杭州專版2022年中考英語第34講閱讀理解精講本課件

1、 名 詞完形填空20172021年杭州市中考閱讀理解考點統(tǒng)計命題角度20212020201920182017話題廣告圖表A篇B篇事物介紹B篇B篇B篇C篇C篇人物故事A篇健康生活A(yù)篇C篇A篇百科知識C篇C篇D篇D篇D篇節(jié)約環(huán)保A篇B篇城市建設(shè)D篇語言學(xué)習(xí)D篇 名 詞完形填空文體A篇記敘文應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文記敘文說明文B篇說明文說明文說明文議論文應(yīng)用文C篇說明文說明文說明文說明文說明文D篇說明文議論文議論文議論文說明文分析杭州近幾年的中考真題可知，閱讀理解的考查特點主要有：1.文體方面：A篇為應(yīng)用文或記敘文，主要是日常生活類或人物故事類文章；B篇為說明文或應(yīng)用文，主要是事物介紹類或廣告宣傳類文章；C篇以

2、說明文為主，主要是事物介紹類或科普類文章；D篇以議論文為主，主要是知識科普類文章。2.話題方面：主要以介紹類、生活類、科普類為主。3.詞數(shù)：A篇詞數(shù)通常在210350之間；B篇詞數(shù)通常在280330之間；C篇詞數(shù)通常在270310之間；D篇詞數(shù)通常在310360之間。閱讀理解4.考點：A篇閱讀共考查5道細(xì)節(jié)理解題、5道推理判斷題、2道詞義猜測題、1道主旨大意題；B篇閱讀共考查9道細(xì)節(jié)理解題、8道推理判斷題、2道詞義猜測題、1道主旨大意題；C篇閱讀共考查11道推理判斷題、6道細(xì)節(jié)理解題、2道主旨大意題、1道詞義猜測題、1道目的意圖題、1道段落大意題；D篇閱讀共考查6道推理判斷題、4道細(xì)節(jié)理解題、

3、3道目的意圖題、1道詞義猜測題、1道指代判斷題。可知杭州近幾年閱讀理解主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題。閱讀理解答題技巧指導(dǎo)1.詞義猜測題 此類試題測試考生根據(jù)上下文理解推測并判斷該詞或句子在文章中的確切含義的能力。 詞義猜測題的解題技巧為： (1)判斷某些生詞有沒有猜測的必要。 (2)根據(jù)定義、解釋來猜測。 如：A calendar is a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year.從所下的定義a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year中可

4、以猜出calendar的意思為“日歷”。答題技巧指導(dǎo) (3)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法中的派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化來猜測。 如：When a wise person misuses his wisdom，he will do a great harm to society. 我們都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis-是否定前綴，所以可猜出該詞的意思為“誤用”。 (4)根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞關(guān)系或?qū)Ρ?、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系來猜測。 如：Unlike his brother，who is a handsome man，John is quite homely. 從unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用ha

5、ndsome 來形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。答題技巧指導(dǎo) (5)根據(jù)同位語關(guān)系來猜測。 如：Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh，Scotland.His father is an expert in phonetics，the study of the sounds of language. 由phonetics的同位語從句the study of the sounds of language可猜出該詞的意思為“語音學(xué)”。 (6)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系來猜測。 如：She felt grieved，for her

6、 parents both died weeks ago.由該詞后的原因狀語從句for her parents both died weeks ago可猜出該詞的意思為“悲痛的”。答題技巧指導(dǎo) (7)根據(jù)上下文線索猜測。 如：The lack of movement caused the muscles(肌肉) to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again. 由上文The lack of movement caused the muscles to we

7、aken可知，運(yùn)動的缺乏導(dǎo)致肌肉萎縮，以及下文So the player could never play the sport again知道，這位運(yùn)動員再也無法做運(yùn)動了，因此可以猜出permanent的意思為“永久的，永恒的”。答題技巧指導(dǎo) (8)根據(jù)生活常識和經(jīng)驗來猜測。 如：In old days，when girls from rich families were married to their husbands，they expected to bring with themselves with a large amount of dowry. 上文提到了girls from r

8、ich families were married to their husbands可猜出，來自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，她們當(dāng)然希望帶上大量的“嫁妝”。答題技巧指導(dǎo)2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題 此類題就是我們常見的wh- 題，有些問題可以在文中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化理解后才能找到，比如說通過計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。具體方法為：先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)的部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀，找出正確答案。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧為： (1)直接事實題：解答此類問題時要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，因為這類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 答題技巧指導(dǎo) (2

9、)間接事實題：解答此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進(jìn)行簡單的概括和判斷，梳理一下文章的脈絡(luò)，找出支持每個現(xiàn)象的句子。所以做間接事實題時，A、B、C、D四個選項要全看。通常以下列形式出現(xiàn)：Which of the following is TRUE？Which of the following is NOT true？Which of the following is WRONG？From the passage we know .答題技巧指導(dǎo)3.推理判斷題 此類題要求考生透過表面文字信息去推測文章隱含的意義，檢測考生的邏輯判斷能力?？忌I(lǐng)會材料的抽象含義以及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并根據(jù)常識，或

10、者依靠推理、判斷得出結(jié)論。通常以這樣的形式出現(xiàn)：What can you infer from the passage？ 推理判斷題的解題技巧為： (1)根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，要對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事、以偏概全。 答題技巧指導(dǎo) (2)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行合理的判斷，切忌根據(jù)自己的觀點或已有的經(jīng)驗去揣測。 (3)把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度或?qū)懽鞯哪康?，借助上下文，領(lǐng)會“弦外之音”，避免“自己想當(dāng)然”。4.主旨大意題 此類題用來檢測考生是否擁有掌握閱讀材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出現(xiàn)： The main idea of the passage is . Th

11、e passage is about .答題技巧指導(dǎo) What is the best title of the passage？ Whats the writers purpose of writing this article？ Which may be the best title for the passage？ 主旨大意題的解題技巧為： (1)首先要清楚是問某一段還是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。 (2)如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中所蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息；同時也要關(guān)注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主題句)，或每段的首句(那往往是該段的主題句)。答題技巧指

12、導(dǎo) (3)任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫主題詞。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。 (4)學(xué)會捕捉作者的態(tài)度、意圖，即通常所謂“弦外之音，言外之意”，從而了解作者寫這篇文章的目的所在?？傊?，做閱讀題要記得：一讀，二找，三思，四查。答題技巧指導(dǎo)5.文章結(jié)構(gòu)題 常見提問方式： How is the passage organized？ Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？ The author develops the passage

13、mainly by. 文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的解題技巧為： (1)注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開頭，簡要概括了文章的中心思想。 (2)找出或者總結(jié)每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見上面第4點。答題技巧指導(dǎo) (3)最后根據(jù)每段主題確定段與段之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)密。為突出主題，作者可能采用不同的寫作手法來組織文章，通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點。典例分析【典例分析】(2021杭州)C Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guita

14、r music and clapping(擊掌)and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long， colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast， difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers cl

15、ick their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other. Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energeticsome are more like gymnastics than dancing！ Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords(劍).The m

16、ovements are similar to traditional Cossack activities， for example， sword fighting and getting on and off horses. Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole(桿). The pole is often on fire and the

17、 dancer mustnt touch it！ After a successful “l(fā)imbo”， they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground！典例分析 Mask(面具)dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorfu

18、l. There are masks of people， monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today， Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.典例分析23.What do we know about flamenc

19、o dancing？A. Dancers begin performing before the guitar music starts.B. A woman dancer often wears a long black dress.C. A woman dancer moves her hands and feet at different speeds.D. Dancers clap loudly while moving around each other.24.What does the underlined word “gymnastics” in Paragraph 2 refe

20、r to？A. A play. B. A sport.C. A celebration. D. A show.典例分析25.Which of the following is limbo dancing？26.What is the best title for the text？A. Dance Jumps and MovesB. Dances for Different AgesC. Dance Music and ClothingD. Dances from Around the World典例分析【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界各地的一些具有特色的舞蹈。23.C【解析】

21、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第五句“She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast， difficult steps.”可知，她慢慢地移動她的手臂和手，但是她的腳邁著快速且復(fù)雜的步伐。由此可知，F(xiàn)lamenco舞的女舞者以不同的速度移動她的手和腳。故選C。24.B【解析】指代判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down.”可知，跳Cossack舞的舞者身體必須健壯，因為他

22、們要跳得很高，并且要上下踢腿。由此可推知，畫線詞所在句表示，Cossack舞充滿活力，比起舞蹈，(它)更像是體操運(yùn)動。因此gymnastics應(yīng)表示一種體育運(yùn)動，B項符合題意。故選B。25.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句“Young people have to dance under a pole(桿). The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustnt touch it！”可知，年輕人必須在一根燃燒的桿子下跳舞，而且跳舞的人不能碰到它！A項圖片符合描述。故選A。26.D【解析】標(biāo)題概括題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了世界各地的一些具有特

23、色的舞蹈。因此D項是本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D?！鞠任蚝缶殹?2021年杭州市下城區(qū)初三三模) On October 30,2019，the farm of a family in the village of Grusch，Switzerland，burnt down.The house in the farm completely burnt down.It was around 300 years old. The next morning at the local public school，students were surprised by the news.They wanted t

24、o help.Robin Egger，a head teacher at the school，worked with a teacher to make a plan for their students to help the family. They went to local businesses and asked for donations(捐贈) for the family.In exchange for a donation，their company logo was displayed at a market where students sold homemade th

25、ings. In addition，the students donated all of the money they raised for their end-of-school trip.“Traditionally，the 9th graders sell self-made Christmas cards in town to make money for their end-of-school trip，”Robin said.But this time，they gave all their money away to the project.Instead of investi

26、ng (耗費(fèi)) time in a project for their end-of-year school trip，they spent their afternoons raising money for this family.The students also made a large card with hopeful wishes for the family.The card was at the local town store and on Sundays at the church. With their help and effort，the family who lo

27、st their home and farm in the fire is doing much better. At first the family didnt want to accept the money； they thought it was too much，but at last they were convinced(被說服) to accept it and have decided to rebuild the house and the stables.The daughter will take over the farm from her parents and continue farming. Representatives (代表) of a company showed up at the school and surprised the students with unexpected good news：the students were going on an end-of-year trip，free of charge.It will pay for all of the students to visit E