù)表）變化形式例詞以“y”結(jié)尾的,且讀音為 /i/, 先將“y”改.單句填空1.(2019浙江,語(yǔ)法填空)When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drive

8、rs can (easy) see them.2.But such a small thing couldnt (possible)destroy a village.3.He sat down and started (gentle) talking to the dog.4.(similar),when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool,he forgot to return it,too.possiblyeasilygentlySimilarly.單句填空possibly

9、easilygentlySim.單句改錯(cuò)1.Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies,but students themselves think different.2.She tore up the letter angry and threw it into the dustbin.angryangrilydifferentdifferently.單句改錯(cuò)angryangrilydifferentd考點(diǎn)二形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshort shortage不

10、足;短缺-cyefficient efficiency效率;功效fluent fluency流利;流暢accurate accuracy準(zhǔn)確性private privacy隱私;私密考點(diǎn)二形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshort sho（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-domfree freedom自由;自主wise wisdom明智;智慧-nessweak weakness虛弱;弱點(diǎn)kind kindness仁慈;好意careless carelessness粗心大意dark darkness黑暗（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-domfree freedom自由;自主后綴例詞-thstrong strength力氣;

11、強(qiáng)項(xiàng)warm warmth溫暖;熱情true truth真相;真理wide width寬度-y-ty-itydifficult difficulty困難cruel cruelty殘酷;殘暴safe safety安全disable disability無(wú)能;殘疾responsible responsibility責(zé)任（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-thstrong strength力氣;強(qiáng)項(xiàng)-y.單句填空1.That little act of (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good-but it made me feel the best of all!2.My

12、English improved a lot;more importantly,I gained much (confident).3.Annan will be remembered for his ability and his (warm).單句改錯(cuò)We fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation.confidencekindnesswarmthstrongstrength.單句填空confidencekindnesswarmth考點(diǎn)三動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的后綴后綴例詞

13、-ableacceptacceptable可接受的 comfortcomfortable舒適的fashionfashionable時(shí)髦的 suitsuitable合適的reasonreasonable有道理的-albenefitbeneficial有益的 musicmusical音樂(lè)的originoriginal最初的 personpersonal個(gè)人的;私人的centercentral中央的;中心的 naturenatural自然的;天生的formformal正式的 nationnational全國(guó)的考點(diǎn)三動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的后綴后綴例詞-ableaccept（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-fuldoub

14、tdoubtful懷疑的 forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的 hopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的 carecareful細(xì)心的useuseful有用的 successsuccessful成功的helphelpful有幫助的-(e)dscarescared感到恐懼的 confuseconfused感到困惑的puzzlepuzzled迷惑的 worryworried擔(dān)心的beardbearded有胡須的 talenttalented有才能的underlineunderlined加下劃線的balancebalanced均衡的（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-

15、fuldoubtdoubtful懷疑的 （續(xù)表）后綴例詞-ingsurprisesurprising令人驚訝的convinceconvincing令人信服的satisfysatisfying令人滿意的worryworrying令人擔(dān)心的boreboring令人厭煩的-ibleaccessaccessible容易達(dá)到的;容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的;恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-ingsurprisesurprisin（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-iveactactive積極的;活躍的 effecteffective有效的;生效的attractattractive

16、有吸引力的 impressimpressive給人深刻印象的instructinstructive有教育意義的expenseexpensive昂貴的-ouscontinuecontinuous不斷的;持續(xù)的 anxietyanxious憂慮的cautioncautious十分小心的;謹(jǐn)慎的 curiositycurious好奇的humorhumorous幽默的（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-iveactactive積極的;活躍的 （續(xù)表）后綴例詞-sometiretiresome令人厭倦的troubletroublesome麻煩的-ytastetasty美味的;可口的 healthhealthy健康的wea

17、lthwealthy富裕的;豐富的 dirtdirty有灰塵的;臟的rainrainy有雨的 sunsunny陽(yáng)光明媚的cloudcloudy陰天的（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-sometiretiresome令人厭倦（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-erneasteastern東方的;向東的westwestern西方的;向西的-ishchildchildish孩子氣的foolfoolish愚蠢的;可笑的selfselfish自私的-icsciencescientific科學(xué)的economyeconomic經(jīng)濟(jì)的historyhistoric歷史上著名的（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-erneasteastern東方的;向東.單句填空

18、1.(2019浙江,語(yǔ)法填空)School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.2.(2018全國(guó),語(yǔ)法填空)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe)fertilizer consumption.3.The high-speed train that connects the two cities is both fast and _ (c

19、omfort).globaltraditionalcomfortable.單句填空globaltraditionalcomfort4.He was more than just an English teacher,because he also taught me _(use) lessons in life.5.Not only the teachers but also the students find the website_ (benefit).6.(2018浙江,語(yǔ)法填空)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a w

20、eek may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up.beneficialusefulaffordable4.He was more than just an Eng.單句改錯(cuò)1.I dont think its a reason practice for them to behave in that way in our society.2.Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and b

21、alance diet.balancebalancedreasonreasonable.單句改錯(cuò)balancebalancedreasonr考點(diǎn)四動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ion/-sion/-ationcorrectcorrection改正 attractattraction吸引concludeconclusion結(jié)論;結(jié)束 decidedecision決定admitadmission接納;準(zhǔn)許入學(xué) inviteinvitation邀請(qǐng)explainexplanation解釋 expectexpectation期望考點(diǎn)四動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ion/correctco后綴例詞-er/-o

22、rteach teacher老師announceannouncer播音員conduct conductor指揮;售票員-mentpunish punishment懲罰achieveachievement功績(jī);成就argueargument辯論;論據(jù)equip equipment裝備;設(shè)備（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-er/-orteach teacher老師-me（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-ance/-enceappear appearance出現(xiàn);外貌performperformance表演;節(jié)目exist existence存在;生存preferpreference偏愛(ài)-inghear hearing聽(tīng)力;聽(tīng)覺(jué)

23、begin beginning開(kāi)始（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-ance/appear appearan后綴例詞-ure/-turefail failure失敗press pressure壓力mix mixture混合;混合物depart departure離開(kāi);出發(fā)-yrecover recovery恢復(fù);痊愈discoverdiscovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choose choice選擇varyvariety多樣化;種類tendtendency趨向;趨勢(shì)（續(xù)表）后綴例詞-ure/fail failure失敗-yreco.單句填空1.It is necessary to have a physical (exa

24、mine) every year.2.Without (hesitate),I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.單句改錯(cuò)It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your pronounce.hesitationexaminationpronouncepronunciation.單句填空hesitationexaminationpr考點(diǎn)五形容詞、名詞變動(dòng)詞的前綴與后綴前/后綴例詞前綴en-able enable使能夠large

25、enlarge擴(kuò)大rich enrich使充實(shí);使豐富danger endanger危及courage encourage鼓勵(lì)考點(diǎn)五形容詞、名詞變動(dòng)詞的前綴與后綴前/后綴例詞前綴en-a（續(xù)表）前/后綴例詞后綴-enbroad broaden使變寬ripe ripen使成熟sharp sharpen使尖銳wide widen加寬short shorten變短deep deepen加深dark darken使變暗hard harden使變硬（續(xù)表）前/后綴例詞后綴-enbroad broaden使前/后綴例詞后綴-ifyclass classify把分類just justify證明正確simpl

26、e simplify簡(jiǎn)化beauty beautify美化-izeapology apologize道歉emphasisemphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)memorymemorize記住realrealize認(rèn)識(shí)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)（續(xù)表）前/后綴例詞后綴-ifyclass classify把.單句填空1.You should (loose) up your muscles before playing any sport.2.My mother (courage) me and insisted that I continue my education.3.Our government attaches much

27、importance to education now,which_ (able) so many people to be well educated.單句改錯(cuò)1.If you want to live a simple life,you need to simple your mind.2.If you deep your knowledge or understanding of a subject,you will learn more about it and become more interested in it.encouragedloosenenablessimplesimplifydeepdeepen.單句填空encouragedloosenenables考點(diǎn)六表示否定意義或相反意義的前綴與后綴前/后綴例詞dis-agree disagree不同意advantage disadvantage缺點(diǎn)appear disappear消失comfort discomfort不舒適的honest dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的考點(diǎn)六表示否定意義或相反意義的前綴與后綴前/后綴例詞dis-前/后綴例詞il-legal il