課標(biāo)版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)專題十一《推理判斷（試題練）》教與學(xué)

1、高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)PAGE PAGE 37學(xué)好一門外語很重要。專題十一推理判斷探考情 悟真題【考情探究】考卷年份課標(biāo)全國課標(biāo)全國課標(biāo)全國2019第26題,第27題,第31題,第32題第23題,第24題,第26題,第27題,第32題,第34題第25題, 第29題, 第31題, 第34題, 第35題2018第25題,第26題,第28題,第32題,第35題第25題,第27題,第34題第24題, 第26題, 第28題, 第30題, 第34題2017第23題,第24題,第27題,第29題,第30題第24題,第27題,第29題,第30題,第33題,第34題,第35題第24題, 第26題, 第27題,第30題,

2、第31題2016第24題,第26題,第28題,第32題,第33題第26題,第28題,第29題,第33題,第34題第27題,第31題,第33題2015第24題,第28題,第33題,第34題,第35題第21題,第24題,第29題,第30題,第31題考點內(nèi)容要求考生根據(jù)文章所提供的事實及自己的一些常識進行合理的推斷,判斷作者的意圖,人物的動機、目的及性格特征,事件發(fā)生的前因后果等。分析解讀高考推理判斷題主要考查考生:(1)推斷隱含意義的能力。 (2)推斷作者的觀點或態(tài)度的能力。(3)推斷寫作目的的能力。(4)推斷文章出處的能力。(5)推斷上下文內(nèi)容的能力。要求考生在閱讀過程中貫通表面意思和內(nèi)涵,并把

3、已知和未知的信息聯(lián)系起來,以文章所提供的事實為依據(jù),經(jīng)過分析思考而形成一定的觀點。 考生需盡量考慮文中的全部信息和事實,在通盤理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上去領(lǐng)會作者的言外之意,并作出正確的推斷。【五年高考】A組統(tǒng)一命題課標(biāo)卷題組Passage 1(2019課標(biāo)全國,C)詞數(shù):261As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物測量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-s

4、paces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(裝置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(節(jié)奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers app

5、ly to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given acc

6、ess to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 v

7、olunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mos

8、tly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing.C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.2.What makes t

9、he invention of the smart keyboard possible?A.Computers are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A.Itll be environment-friendly

10、.B.Itll reach consumers soon.C.Itll be made of plastics.D.Itll help speed up typing.4.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebook.C.A novel.D.A magazine.答案1.D2.C3.B4.DPassage 2(2019課標(biāo)全國,C)詞數(shù):313Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usual

11、ly $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass aud

12、ience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it mean

13、t newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales

14、were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a pennyusually two or three cents was chargedand some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny pa

15、per” caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企業(yè)) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successfu

16、l papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.1.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.2.What did street sales mean to newspapers?

17、A.They would be priced higher.B.They would disappear from cities.C.They could have more readers.D.They could regain public trust.3.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A.Local politicians.B.Common people.C.Young publishers.D.Rich businessmen.4.What can we say about the birth of the p

18、enny paper?A.It was a difficult process.B.It was a temporary success.C.It was a robbery of the poor.D.It was a disaster for printers.答案1.B2.C3.B4.APassage 3(2019課標(biāo)全國,D)詞數(shù):329Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different s

19、ymbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 025 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In t

20、heir cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the le

21、ft side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the

22、 time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in val

23、uesometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quanti

24、ty is represented in their brains,” Dr. Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”1.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A.They fed them.B.They named them.C.They trained them.D.They measured th

25、em.2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A.By drawing a circle.B.By touching a screen.C.By watching videos.D.By mixing two drinks.3.What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys?A.They could perform basic addition.B.They could understand simple words.C.They could memorize numb

26、ers easily.D.They could hold their attention for long.4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.答案1.C2.B3.A4.DPassage 4(2018課標(biāo)全國,D)詞數(shù):351We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny

27、and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(裝置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,

28、 Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the

29、early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more

30、devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 20

31、07. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1

32、992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解決方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more

33、 on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 1.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.2.Why did

34、 Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desk

35、top computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage 5(2018課標(biāo)全國,C)詞數(shù):368While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new C

36、CTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizewhich is often referred to as the

37、 Nobel Prize in architectureon February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校園) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the

38、 campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲線) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique

39、 view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wangs wo

40、rks show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is

41、 only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.“Today, many Chinese

42、people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial

43、and empty, he said.1.Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are .A.following the latest world trendB.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever beforeD.relying on foreign architects2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B

44、.Its large size.C.Its unique style.D.Its diverse functions.3.What made Wangs architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A.S

45、pread them to the world.B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.D.Recreate them in practice.答案1.B2.C3.D4.DPassage 6(2017課標(biāo)全國,B)詞數(shù):290I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sic

46、k creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(貓頭鷹)on the ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I ex

47、amined the chick(雛鳥)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest saf

48、e and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to

49、start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over an

50、d saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of allLUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1.What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting

51、 injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording

52、.D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.Its unexpected.B.Its beautiful.C.Its humorous.D.Its discouraging.答案1.A2.C3.A4.BPassage 7(2017課標(biāo)全國,D)詞數(shù):288When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,

53、 reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds

54、, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They

55、pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more

56、 serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in

57、effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(親密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our

58、 senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The

59、insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can.A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.Wha

60、t can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwins time were more imaginative.答案1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage 8(2017課標(biāo)全國,B)詞數(shù):274Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at