學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作7課件

1、How to Write An AbstractOutline. Definition & functions of an abstract. Contents of an abstract. Types of abstracts. Format and length of an abstract. Suggestions for abstract writing. Keywords writingWhat is an “Abstract” ?An abstract is a condensed statement of the contents of a paper, which is us

2、ually put in front of the paper and regarded as the most important component in a research paper.What are the functions of an abstract ?The identifying function for readers The locating function for libraryContents of an abstractA. The statement of purpose about your research;B. The approaches or me

3、thods of your research;C. The conclusions or results of your research. An abstract is “ an abbreviated, accurate representation of the contents of a document without added interpretation or criticism ”. (from ISO 2141976E) 摘要是指一份文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容的縮短的精確的表達(dá)而無須補(bǔ)充解釋或評論.國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(ISO214-1976E文獻(xiàn)工作)Types of abstractsDesc

4、riptive abstract (描述型摘要)usually tells readers what information the paper contains, outlines the purpose, methods, and scope of the paper, and introduces the subject.B. Informative abstract (信息型摘要)contains specific information from the paper, includes the purpose, methods, and scope of the paper, and

5、 provides the results (findings), conclusions and recommendations.Format and length of an abstractAs a rule, a descriptive abstract usually contains only one paragraph and an abstract for a journal article has less than 100 words.A thesis abstract is often longer than this limit, but no more than 1,

6、000 words. Rarely does a thesis abstract exceed one page within several paragraphs.The length of an abstract varies depending on the length of the paper and the place where it appears.Suggestions for abstract writingA. Using some verbs and expressions;B. Using correct tenses, voices and persons;C. U

7、sing standard terms.ExamplesThis paper analyzes various possible factors which affect the development of reading ability.The thesis aims at discussing the features that characterize the process of The emphasis of this study lies in specifying the problems and their causes in the procedure of Using t

8、he following verbs and expressions when you make your conclusions or suggestions: indicate, offer, show, reveal, prove, conclude, demonstrate, recommend, suggest, contribute to, bring about,Using correct tensesWhen you introduce the purpose of your research simple present tense is commonly used and

9、sometimes present perfect tense is also accepted.When you describe your methods of research or the results of your experiment, past tense is the best choice.ExamplesThe author accumulated a considerable amount of experience and did some research into the design of reading comprehension exercises.Eno

10、ugh data were collected to write the paper.The results were amazing: we found a total lack of equality.Using more passive voice in an abstractWhen writing abstract you should try to use more passive voice to show that your opinions or judgments are more objective and fair without any deviation.Examp

11、lesComprehensive research has been conducted on the relationship between theories and learning approaches.It was recommended that Several steps are provided to show how the methods should be improved Using more third person as the subject of the sentence in an abstract such as the author, the resear

12、cher, the paper, the study, etc.ExamplesThe author tells about The writer describes This paper explores The present study evaluates This thesis deals with Keywords writingA. FunctionB. Linguistic featuresC. Writing requirementsWhat is the function of keywords?1. Easiness of retrieval2. Easiness of h

13、ighlightingWhat are the requirements for keywords writing?1. Placing in right location2. Spacing the keywords3. Adopting standard abbreviationsThe Key Points摘要是整個(gè)論文的縮影,讀者可以通過摘要看到論文的梗概(epitome);關(guān)鍵詞則是這個(gè)縮影的主線條,讀者從中可以找到論文的主題 (theme)。Samples of Abstract & KeywordsSample 1: Topic : Function s & Notion s A

14、pproach in Teaching Listening Abstract: The paper mainly discusses the functions and notions approach in teaching college English listening. It collected mini-dialogues from 19 CET4 tests and analyzed their functions and notions. It was found that many talks contain more than one functions and notio

15、ns in different contexts. A clear understanding of function and notion may help listeners grasp the true meaning in the text.Keywords: function, notion, college English listeningSample 2Topic: The Ability to Interpret Chinese Culture in English: Survey and Reflection (對中國文化英語表達(dá)能力的調(diào)查及啟示)Abstract: The

16、 author focuses on the importance to introduce the cultural knowledge of both target language and native language in foreign language teaching and learning. A test survey revealed that EFL learners have poor ability to present Chinese culture in English due to deficiency of the input of Chinese culture and the paper proposed that more Chinese culture knowledge should be presented in English in order to improve learners ability of two-side cross-culture communication.Keywords: