高考英語短文改錯出題規(guī)律及應(yīng)試策略

1、4/3一、總體分析高考英語短文改錯解題規(guī)律及應(yīng)試策略通過對歷屆高考英語短文改錯題的深入研究和反復(fù)比擬 ,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：高考英語短文改錯的設(shè)錯(即考點)很有規(guī)律 ,并且呈現(xiàn)出極強的穩(wěn)定性。常規(guī)考點主要集中在動詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞、名 詞、形容詞和副詞、各類從句引導(dǎo)詞、行文邏輯等方面。進一步的研究還說明：動詞：主要考查時態(tài)(每年必有)、非謂語動詞(每年必有)、語態(tài)(有時有)等方面。 冠詞：主要考查根本用法(冠詞設(shè)錯幾乎每年都有)。名詞：主要考查其可數(shù)性或單復(fù)數(shù)的使用情況等(幾乎每年都有)。形容詞：主要考查比擬等級、搭配、修飾、用法區(qū)別等(形容詞設(shè)錯幾乎每年都有)。 副詞：主要考查副詞修飾其他詞的正確性

2、 ,有時也考查搭配與行文邏輯方面的問題等。 代詞：主要考查前后指代的一致性以及某些習(xí)慣用法等。并列連詞：并列連詞考查主要涉及行文邏輯。各類從句：包括狀語從句、名詞性從句、定語從句等。主要考查各類從句的引導(dǎo)詞的正確使用 問題(大局部年份有)。二、解題思路(1)四查法解題原那么：瞻前顧后查名詞 ,與時俱進查動詞 ,啟承轉(zhuǎn)合查連詞 ,文通理通查邏通篇考慮?？焖贋g覽全文 ,把握文章的主要時態(tài)、人稱及文章的主旨大意 ,順便標(biāo)記自己一 眼就能看出的錯誤。英語短文改錯是以一篇短文作為材料 ,因此短文改錯要考慮語篇結(jié)構(gòu)中的句與 句之間的關(guān)系 ,依此來查出連詞和邏輯承接語是否出錯。依句查錯。英語短文改錯一般“題

3、以行出 ,錯從句生 ,因此必須以句子而不是以每行為意 義單位來分析。分析復(fù)合句查連詞 ,分析主句從句和單句查句法和語法錯誤 ,最后分析組成句子的 各局部查詞法錯誤。瞻前顧后。分析時必須行行兼顧 ,甚至要注意后行與前幾行之間的語義聯(lián)系。仔細(xì)復(fù)查。做完題以后要快速把正確答案帶入短文中默讀一遍以便檢查答案是否正確。按要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答題。對多詞少詞錯詞所做的標(biāo)記一定要符合要求 ,切不可隨心所欲 ,也不可在 一行中到處做標(biāo)記。三、解題規(guī)律1.名詞：單復(fù)數(shù)混用；不可數(shù)名詞誤用可數(shù)名詞。如：One rainy day while I was walking home with one of myfriend,講解

4、：one of 后跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 ,應(yīng)此應(yīng)該把 friend 改為 friends。I gave him some advices onstudy.講解：advice 為不可數(shù)名詞 ,故應(yīng)把 advices 改為 advice。?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有：progress ,information ,news ,equipment 等。2.動詞：時態(tài)、主謂是否一致、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞。如：時態(tài)混用I stood there and couldnt believe that a complete stranger is so thoughtful.講解：很顯然此句子主時態(tài)是一般過去式 ,因此應(yīng)把 is

5、改為 was。主謂不一致There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.講解：句中 a football game 決定了謂語動詞必須用單數(shù) ,所以應(yīng)該把 were 改為 was。語態(tài)主動、被動、虛擬等Dinosaurs were disappeared in the old times.恐龍消失were break out ,take place 等。非謂語動詞 ,The hole became bigger and bigger. The air keeps the balloon up was escapingwas esca

6、ping ,keeping the balloon up,the air , keeps keeping。It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expect anything in return.it is / wasadjto do sthit to do sthgive前加 to。without 是介詞 ,介詞后跟 V-ing 形式 ,故 expect 改為 expecting。3.形容詞/副詞：兩者之間是否混用；級別的錯誤。如：so I grateful accepted theoffer.講解：實意動詞應(yīng)用副詞修

7、飾 ,故把 grateful 改為 gratefully。英語中形容詞往往用來修飾名詞或跟在系動詞后作表語等；副詞修飾動詞、形容詞、整個句子等。Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his better-knownone.講解：better-known 應(yīng)該改為 best-known。三或三者以上比擬用最高級；句中 of all the songs 提供了信息。John studies much more harder than any of theothers.morealot ,rather等來

8、修飾。4.代詞：代詞一致；代詞的格；代詞誤用。如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel athome.講解：the Smiths 指“史密斯夫婦倆 ,因此應(yīng)該把 his 改為 their。sits between Mary andI.講解：between 是介詞 ,介詞后跟人稱代詞的賓格 ,故把 I 改為 me。I can express me in Englishfreely.講解：me 改為 myself。當(dāng)主語和賓語指的是同一個人時 ,賓語往往用反身代詞。Ifinddifficulttomakefriendswithyou. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)跟你交朋友很難

9、。finditit。he preferred to give it to everyoneelse.講解：根據(jù)句意 ,everyone 改為 someone。someone else 意為“其他人。5.介詞：詞組搭配名詞詞組、介詞短語和短語動詞中的介詞錯用、多余或缺漏；介詞混用。如：介詞缺漏Tell them something youre interested,講解：be interested in sth 意為“對感興趣 ,因此在 interested 后加 in。介詞多余People like swimming in summer because of water makes them

10、feel cool.講解：此題考查對 becauseof because of 去掉。介詞用錯(一般為固定搭配)Could you share your experiences for us?講解：share sth. with sb.意思是“與某人分享某事 ,故把 for 改為 with。介詞混用a truck came to a stop besides us.講解：一輛卡車在我旁邊停下來 ,因此把 besides 改為 beside。6.冠詞：句中冠詞是否多余；冠詞誤用。如：Although we have been members for a short period of time,

11、 we have made a greatprogress.講解：progress 是不可數(shù)名詞 ,故前不能用不定冠詞 ,因此把 great progress 前的 a 去掉。I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game justbegan.infrontofsth in thefrontofsthin thefrontofsth指在事物(sth)prefertotravelin thefront ofthe car.(我愿意坐在汽車的前面)in frontofsth 是指事物(sth)外部空thecarstopsinfront

12、ofthehouse(汽車停在房前)the去掉。As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our dailylife.anage “出于年齡at an early/tender “很小/年幼的時候and offered us a umbrella because.a 改為anaan honest manan mporant roe; a useful book ,a university。7.連詞：前后兩句之間的銜接關(guān)系；連詞的混用。如：This man might need the umbrella himsel

13、f, and he preferred to give itto講解：連詞前后兩個句子之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 ,因此把 and 改為 but。I didnt review the text very well but I could only answer three out from the twenty questions.講解：連詞前后兩個句子之間是因果關(guān)系 ,因此把 but 改為 so。此考點的關(guān)鍵在于判斷行文邏輯正確與否。While I first entered my senior middle school, everything seemedunpleasant.講解：while 作連

14、詞 ,“當(dāng)時 ,后跟的從句謂語動詞須為延續(xù)性動詞 ,因此把 while 改成 when。Although he made great progress, but he still workedhard.講解：although / though 不能與 but 連用 ,因此把 but 去掉。8.數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞混用。如：We held a party on my sixteen birthday.講解：把 sixteen 改為 sixteenth。9.句式that what which what 之間的轉(zhuǎn)換等Im going to see the film I missed it lastFr

15、iday.it 去掉；I missed that 的定語從句 ,it 多余。My father has two brothers, both of them are all Party members.both of them both ofwhom。Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in yourarea.講解：原文中需要一個連接詞承接前后連個句子 ,這個連接詞充當(dāng) be concerned about 引導(dǎo)賓語從句中的主語 ,所以應(yīng)該把 which 改為 what。The problem was very difficult that no one could solveit.講解：根據(jù)句意“這道題很難沒有人能解答出 ,so /