高中英語-人教版新教材welcome-unit-discovering-useful-structures(共24張)課件

1、Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful Structures1Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。什么是主語(subject)？The car is running fast（名詞） We are students（代詞） One of my classmates is from Shanghai（數(shù)詞） Its bad manners to spit in public（不定式） Eating too much is bad for your health（動(dòng)

2、名詞） 2主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體一般由名詞、代詞、謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語，連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略to的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語，助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。如： He works in a factory（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞） I felt cold（系動(dòng)詞表語） How can I get to the station？（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞） Do you speak English？（助動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞） They are working in a field（

3、助動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞） 什么是謂語（verb）？3謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動(dòng)詞充賓語：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如： He is doing his homework（名詞） They did nothing this morning（代詞） She wants to go home（不定式） We enjoy playing football（動(dòng)名詞） 什么是賓語(object)？4賓語：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名表語：用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞

4、有：be，look，get，sound（聽起來），feel，become， smell，turn，taste嘗起來）等。如： They are workers（名詞） Two and three is five（數(shù)詞） The story is very interesting（形容詞） M y job（工作）is teaching English（動(dòng)名詞） She is at home（介詞短語） I feel terrible（形容詞） The dish tastes delicious（形容詞） 什么是表語（ predicative ）？5表語：用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞

5、、數(shù)詞、形容定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)。如： What a beautiful kite it is?。ㄐ稳菰~）She is a chemistry teacher（名詞）There are two students in the classroom（數(shù)詞） We have something to do tomorrow（不定式） The man in blue is my brother（介詞短語） 什么是定語(attribute)？6定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等狀語：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短

6、語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如： Thank you very much（副詞） I get up at five in the morning（介詞短語） He is studying hard so as to catch up with others（不定式短語） We were having breakfast when the telephone rang（從句） 【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如： He is old enough to go to school 什么是狀語(adverbial)？7狀語：

7、用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語狀語種類如下： How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語） She came in with a

8、 dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語） She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語） I am taller than he is.（比較狀語） 8狀語種類如下： 賓語補(bǔ)足語：用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，hel

9、p，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補(bǔ)”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如： We elected him monitor（名詞） I found it difficult to learn English well（形容詞） The doctor told me to do more exercise（不定式短語） He is going to have his hair cut（過去分詞） They saw a bird flying in the sky（現(xiàn)在分詞） 什么是賓語補(bǔ)足語（ objectcomplement ）？9賓語補(bǔ)足語：用

10、于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與英語八種基本句型列式如下：1.S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)2.S十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)3.S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)4.S十V十IO十DO主謂+直接賓語+間接賓語5.S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)6.S 十V十O十A主謂賓狀語結(jié)構(gòu)7. S十V十A 主謂狀語結(jié)構(gòu)8. There be 10英語八種基本句型列式如下：10S + V + A(狀語)Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介詞短語）He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）We stopped to have a re

11、st.4) S + Vi+ Participle (分詞）Ill go swimming.主+謂 S十V11S + V + A(狀語)主+謂 S十V112. S (主）+ Vt （及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）+ O（賓）We like English. I want to help him. (不定式） I dont know what to do. I enjoy living here. I dont think (that) he is right.主謂賓 +狀語 (S 十V十O十A)I had my first maths class at senior high school.主+謂+賓(S 十

12、V十O)122. S (主）+ Vt （及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）+ O（賓）1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞）He is a boy.This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj（形容詞）She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副詞）Class is over.主+系+表 S十P131) S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞）He6. S (主）+ VT （謂）+ ID（間賓）+ DO（直賓）I give you help.1) S + Vt + N/Pron + NI sent him a book.I bought May a book

13、.上述句型可以變?yōu)椋篠 + Vt + N/Pron + To/for-phraseHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.主+謂+間賓+直賓S十V十IO十DO146. S (主）+ VT （謂）+ ID（間賓）+ DO（直2) S + Vt + N/Pron + That-clauseHe told me that the film was great.3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.主+謂+間賓+直賓 S十V十IO十DO152) S + Vt + N/Pr

14、on + That-claS (主）+ Vt（謂）+ O（賓） + C（賓補(bǔ)）I make you clear. We named our baby Tom.He painted the wall white.She always keeps everything in good order.I wish you to stay.I made him workI heard my name called.I feel something moving.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)S十V十O十C16S (主）+ Vt（謂）+ O（賓） + C（賓補(bǔ)）I There be Theres a lot to ex

15、plore at senior school.Theres always something exciting to do. 17There be Theres a lot to exp 2.Analyze the sentence structures The 100-year old school lies in the centre of the city.We must act.The maths homework looks easy.The teacher found the classroom empty.My mum bought me a new dictionary.Tom

16、 is looking forward to meeting the new exchange studentThere is an English Corner at our school.We had chemistry in the newly built lab.18 2.Analyze the sentence structHow would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his

17、classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. Theres always something exciting to do. And, aft

18、er a long day of study. He likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea! 3.Analyze the structures of the underlined sentences 19How would you like to go to scHow to extend sentences?20How to extend sentences?20句子的擴(kuò)展Hes swimming.Hes swimming in the river.Hes swimming in the river with Tim.Hes swimming in the river with Tim at the moment. 21句子的擴(kuò)展Hes swimming.21Eg.He sells eggs.He sells hens eggs.He sells the best hens eggs.He sells the best hens eggs every Wednesday