統(tǒng)考版2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)必修5Unit13People課時提能練含解析北師大版

1、課時提能練（二十五）必修 5Unit 13People（A）I .閱讀理解A（2021 南昌市一模）The remains of an ancient ape （猿）found in a Bavarian clay site recently caught people，s eye.According to scientists, they may renew people，s opinion on when humans ancestors began standing upright.An international team of researchers said the fossili

2、zed skeleton of a male ape that lived in the humid forests of what is now southern Germany bore a striking resemblance （相彳以之處）to modern human bones. In a paper published by the journal Nature, they concluded that the previously unknown species 一 named Danuvius guggenmosi 一 could walk on two legs but

3、 also climb like an ape.The findings uraise fundamental questions about our previous understanding of the evolution of the great apes and humans, said Madelaine Boehme, who led the research.The question of when apes could walk on two legs has fascinated scientists since Charles Darwin first argued t

4、hat they were the ancestors of humans. Previous fossil records of apes with an upright move 一 found in Crete and Kenya 一 dated only as far back as 6 million years. These apes are called Toumai.Boehme, along with researchers from Bulgaria, Canada and the United States, examined more than 15, 000 bone

5、s recovered from the archaeological remains. Among the remains they were able to piece together primate （靈長目動物）fossils belonging to four individuals that lived 11. 62 million years ago. The most complete, an adult male, likely stood about 1 meter tall, weighed 31 kilograms and looked similar to mode

6、rn-day bonobos, a species of the chimpanzee.Like humans, Danuvius had an S-shaped backbone to hold its body upright while standing.Unlike humans, though, it had a powerful big toe that would have allowed it to grab branches with its foot easily.Fred Spoor, a paleontologist at the Natural History Mus

7、eum in London, called the fossil finds “fantastic“ but said they would likely be denied or suspected by others, not least because they could challenge many existing ideas about evolution.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家新發(fā)現(xiàn)的古猿遺骨的相關(guān)情況，并指出這可能會 刷新人們關(guān)于何時人類的祖先開始直立的觀點(diǎn)。1. Where did the scientists find the bones? locust （蝗蟲

8、）outbreak in decades. Climate events have accelerated the breeding of the pest across the region, and with a sudden rise in the locust population expected in coming weeks, urgent actions and funds are needed to prevent a human crisis.Twenty million people in six of the eight East African countries m

9、ost affected by an ongoing desert locust outbreak are at risk of serious food insecurity. Considered among the most destructive of moving pests, an adult locust can consume 2g of plants per day, affecting crops and grasslands.A group typically holds 20 to 150 million locusts per square kilometer and

10、 can move hundreds of kilometers per day, invading areas covering millions of square kilometers. An active group, therefore, can destroy crops and grasslands within a very short period of time.That global warming could increase the risk of the desert locust crisis was proposed over ten years ago, an

11、d in February, the UN Secretary-General Antdnio Guterres stated that the current outbreak is linked to the effects of climate changewarmer seas mean more cyclones （旋風(fēng)）generating the perfect breeding ground for locusts. The outbreak has its origins in 2021, when a series of cyclones in the Arabian Pe

12、ninsula（阿 拉伯半島）enabled the warm and wet conditions the desert locust requires for breeding in remote regions. Though our focus here is migration west, dreadful outbreaks of the desert locust have been experienced to the east.The situation is going out of control. A rescue operation and financial sup

13、port need no delay.The Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） has put an immediate price tag of US $138 million for rapid response and immediate action一controlling the spread of the desert locust and safeguarding livelihoods. They say the maths is clear： about half the funding is needed for supervi

14、sion, ground and sky control, and uniting efforts； the other half is needed for livelihoods and food security of farmers. They have called on the international community to act now through funding. However, by the end of February, just US $69 million had been promised.This most alarming crisis has d

15、eveloped and is worsening in East Africa. The funds needed to control the situation become very difficult to achieve and the gap is a big concern.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了東非蝗災(zāi)的抗災(zāi)資金嚴(yán)重短缺的情況及蝗災(zāi)的其他相關(guān)情況。Why does the crisis happen in East Africa?There is a big population there.There are large deserts and grasslands.A

16、frica lies to west of the Arabian Peninsula.Climate good for breeding plays a role.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Climate events have accelerated the breeding of the pest across the region, and with a sudden rise in the locust population expected in coming weeks”及第三段中的 “the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres st

17、ated that the current outbreak is linked to the effects of climate changewarmer seas mean more cyclones（旋風(fēng)）generating the perfect breeding ground for locusts” 可知， 有利 于蝗蟲繁殖的氣候發(fā)揮了作用。應(yīng)選D。Why does the writer list those figures in Para. 2?To warn of the terrible damage caused by locusts.To help us unders

18、tand how locusts live.To show how many locusts there are now.To draw a picture of present Africa.A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中列舉的數(shù)據(jù)可以看出，東非蝗災(zāi)影響的國家多、人數(shù)多 及蝗災(zāi)的危害大。由此可推知，作者列舉那些數(shù)據(jù)的目的是告知蝗蟲造成的嚴(yán)重破壞。應(yīng)選A。What can we know from the text?The crisis is not noticed until recently.More money is needed to prevent the crisis.The cri

19、sis has been the focus of the world.Locusts are all from the Arabian Peninsula.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的 The Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） has put an immediate price tag of US $138 million“ uHowever, by the end of February, just US $69 million had been promised并結(jié)合最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，抗擊蝗災(zāi)需要很多 資金，然而，資金缺口卻非常大。應(yīng)選

20、B。Which is the best title for the text?Killing locusts before too lateGlobal warming, a world problemThe funding gap for the locust crisisAfrica, a crisis-stricken placeC 標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了東非蝗災(zāi)的抗災(zāi)資金嚴(yán)重短缺的情況 以及導(dǎo)致蝗災(zāi)爆發(fā)的因素和其帶來的嚴(yán)重后果。故c項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。H.閱讀七選五（2021 陜西省百校聯(lián)盟一模）People have always wanted to know wh

21、at the future will look like. Then, how can we? 12 No. In addition, generally speaking, the inventionsfor the last 150 years have been a human effort for freedom and communication, to be able to get in control of the time and world. Since there is still much to do in this area, this will be the focu

22、s at least for the next 150 years.3So, even if a great invention is there for an affordable price, it 11 never take the place of the common experience if it is not real.What well see in the next 50 years is the transition（過渡）from an oil-dependent society to a new society. Here there，11 be new medici

23、ne, continued exploration of space, challenges in the climate change, and new inventions that make life a little easier.Will this change in the next 150 years?So what will the future look like then?Predicting the future can help us in many ways.Well, to understand the future, you must know the past.

24、However, you，11 never get the feeling of being there.However, no matter how real the experience will feel, it doesn，t happen for real.Then we need to know what decisions we need to make today that will give the best result in the future.【語篇解讀】 人們總想知道未來會是什么樣子的，其實(shí)要想展望未來，必須了解過去。 不管世界如何變化，人們的根本需求如食物、睡眠、

25、被欣賞和愛的感覺等不會改變，未來的 虛擬世界也不會代替真實(shí)的世界。但是可以預(yù)知，未來五十年里，世界將從依靠石油的社會 過渡到新的社會，人們的生活會更好。D 根據(jù)空處下文可知，在過去的150年里，世界發(fā)生了巨大的變化；結(jié)合空前一句 可推知，空處承上啟下，說明我們想要展望未來，就要了解過去，故D項(xiàng)符合語境。A 根據(jù)空前一句可知，在過去的150年里，人們的根本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣賞 和愛的感覺沒有變化，結(jié)合空后的“Nd可知，空處應(yīng)是一個疑問句，并與空前一句講人的 根本需求相照應(yīng)，故A項(xiàng)與此處匹配。G 根據(jù)該段第二句可知，該段主要講的是預(yù)知未來的兩個原因，空前一句講的是第 一個原因，即需要思考自己想

26、要的并傳遞給下一代的未來是什么樣的；據(jù)此可知，空處陳述 第二個原因，即需要知道做出怎樣的決定才能給未來帶來最好的結(jié)果，故G項(xiàng)正確。其中G 項(xiàng)中的“Then we need to與空前一句中的“First, we need to相照應(yīng)。F 根據(jù)空后一句可知，即使一項(xiàng)重大創(chuàng)造的價格我們可以承受，但是虛擬體驗(yàn)絕不 會代替真實(shí)體驗(yàn)，結(jié)合空處上文可推知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語境，銜接上下文。B 根據(jù)空處下文可知，該段介紹了對未來五十年的展望：從依靠石油的社會過渡到 新的社會；未來的生活更好。故B項(xiàng)與此處匹配。in .語法填空(be) known for their special taste and exquisi

27、teness(精致).Here are several traditional Chinese foods.Noodles are a symbol of long life in Chinese culture. They are as much a part as 2.birthday cake with its candles 3. (light) in western countries. Since noodles mean long life, it is considered very 4. (lucky) to cut them off.In China, a whole fi

28、sh 5. (symbol) wealth. At a party, it is a tradition to serve the whole fish. The fish also has a special meaning because the Chinese word for the fish yu sounds like the word for wealth. So 6.is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true in the year to come.Another popular dish is zo

29、ngzi, 7. is served during the Dragon Boat Festival. This tasty dish 8.(make) of sticky rice with meat, peanuts or other delicious food in bamboo 9. (leaf). The tradition of eating zongzi is meant to remind us 10.a great Chinese poet, Qu Yuan.【語篇解讀】該文簡單介紹了三種中國傳統(tǒng)食物一一面條、整魚和粽子。are 考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。“with a long

30、 history前后都有逗號，可以理解為 插入語，不影響句子的主體結(jié)構(gòu)，該句的主語是“Chinese foods,且此處是客觀性的描述, 故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以填are。a 考查冠詞。cake是可數(shù)名詞，第一次在文中出現(xiàn)，而且沒有用復(fù)數(shù)形式，又根 據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾；又因?yàn)閎irthday的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，所以填a。lit/lighted 考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。此處為“with +名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞 /介詞短語/名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，在句子中作狀語。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處和“its candles”存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用light的過去分詞形式

31、lit或lightedo unlucky 考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“因?yàn)槊鏃l意味著長壽，所以將它 們切斷被認(rèn)為是非常不吉利的，所以填形容詞unlucky。symbolizes 考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作謂語，和句子 的主語“a whole fish構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，且此處表示一種客觀情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的單數(shù) 形式，所以填symbolizeso it 考查固定用法。it is believed that.據(jù)信是固定用法，it作形式主語， that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語，所以此處應(yīng)填代詞it。which 考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾表

32、示 物的先行詞zo/7gzf,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，所以填which。is made 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“由構(gòu)成，應(yīng)用 be made of.表示，又句子的主語為“This tasty dish，且此處是客觀性的描述，故應(yīng) 用一般現(xiàn)在時的單數(shù)形式，所以填is madeo leaves 考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。leaf是可數(shù)名詞，沒有被冠詞修飾，且此處表示“竹 葉，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以填leaves。of 考查介詞。remind sb. of sb. “使某人想起某人”是固定用法，所以此處填介 詞 Of O IV.短文改錯（2021 湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考）As i

33、t is known to all, the Great Wall is the most famous places of interest in China. Everybody wants to go there, but I am no exception. Then, this summer vacation, the day I have been looking forward to coming at last.I got up very early that day and set off with my brother Tim followed behind. After

34、two hours， bus ride, we arrived at which looked like the large market, where there were millions of people talking, pushing and photographing. Looking at that, my enthusiasm immediate disappeared. Indeed, the Great Wal1 is really something must be experienced with a little ease and privacy.答案placesA

35、s 過 is known to all, the Great Wall is the most famous -: of interest inplacethis summer vacation,butthis summer vacation,China. Everybody wants to go there, ; I am no exception. Then, andhavethe day I -r been looking forward to hadcomingcamehavethe day I -r been looking forward to hadcomingcameat l

36、ast. I got up very early that dayand set off with my brother Timfoilowedfollowingbehind. After two hours，and set off with my brother Timfoilowedfollowingbehind. After two hours，bus ridewe arrivedwhichtheat whichtheat -; looked like large market,whatawhere there were millions of people talking,pushin

37、g and photographing. Looking at that,my enthusiasmimmediateimmediatelydisappeared. Indeed,the Great Wall is really somethingAthatmust be experienced withpushing and photographing. Looking at that,my enthusiasmimmediateimmediatelydisappeared. Indeed,the Great Wall is really somethingAthatmust be expe

38、rienced witha little ease and privacy.A. Germany.B. Bulgaria.C. Kenya.D. Brazil.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的the fossilized skeleton of a male ape that lived in the humid forests of what is now southern Germany”可知，科學(xué)家在德國發(fā)現(xiàn)了古 猿遺骨，應(yīng)選A。What can we infer about Danuvius?It could make S-shaped tools.It was a species of

39、the chimpanzee.It lived in Crete and Kenya.It existed much earlier than Toumai.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的 uPrevious fossil records of apes with an upright move一found in Crete and Kenya一dated only as far back as 6 million years. These apes are called Toumai” 和第五段中的 uAmong the remains they were able to piece tog

40、ether primate （靈長目動物）fossils belonging to four individuals that lived 11. 62 million years ago”可推知，Danuvius生活的時期比Toumai早得多,應(yīng)選D。How does Spoor feel about the finding?It offers further support for the theory of evolution.It may cause much debate.It is a fantastic finding.It denies the previous ideas.B

41、 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的 uthey would likely be denied or suspected by others可推知，Spoor認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會引起很多爭議，應(yīng)選B。Which of the following would be the best title for the text?The Secrets Revealed from FossilsLegend of Humans AncestorsFindings Against the Theory of EvolutionThe Oldest Example of Upright Ape Found in a

42、Bavarian Clay SiteD 標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，第一段概括了全 文的主要內(nèi)容，由此可知，D項(xiàng)最適合作本篇文章的標(biāo)題。B（2021 長春市普通高中質(zhì)量監(jiān)測二）An argument is an exchange of views between people who do not agree with each other. Some arguments turn into angry quarrels. Suppose, a friend borrowed your car and left it full of fast food rubbi

43、sh. What if you dealt with the situation this way：YOU: Why did you leave all that trash in my car? Its an absolute mess, and Im tired of you always being so inconsiderate.FRIEND: Look who, s talking. You，re such a slob （遛遢鬼）that I didn，t think you，d notice.How did a minor incident turn into such an

44、unpleasant exchange? You were angry and feeling as though your kindness was being abused.So instead of talking with your friend, you yelled at him. Why did you“ was a challenge. That* s why your friend immediately went on the defensive and yelled back.Now the argument is over. In fact, you don，t fee

45、l satisfied with the fact that you，ve told him off! In the heat of the moment, he said something that hurts your feelings.And perhaps you didnt really mean what you said. How can you avoid such situations? Learn to argue in a better way. Try something like this：YOU: I dont like it when you leave tra

46、sh in my car. It makes me feel like you don，t respect me.FRIEND: Youre right. It was very inconsiderate. I won，t do it again.Before speaking, take a deep breath and get control of your anger. The words you use will let your friend know specifically what is bothering you and most importantly, treat h

47、im with respect. So he will respond in the same way.Also notice that begin the argument with the pronoun I” . An argument beginning with “You did. ,z is generally a challenge. What usually follows is criticism or an insult. And it goes downhill fast from there.Using 1 in arguments won，t eliminate al

48、l disagreements, but it can certainly cut down on the yelling.【語篇解讀】本文以一個例子為主線，介紹了在爭論中應(yīng)學(xué)會使用代詞“我。這雖不能消除所有的分歧，但它確實(shí)可以減少爭吵，使交流更順暢。How may you feel after an unpleasant argument with your friend?Dissatisfied and regretful.Still wanting to argue.Satisfied with the yell.Challenged by the argument.A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)

49、第五段中的 “you dont feel satisfied And perhaps you didnt really mean what you said可推知，在與朋友發(fā)生不愉快的爭論后，你可能會不 快樂并懊悔。應(yīng)選A。Which can probably replace the underlined phrase “In the heat of the moment” ?When it was hot outside.When the talk became exciting.When the argument got emotional.When your friend was war

50、mer than ever.C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫線局部后的 “he said something that hurts your feelings 可知，他說了一些傷害你感情的話。并結(jié)合語境可推知，畫線短語的含義與C項(xiàng)“當(dāng)爭論變 得情緒化時意思相符。應(yīng)選C。Which sentence might be used in an 1 argument?You are making me feel bad.Whats the matter with you?What on earth are you telling me?It makes me feel bad when hearing that

51、.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的It makes me feel like you don，t respect me 以及最后兩段的內(nèi)容可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意。What is the text mainly about?Winning arguments with other people.Making sure that people do what you want.Using the I method to communicate better.Avoiding having disagreement with friends.C 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，最后一段“Using I in a

52、rguments. . . cut down on the yelling”為全文的中心句，并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，本文通過一個例子介紹了在爭論 中使用代詞“我會使交流更順暢。應(yīng)選C。H.完形填空（2021 湖北省局部重點(diǎn)中學(xué)第一次聯(lián)考）I just took part in my first Mid-Autumn Festival celebration in China. a week after arriving for my graduate studies, I was kind of homesick一memories of past 2 back in Kenya with my

53、 family and friends appearing in my mind. On the morning of Friday, September 13th, the 3 on the campus was very cheerful. Chinese students explained to us the importance of the day as gifts of mooncakes were 4 .Then came the night. The full moon hung 5 in the sky as if it were about to fall. Millio

54、ns of eyes looked at it with 6. Unlike previous nights, a cool breeze swept through the campus. With African music playing on my headphones, I danced in my way, in the wind, and forgetting myself for a moment.As I 8 to my room, I was fascinated by the festivaV s idea. My 9 mindpushed me online where

55、 I came across the poem “Prelude to Water Melody （?水調(diào)歌 頭？），by the well-known Chinese writer Su Dongpo. This poem concisely seized what I was 10. The message and the tone both resonated（弓|起共鳴）with my feelings. Suwondered what time it was in the sky while writing the poem. 11 the time differences betw

56、een China and Kenya, I was constantly trying to 12 what time it was back at home.Finally, Su asked his family to join him in 13 the timeless perfection of a full moon in a 14 night. What a good way to finish! I, too, was hoping that all was well with my family. Despite the distance and 15 that comes

57、 with not seeing or hearing from a loved one, we were all flourishing（健康幸福）when admiring the 16 moon.And while we may go away from home, as happens from time to time； the family remains the most important 17 to our existence. As the Chinese used the holiday to 18with the loved ones, the Kenyan commu

58、nity also got together, shared a meal and walked on the streets under the neon lights.As I wrote this, a day after the Festival, I couldn，t help but look forward to the next. Thank my Chinese friends, whose 19 made me and a crowd of other foreign students experience an 20 Mid-Autumn Festival.【語篇解讀】

59、“我是一位來自肯尼亞的留學(xué)生，在剛來中國的時候，“我有些想 家，但恰逢中國的中秋節(jié)，“我和中國朋友一起過了一個難忘的中秋節(jié)；回到房間后，“我 在網(wǎng)上看到了蘇東坡的詞，體會到其所傳遞的情感之后，“我的思鄉(xiāng)之情變成了對家人的 美好祝福。A. ProperlyB. TypicallyC. ExactlyD. SimilarlyC 根據(jù)下文中的I was kind of homesick”可推知，“我應(yīng)該剛到中國上學(xué)不久。 由此可知，此處表示“我來中國正好一周的時間。應(yīng)選C。A. collectionsB. experiencesC. hobbiesD. expectationsB 根據(jù)本句中的“ho

60、mesick”及memories可知，我思念在肯尼亞和家人、朋 友在一起的那些經(jīng)歷。應(yīng)選B。A. atmosphereB. sceneryC. architectureD. traditionA 根據(jù)本句中的“cheerful”以及文章所提到的中秋節(jié)這個背景可知，當(dāng)時因?yàn)槭侵?秋節(jié)，所以校園里的氣氛非常令人愉快。應(yīng)選A。A. missedB. surroundedC. recoveredD. exchangedD 根據(jù)中秋節(jié)這一背景，以及句中的“gifts”可知，在中秋節(jié)那天，人們把月餅作為 禮物交換。應(yīng)選D。A. unstablyB. proudlyC. constantlyD. perma