雨水集雨面面積、雨水集蓄利用工程蓄水容積典型年和長(zhǎng)系列資料計(jì)算方法、果樹不同生育期的灌水上下限

1、（資料性）雨水集雨面面積不同保證率下各種材料收集每立方米集雨量所需的集雨面面積已知雨水集蓄利用工程的全年供水量后，可根據(jù)不同的保證率選用表A.1-1表A.1-3計(jì)算所需的集雨面面積。計(jì)算時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐亩嗄昶骄邓亢徒邓觌H變差系數(shù)，查得每立方米集雨量所需某種集雨面的面積，再乘以總供水量，即可得到該類集雨面的面積。當(dāng)工程所在地的降水量及降水年際變差系數(shù)不在表A.1-1表A.1-3所列時(shí)，可采用線性內(nèi)插方法通過(guò)計(jì)算查取。表A.1-1 保證率為50%收集每立方米集雨量所需集雨面面積（m2）變差系數(shù)降水量（mm）混凝土水泥瓦機(jī)瓦手工瓦土場(chǎng)院良好瀝青路面裸露塑料薄膜自然土坡0.22505.45.810

2、.211.727.25.84.968.03004.54.88.19.220.04.84.042.53503.84.06.67.515.34.03.429.24003.33.55.56.212.13.52.921.34502.93.14.75.39.93.12.616.25002.62.74.14.58.22.72.312.86002.12.23.33.66.32.21.99.47001.81.92.73.05.01.61.67.38001.51.62.32.54.11.61.45.80.252505.55.910.311.827.55.94.968.73004.54.88.29.320.24.

3、84.043.03503.84.16.07.615.54.13.429.54003.33.55.66.312.33.53.021.54502.93.14.85.310.03.12.616.45002.62.74.14.68.22.72.312.96002.12.33.33.76.42.31.99.57001.81.92.73.05.11.91.67.48001.61.72.32.54.21.71.45.90.32505.66.010.411.927.86.05.069.43004.64.98.39.420.44.94.143.43503.94.16.87.615.74.13.529.84003

4、.33.65.76.412.43.63.021.74502.93.14.85.410.13.12.616.55002.62.84.24.68.32.82.313.06002.12.33.33.76.42.31.99.67001.81.92.83.05.11.91.67.48001.61.72.32.64.21.71.45.90.352505.66.010.512.028.16.05.070.23004.64.98.49.520.64.94.143.93503.94.26.87.715.842.03.530.1表A.1-1 保證率為50%收集每立方米集雨量所需集雨面面積（m2）(續(xù))變差系數(shù)降水

5、量（mm）混凝土水泥瓦機(jī)瓦手工瓦土場(chǎng)院良好瀝青路面裸露塑料薄膜自然土坡0.354003.43.65.76.412.53.63.021.94503.03.24.95.410.23.22.716.75002.62.84.24.78.42.82.413.26002.22.33.43.76.52.31.99.77001.82.02.83.15.22.01.77.58001.61.72.32.64.21.71.46.00.42505.76.110.612.228.46.15.170.93004.75.08.49.620.95.04.244.33503.94.26.97.816.04.23.530.440

6、03.43.65.86.512.73.63.122.24503.03.24.95.510.33.22.716.95002.72.84.34.78.52.82.413.36002.22.33.43.86.62.32.09.97001.92.02.83.15.22.01.77.68001.61.72.42.64.31.71.46.0表A.1-2 保證率為75%收集每立方米集雨量所需集雨面面積（m2）變差系數(shù)降水量（mm）混凝土水泥瓦機(jī)瓦手工瓦土場(chǎng)院良好瀝青路面裸露塑料薄膜自然土坡0.22506.26.611.613.331.06.65.577.53005.15.59.210.522.85.54.6

7、48.43504.34.67.68.517.54.63.933.24003.74.06.37.113.84.03.324.24503.33.55.46.011.23.52.918.55002.93.14.75.29.33.12.614.56002.42.53.74.17.22.52.210.87002.02.23.13.45.72.21.88.38001.81.92.62.84.71.91.66.60.252506.57.012.213.932.57.05.881.33005.35.79.711.023.95.74.850.83504.54.87.98.918.34.84.134.84003.

8、94.26.67.414.54.23.525.44503.43.75.66.311.83.73.119.45003.03.34.95.49.83.32.715.26002.52.73.94.37.52.72.311.37002.12.33.23.66.02.31.98.78001.82.02.73.04.92.01.76.90.32506.87.312.814.734.27.36.185.53005.66.010.211.625.16.05.053.4表A.1-2 保證率為75%收集每立方米集雨量所需集雨面面積（m2）（續(xù)）變差系數(shù)降水量（mm）混凝土水泥瓦機(jī)瓦手工瓦土場(chǎng)院良好瀝青路面裸露塑料

9、薄膜自然土坡0.33504.85.18.39.419.35.14.336.64004.14.47.07.815.344.03.726.74503.63.95.96.612.43.93.220.45003.23.45.15.710.33.42.916.06002.62.84.14.57.92.82.411.97002.22.43.43.76.32.42.09.28001.92.12.93.15.22.11.77.30.352507.17.613.315.235.67.66.388.93005.86.310.612.026.16.35.255.63504.95.38.79.820.15.34.43

10、8.14004.34.67.28.115.94.63.827.84503.84.06.26.912.94.03.421.25003.33.65.35.910.73.63.016.76002.72.94.34.78.22.92.512.37002.32.53.53.06.62.52.19.58002.02.13.03.35.42.11.87.60.42507.58.014.116.137.68.06.793.93006.26.611.212.727.66.65.558.73505.25.69.110.321.25.64.740.24004.54.87.78.616.84.84.029.34504

11、.04.26.57.313.64.23.622.45003.53.85.66.311.33.83.217.66002.93.14.55.08.73.12.613.07002.42.63.74.16.92.62.210.18002.12.33.13.55.72.31.98.0表A.1-3 保證率為90%收集每立方米集雨量所需集雨面面積（m2）變差系數(shù)降水量（mm）混凝土水泥瓦機(jī)瓦手工瓦土場(chǎng)院0.22507.07.513.215.035.13005.86.210.411.925.83504.95.28.59.619.84004.24.57.28.015.74503.74.06.16.812.750

12、03.33.55.35.810.56002.72.94.24.78.17002.32.43.53.86.58002.02.12.93.25.30.252507.68.214.316.338.13006.36.711.312.928.0表A.1-3 保證率為90%收集每立方米集雨量所需集雨面面積（m2）（續(xù)）變差系數(shù)降水量（mm）混凝土水泥瓦機(jī)瓦手工瓦土場(chǎng)院0.253505.35.79.310.521.54004.64.97.88.717.04504.04.36.67.413.85003.63.85.76.311.46002.93.14.65.18.87002.52.73.84.27.08002

13、.22.33.23.55.80.32508.28.815.417.641.03006.77.212.213.930.23505.76.110.011.323.14004.95.38.09.418.34504.34.67.18.014.95003.84.16.26.812.36003.23.44.95.59.57002.72.94.14.57.68002.32.53.43.86.20.352508.99.516.719.044.43007.37.813.215.032.73506.26.610.812.225.14005.35.79.110.219.84504.75.07.78.616.1500

14、4.24.46.77.413.36003.43.75.35.910.37002.93.14.44.98.28002.52.73.74.16.70.42509.710.418.220.848.53008.08.514.416.435.73506.77.211.813.327.34005.86.29.911.121.64505.15.58.49.417.65004.54.87.38.114.56003.74.05.86.411.27003.23.44.85.39.08002.72.94.14.57.3（資料性）雨水集蓄利用工程蓄水容積典型年和長(zhǎng)系列資料計(jì)算方法一般規(guī)定計(jì)算資料應(yīng)符合下列要求：應(yīng)有不

15、短于30年的逐年各月或逐旬降水量資料。應(yīng)有根據(jù)場(chǎng)次、旬或月降水量計(jì)算各種集雨面的旬或月平均集雨效率的近似公式。近似公式可根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)卦囼?yàn)的降雨一徑流資料分析得到,或按臨近相似地區(qū)的公式。計(jì)算全年用水量分配比較均勻的蓄水工程，計(jì)算時(shí)段可采用月。對(duì)作物灌溉等集中用水的蓄水工程，計(jì)算時(shí)段宜采用旬。蓄水工程的滲漏蒸發(fā)損失可按全年供水量的10%計(jì)算。雨水集蓄利用工程蓄水容積計(jì)算的典型年法典型年計(jì)算宜采用真實(shí)年法，應(yīng)進(jìn)行年降水量頻率分析，應(yīng)選擇年降水量和設(shè)計(jì)頻率降水量接近的12個(gè)年降雨過(guò)程計(jì)算蓄水容積，并應(yīng)取其中大值作為設(shè)計(jì)蓄水容積。頻率分析可采用經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率法。典型年的選擇也可按需水臨界時(shí)段降水量的頻率分析，應(yīng)

16、選擇臨界時(shí)段降水量和設(shè)計(jì)頻率降水量接近的12個(gè)年降雨過(guò)程計(jì)算蓄水容積，并應(yīng)取其中大值作為設(shè)計(jì)蓄水容積。雨水集蓄利用工程蓄水容積計(jì)算的長(zhǎng)系列法長(zhǎng)系列法確定蓄水容積時(shí)，應(yīng)同時(shí)進(jìn)行集雨面面積計(jì)算。集雨面面積和蓄水容積計(jì)算可按下列步驟進(jìn)行：根據(jù)系列中各年各旬（或月）降水量和旬（月）集雨效率公式計(jì)算各年單位集雨面面積上的可集雨量。對(duì)各年可集雨量進(jìn)行頻率分析，求得設(shè)計(jì)頻率下單位集雨面面積上的可集雨量。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)頻率下單位集雨面面積上的可集雨量，計(jì)算正常集雨面面積。按照正常集雨面面積計(jì)算各年、旬（月）雨水集蓄系統(tǒng)的入流量。假設(shè)幾個(gè)蓄水容積，分別進(jìn)行水量平衡長(zhǎng)系列計(jì)算。計(jì)算在各假設(shè)的蓄水容積下發(fā)生缺水的年數(shù)。凡

17、年內(nèi)有一個(gè)計(jì)算時(shí)段發(fā)生缺水的，即應(yīng)認(rèn)為該年發(fā)生了缺水。各蓄水容積下的供水保證率可按下式計(jì)算：（B.3.1-1）式中：供水保證率（%）； 系列長(zhǎng)度（年數(shù)）； 計(jì)算得到的在某個(gè)蓄水容積下的缺水年數(shù)。集雨面面積和蓄水容積的各組合可按下列步驟進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)比較：假設(shè)大于和小于正常集雨面面積的幾個(gè)集雨面面積，按本規(guī)范第B.3.1條的規(guī)定，計(jì)算各集雨面面積對(duì)應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)頻率下的蓄水容積。對(duì)不同集雨面面積和蓄水容積組合進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)比較，求得造價(jià)最小的集雨面面積和蓄水容積組合。（資料性）主要果樹不同生育期的灌水上下限蘋果樹不同生育期灌水上下限蘋果樹生育期萌芽展葉期開花坐果期果實(shí)膨大期果實(shí)成熟期時(shí)間3月中旬4月上旬4月中旬5月上旬5月中旬6月中旬6月下旬7月中旬灌水上限值90%w95%w95%w90%w灌水下限值55%w60%w65%w55%w獼猴桃樹不同生育期灌水上下限獼猴桃生育期開花坐果期抽梢展葉期果實(shí)膨大期果實(shí)成熟期時(shí)間3月下旬4月中旬4月下旬5月