超聲波基礎(chǔ) v1.0課件

1、超聲波物位計(jì)基礎(chǔ)1Xingeng Li內(nèi)容介紹測(cè)量原理超聲波物位計(jì)的型號(hào)及參數(shù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝注意事項(xiàng)應(yīng)用舉例要求掌握的內(nèi)容 超聲波物位計(jì)的測(cè)量原理 產(chǎn)品的型號(hào)，及相應(yīng)的特點(diǎn)與區(qū)別 主要的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合 根據(jù)實(shí)際的工況進(jìn)行選型ToF 基礎(chǔ)2Xingeng Li超聲波物位計(jì)超聲波物位計(jì)ToF 基礎(chǔ)3Xingeng Li測(cè)量原理測(cè)量原理ToF 基礎(chǔ)4Xingeng Li超聲波基礎(chǔ) 超聲波是頻率超出人耳聽(tīng)覺(jué)的上限（約20kHz）的聲波，是一種聽(tīng)不到的聲波。 在19世紀(jì)末，科學(xué)家就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始對(duì)超聲波進(jìn)行研究了。 早在1794年，意大利的生物學(xué)家 Lazzaro Spallanzani 就已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)蝙蝠是利用一種聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)的

2、聲波來(lái)在黑暗中定位的。20Hz20kHz20MHz次聲波聲波超 聲 波ToF 基礎(chǔ)5Xingeng Li超聲波基礎(chǔ) 超聲波物位測(cè)量所利用的兩個(gè)主要性質(zhì)：超聲波在介質(zhì)中的傳播超聲波在界面上的反射ToF 基礎(chǔ)7Xingeng Li超聲波的傳播 超聲波的傳播依賴于介質(zhì)的存在 氣體、液體或固體 不同介質(zhì)中的傳播速度不同 氣體 液體 固體 超聲波在理想氣體中的傳播速度只受到溫度的影響 現(xiàn)實(shí)中，聲速也會(huì)受到氣壓的影響ToF 基礎(chǔ)8Xingeng Li超聲波的反射 當(dāng)超聲波遇到界面時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生反射 聲阻抗： 聲阻抗主要與介質(zhì)的密度有關(guān) 聲波在密度不同的界面上發(fā)生反射 兩種介質(zhì)的密度差（ ）越大，反射越強(qiáng)ToF

3、基礎(chǔ)10Xingeng Li超聲波的反射 常見(jiàn)介質(zhì)的密度 當(dāng)在空氣中傳播的超聲波遇到液體或固體的表面時(shí)，由于密度差別很大，聲波幾乎全部被反射回去介質(zhì)（液體）密度（kg/m3）汽油700乙醚710石油760酒精790煤油800苯880植物油920水1000介質(zhì)（固體）密度（kg/m3）聚丙烯870聚乙烯900PET樹(shù)脂1400鋁2700煤7000鐵7800銅8900鉛11300空氣：1.23 kg/m3ToF 基礎(chǔ)11Xingeng Li超聲波的產(chǎn)生和接收壓電效應(yīng) 最早由皮埃爾居里和雅克居里兄弟發(fā)現(xiàn) 壓電效應(yīng)：某些物質(zhì)在受到壓力產(chǎn)生變形的時(shí)候，其表面上會(huì)產(chǎn)生積聚的電荷 逆壓電效應(yīng)：在壓電材料表面

4、施加電壓，壓電材料會(huì)產(chǎn)生機(jī)械形變 表面沒(méi)有電荷表面與內(nèi)部的電荷極性相同表面與內(nèi)部的電荷極性相反ToF 基礎(chǔ)12Xingeng Li超聲波探頭結(jié)構(gòu)壓電晶體壓電晶體基底傳感器外殼；將傳感器整體封裝，無(wú)需密封將膜片振動(dòng)與外界隔離聲抗耦合材料ToF 基礎(chǔ)14Xingeng Li超聲波探頭的盲區(qū) 同一塊壓電晶體既負(fù)責(zé)超聲波的發(fā)射，也負(fù)責(zé)接收 因此，在發(fā)射狀態(tài)與接收狀態(tài)之間，需要一段時(shí)間使得壓電晶體從振蕩狀態(tài)恢復(fù)到靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，然后才能開(kāi)始接收反射的超聲波信號(hào) 根據(jù)ToF的原理，這段時(shí)間代表了空間的一段距離，即盲區(qū) 在盲區(qū)內(nèi)，超聲波物位計(jì)是不能進(jìn)行測(cè)量的ToF 基礎(chǔ)15Xingeng Li儀表型號(hào)及參數(shù)儀表型

5、號(hào)及參數(shù)ToF 基礎(chǔ)17Xingeng Li超聲波物位計(jì)的分類 一體化變送器 分體式變送器ToF 基礎(chǔ)18Xingeng Li型號(hào)FMU30 1.5”FMU30 2”FMU40FMU41FMU42FMU43FMU44最大量程 （液體）5m8m5m8m10m15m20m最大量程 （固體）2m3.5m2m3.5m5m7m10m盲區(qū)0.25m0.35m0.25m0.35m0.4m0.6m0.5m精度3mm (0.2)2mm (0.2)4mm (0.2)最大耐溫+60C+80C最大耐壓3 bar2.5 bar輸出420mA HART, PROFIBUS PA, FF一體式超聲波物位計(jì)ToF 基礎(chǔ)19X

6、ingeng Li型號(hào)FDU90FDU91FDU91FFDU92FDU93FDU95FDU96最大量程 （液體）3m10m10m20m25mN/AN/A最大量程 （固體）1.2m5m5m10m15m45m70m盲區(qū)0.07m0.3m0.3m0.4m0.6m0.7m1.6m精度2mm (0.17)最大耐溫+80C+105C+95C+150C最大耐壓4 bar3 bar1.5 bar3 bar防護(hù)等級(jí)IP68分體式超聲波物位計(jì)探頭ToF 基礎(chǔ)20Xingeng Li分體式超聲波物位計(jì)變送器型號(hào)FMU90FMU95探頭數(shù)量2個(gè)10個(gè)輸出420mA HART PROFIBUS DP RelayPROF

7、IBUS DPToF 基礎(chǔ)21Xingeng Li價(jià)格性能Prosonic T兩線，連續(xù)測(cè)量或開(kāi)關(guān)最大測(cè)量距離 7 m價(jià)格低廉Prosonic M兩線或四線最大測(cè)量距離 15 m菜單引導(dǎo)式操作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)顯示可觀察回波曲線帶HART, PA , FF通訊協(xié)議免費(fèi)提供ToF-Tool調(diào)試軟件Prosonic四線分體式最大量程70米可最多配五路繼電器輸出雙通道OCM preprogrammed專門針對(duì)水/污水行業(yè)所設(shè) 計(jì)的功能（明渠、隔柵）可選配HART, DP, RS 485 接口可用COMMUWIN IIE+H 超聲波物位儀表的特點(diǎn)-針對(duì)不同行業(yè)的清晰定位ToF 基礎(chǔ)22Xingeng Li應(yīng)用應(yīng)用T

8、oF 基礎(chǔ)24Xingeng Li超聲波物位計(jì)的特點(diǎn)（相對(duì)于接觸式測(cè)量） 非接觸式測(cè)量 安裝簡(jiǎn)單 不受介質(zhì)粘附的影響 不怕罐內(nèi)的攪拌 測(cè)量距離長(zhǎng)ToF 基礎(chǔ)25Xingeng Li影響測(cè)量的因素信號(hào)強(qiáng)度 超聲波的能量：粘附，冷凝 實(shí)際測(cè)量距離： 傳播中的衰減：粉塵，蒸汽 介質(zhì)表面情況：泡沫、顆粒大小波動(dòng)表面，安息角ToF 基礎(chǔ)27Xingeng Li影響測(cè)量因素聲速 理想氣體中的聲速只和氣體的溫度有關(guān)： 空氣在壓強(qiáng)較低時(shí)近似為理想氣體，無(wú)需壓力補(bǔ)償ToF 基礎(chǔ)28Xingeng Li影響測(cè)量的因素介質(zhì)表面情況（傳播時(shí)間） 介質(zhì)表面情況 平靜表面 波動(dòng)/攪拌 泡沫 固體顆粒 安息角ToF 基礎(chǔ)2

9、9Xingeng Li影響測(cè)量因素虛假回波 罐壁上的障礙物 多重回波ToF 基礎(chǔ)30Xingeng Li安裝注意事項(xiàng)罐頂安裝位置 盲區(qū) 避開(kāi)罐內(nèi)的障礙物/進(jìn)料口 不能裝在罐頂?shù)闹行奶?不能距離罐壁太近 理想安裝位置：距離罐壁1/6直徑ToF 基礎(chǔ)31Xingeng LiLevel measurement in fat/oil mixtureView insideempty tankFMU90Requirements Fat/oil mixture for coating process in food industry Tank with conical ceiling and agitato

10、rHeight 6 m/19.7 ftDiameter 3 m/9.8 ft220 rpm Process temperature 60 C/140 F Ambient temperature 60 C/140 F Atmospheric pressureSolutionProsonic S FMU90 field housing and FDU91 sensorApplicationsFDU91Ultrasonic measurement32Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in yoghurt productionRequirements Tank in t

11、he yoghurt productionwith fruit mix CIP at +135 C/+275 F Pressure abs. 1.5 bar/22 psi Triclamp connectionSolutionProsonic S with fully welded stainless steel sensor FDU91FEmpty tankEchoes from cone 2.55 m/ 8.4 ft1.25 m/4.1 ft 0.55 m1.8 ftApplicationsUltrasonic measurement33Moeller AndreasLevel measu

12、rement in industrial waste water tankRequirements Waste water mixture out of sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, textile color and water Horizontal tankLength 5 m / 16.4 ftDiameter 3.5 m / 11.5 ft Process temperature 2070 C/ 68 158 F Ambient pressureSolutionProsonic S with top-hat rail housing and FDU9

13、1 sensorFDU91ApplicationsUltrasonic measurement34Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in storm water basinRequirements Level measurement in a storm water basinControl and recognition of the overload amount to the sewage treatment plantSolutionProsonic S with FDU91 sensor and mounting angleFlood-proof se

14、nsor according to IP68/NEMA6PApplicationsUltrasonic measurement35Moeller AndreasParshall flumeRequirements 9“ Parshall flumewaste wateratmospheric pressurerelay for flow pulse outputSolutionProsonic S FMU90 transmitter with top-hat rail housing and FDU91 sensorApplicationsUltrasonic measurement36Moe

15、ller AndreasFlow measurement in open channelsRequirementsFlow measurement in an open channelSolutionProsonic S with FDU91 sensorPre-programmed flow curves includedSummation of the flow rate by integrated counterApplicationsUltrasonic measurement37Moeller AndreasScreen control (1)Requirements Control

16、 of the screen by differential level outputsWaste waterAtmospheric pressureSolutionProsonic S FMU90 transmitter and two sensors FDU91in front of screenbehind the screenApplicationsUltrasonic measurement38Moeller AndreasScreen control (2)gridin front of screengridbehind the screenApplicationsUltrason

17、ic measurement39Moeller AndreasScreen control (3)Requirements Screen control in a sewage treatment plantSolutionProsonic S with 2 FDU91 sensorsMeasurement of the different level in front of and behind the screenControl of screen cleaning by relay integrated in the deviceApplicationsUltrasonic measur

18、ement40Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in a pump sumpRequirements Level measurement in a pump sump of an underground hydro-electric power plant Narrow shaft with obstacles Measuring range 5 m / 16.4 ftSolutionProsonic M/T in a plastic sonic guide tube (DN100) clear, big signalsLevel echoApplication

19、sUltrasonic measurement41Moeller AndreasPump controlRequirements Level measurement in a pump shaftControl of pumpMeasurement unaffected by obstacles SolutionProsonic S with sensor FDU9x Control of pumps (up to 6) by integrated relaysApplicationsUltrasonic measurement42Moeller AndreasLevel measuremen

20、t in power plantRequirementLevel monitoring in the raw water production (screen control, level measurement)SolutionInstallation of Prosonic T/M in shaft below bottom gridApplicationsUltrasonic measurement43Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in acid and alkaline tanks (1)Requirement Level measurement i

21、n acid/alkaline tank of a desalination plant (power plant)SolutionProsonic T/M easy and fast commissioningApplicationsUltrasonic measurement44Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in acid and alkaline tanks (2)Requirements Level measurement in viscous pigment solutionMeasuring range 4 m / 13 ftTank with

22、dished bottomAgitator 10 - 30 rpmSolutionProsonic M FMU41Fast and easy commissioning by menu guidanceApplicationsUltrasonic measurement45Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in a twin tankRequirements Level measurement in liquidPolyolStorage tankDiameter approx. 2.4 m / 7.9 ftHeight approx. 3.5 m / 11.5

23、 ft Tank 1Installation in dome ceilingTank 2: Bypass installation (DN100)SolutionProsonic MFast and easy commissioning by menu guidanceApplicationsTank 1Tank 2Ultrasonic measurement46Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in a reservoirRequirement Level measurement in a process water reservoirSolutionPros

24、onic T/MEasy and fast commissioning with an attractive priceApplicationsUltrasonic measurement47Moeller AndreasLevel measurement above a filterRequirement Level measurement above a filterSolutionProsonic T/M with mounting angleEasy and fast commissioning with an attractive priceApplicationsUltrasoni

25、c measurement48Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in an asphalt mixing plantRequirements Steel silo with conical bottom Height 8 m / 26.2 ft Diameter 5.6 m / 18.7 ft Different types of stones, asphalt granulates, grain size 5 to 10 mm (0.2 to 0.4”)SolutionProsonic S transmitter with field housing and

26、FDU93 sensorField housingFDU93ApplicationsUltrasonic measurement49Moeller AndreasBunker monitoringRequirements Bunker for stone processingHeight of bunker 6 m / 19.7 ftAmbient temperatureAtmospheric pressure Stones, grain size from 50 to 80 mm (2” to 3.2”)SolutionProsonic S FMU90 and FDU93 sensorFDU

27、93 FMU90ApplicationsUltrasonic measurement50Moeller AndreasCrusher monitoringRequirements CrusherAmbient temperatureAtmospheric pressure StonesSolutionNon-contact measurement by Prosonic S FDU93FMU90 ApplicationsUltrasonic measurement51Moeller AndreasMonitoring of crusher feedRequirements Level moni

28、toring at a crusher feedAvoiding of overloadMonitoring of minimum level to prevent demolitionsSolutionProsonic S with FDU92 sensorNon-contact and robust level measurementApplicationsUltrasonic measurement52Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in a tank with aluminum chipsRequirements Silo with conical b

29、ottom9.5 m/29.5 ft high, 3300 mm / 10.8 ftAmbient temperatureAtmospheric pressure Aluminum chips with a large grain size During filling process very loudSolutionProsonic S with FDU93sensor installed on a nozzle (height: 200 mm / 7.9”). Located 600 mm (2 ft) of the wall and 1000 mm (3.2 ft) above the

30、 media. FDU93ApplicationsUltrasonic measurement53Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in fly ashRequirements Silo Height 8 m / 26 ft Diameter 5 m / 16.4 ftTemperature up to +110 C/+230 FAtmospheric pressure Fly ash in a waste incineration plant Extreme aggressive and corrosive atmosphereSolution Prosoni

31、c S non-contact measurement Robust sensor with self-cleaning effect110 CTemperature CDistance mApplicationsUltrasonic measurement54Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in a coarse ash silo (power plant)ash conveyor beltRequirement Burning coal produces ashes in the boiler. The ashes are used in road con

32、struction. SolutionMeasurement of silo content with Prosonic SEvacuation of the ashes by lorriesApplicationsUltrasonic measurement55Moeller AndreasLevel measurement at rotary crushersRequirements Level monitoring under rough conditions VibrationDirtSolutionNon-contact level measurement with Prosonic

33、 SRobust sensor design with self-cleaning effectSwitch points individually adjustable by integrated relaysApplicationsUltrasonic measurement56Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in silos or storage tanksRequirements Level measurement in a storage tankProduct: PE powder Silo height: 28 m /92 ftSilo diameter: 3.5 m / 11.5 ftFilling: 14 - 20 t / h (pneumatically)SolutionNon-contact level measurement with Prosonic SRobust sensors with self-cleaningeffectApplicationsUltrasonic measurement57Moeller AndreasLevel measurement in limestoneRequirementLevel me