完形填空解題思路歸納解讀課件

1、高考完型填空題的解題技巧探究高考完型填空題的解題技巧探究一、完形填空題解題的困難在所有的高考題型中，完型填空歷來(lái)是學(xué)生失分較大的題型。究其原因首先是答題步驟上的失誤。在完型填空的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)中多數(shù)學(xué)生擔(dān)心時(shí)間緊, 草草處理通讀文章的環(huán)節(jié)，甚至在未弄清短文的中心和文章的情節(jié)線索的情況下，匆忙答題。其次是答題技巧積累的欠缺。學(xué)生在做完型填空練習(xí)中，成績(jī)起伏大，連續(xù)錯(cuò)誤多，常常忽略文章中上下文之間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系。另外，遇到長(zhǎng)難句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在語(yǔ)義模糊時(shí)隨意做出選擇，企圖靠運(yùn)氣答題。再加上部分學(xué)生心理素質(zhì)不過(guò)關(guān)。面對(duì)一篇短文多個(gè)挖空及幾十個(gè)選項(xiàng)，易于產(chǎn)生恐懼或急躁的心理，缺乏自信心和良好的心理素質(zhì)，答

2、題的正確率自然下降。一、完形填空題解題的困難在所有的高考題型中，完型填空歷來(lái)是學(xué)二、完形填空題突破的途徑（一）閱讀部分的目標(biāo)：1 能理解文章的基本內(nèi)容。2 能根據(jù)上下文正確理解詞語(yǔ)和句子。3 能歸納文章的主旨大意。4 能推測(cè)文章中的隱含意思。5 能運(yùn)用閱讀技能完成不同文體的閱讀任務(wù)。 上海卷考試手冊(cè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的要求， 二、完形填空題突破的途徑（一）閱讀部分的目標(biāo)：如果把以上閱讀部分所要求的目標(biāo)用于完形填空題，通常可以歸納為兩個(gè)層面的考點(diǎn)，即： 語(yǔ)境理解詞匯辨析。 如果把以上閱讀部分所要求的目標(biāo)用于完形填空題，通?？梢詺w納為（二）完形填空題解題的技巧高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)提倡的是自主性教學(xué)方式，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)

3、過(guò)程中充分發(fā)揮主動(dòng)性、獨(dú)立性和創(chuàng)造性，逐步形成主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)、自我監(jiān)控。自我評(píng)價(jià)和自我反思的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格。在高中閱讀教學(xué)中，可以讓學(xué)生根據(jù)文本的話題和題材，選擇合適的閱讀模式獲取信息。 原則： “邏輯為綱，詞匯為主，常識(shí)為輔”。（二）完形填空題解題的技巧高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)提倡的是自主性教學(xué)方式幾個(gè)解題技巧的類(lèi)型: 1原詞重現(xiàn)型（reoccurrence）例 (1) This is what happens on long submarine voyages. It will also happen on _47_ space flights in the future. (2007年節(jié)選)long B. fa

4、st C. dangerous D. direct 選項(xiàng)：A幾個(gè)解題技巧的類(lèi)型: 1原詞重現(xiàn)型（reoccurrenc例(2) Fiction writers often imagine they are the _63_ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why cant she get it? (2009年節(jié)選) A. features B. themesC. creatures D. characters選項(xiàng)：D例(2) Fiction writers often 例(3) Andrew

5、Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had _52_ several rev

6、isions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup. (2010年節(jié)選)A. Undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced 選項(xiàng)：A例(3) Andrew Lloyd Webbers musSum up：在使用“原詞重現(xiàn)型”的技巧時(shí)，應(yīng)有意識(shí)地在前后文中尋找重復(fù)的信息點(diǎn)，特別注意提及到的同一事物，如例(1)中漫長(zhǎng)的水下航行和漫長(zhǎng)的太空之旅；同一活動(dòng)，如例(2)中小說(shuō)中的人物；同一情景，如例(3)中音樂(lè)劇作品歌劇魅影所經(jīng)歷的修改。涉及到“原詞重現(xiàn)”設(shè)空的選項(xiàng)一般為單詞，該重復(fù)的單詞常常出

7、現(xiàn)在句與句間，當(dāng)然不排除隱藏在段落與段落間。學(xué)生只要在閱讀中始終處于積極、主動(dòng)的狀態(tài)，找到表層理解的重復(fù)信息點(diǎn)就不會(huì)有太大的困難。Sum up：在使用“原詞重現(xiàn)型”的技巧時(shí)，應(yīng)有意識(shí)地在前后2. 近義復(fù)現(xiàn)型（similarity）例(1) Through much of the past century, ads spoke to an audience restricted to just a few radio or television channels or a _58_ number of publications. (2006年節(jié)選) limited B. minimum C. s

8、ufficient D. great 選項(xiàng)：A例(2) When you revise, you change aspects of your work in response to your evolving purpose, or to include _55_ ideas or newly discovered information. (2010年節(jié)選) A. fixed B. ambitiousC. familiar D. fresh選項(xiàng): D2. 近義復(fù)現(xiàn)型（similarity）例(1) 例(3) (Para 2, 首句) Adults, especially parents a

9、nd coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in childrens sports.(Para 3, 首句)As a society, we really need to face up to this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches _61_ should act as better examples for children. (2008年節(jié)選) A. in particular B. in all C. in return D. in advanc

10、e選項(xiàng)：A例(3) (Para 2, 首句) Adults, espeSum up:和“原詞重現(xiàn)型”一樣，“近義復(fù)現(xiàn)型”技巧的靈活運(yùn)用，同屬于閱讀的表層理解，即對(duì)文章的基本信息的掌握，一般通過(guò)略讀、找讀來(lái)理解文章大意，分清文章中的基本事實(shí)和辨別作者的觀點(diǎn)。學(xué)生只需認(rèn)真閱讀空格前后的相關(guān)信息，從近義詞中尋找線索。如例(1)中意為“限定”的動(dòng)詞；例(2)中的意為“新鮮的”的形容詞；例(3)中意為“尤其是”的副詞。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，在前后類(lèi)似的語(yǔ)境中往往存在著意思相近和詞性相同的單詞或短語(yǔ)，學(xué)生只要注意到這些提示信息，勢(shì)必容易做出正確的判斷。Sum up:和“原詞重現(xiàn)型”一樣，“近義復(fù)現(xiàn)型”技巧的靈活3.

11、過(guò)渡銜接型 (transition word): 例(1) _57_ manufacturing efficiently increased the variety of goods and lowered prices, people still relied on advertisements to get most information about products. (2006年節(jié)選) A. Just asB. The momentC. But forD. Although選項(xiàng)：D 讓步關(guān)系3. 過(guò)渡銜接型 (transition word): 例(例(2) _55_ the fau

12、lts already found out in the education system as a whole such as child-centered learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils there have been several serious errors which have a direct effect on language teaching. (2007年節(jié)選) A. Due toB. In addition toC. Instead of D

13、. In spite of選項(xiàng)：B并列關(guān)系例(2) _55_ the faults already 例(3) Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If your goal is to learn to ski, _60_, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). (2009年節(jié)選)in factB. in particularC. as a wholeD. for example選項(xiàng)：D

14、列舉關(guān)系例(4)What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering,- _51_, revising. (2010年節(jié)選)in particularas a result for examplein other words選項(xiàng)D 舉例關(guān)系例(3)例(4)Sum up:在語(yǔ)篇中，過(guò)渡性詞匯常常用來(lái)連接前后文，增加文章的邏輯性

15、和連貫性。句際之間的關(guān)系除了讓步（例1）、并列（例2）、列舉（例3）、補(bǔ)充（例4）之外，還有原因、結(jié)果、對(duì)照、目的、條件、遞進(jìn)等關(guān)系。學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用“過(guò)渡銜接型”的技巧屬于深層理解的掌握。一般通過(guò)精讀、細(xì)讀來(lái)了解句意所表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。只要學(xué)生具有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，會(huì)用已知的信息來(lái)認(rèn)真分析句子內(nèi)部或兩句話之間對(duì)應(yīng)成分的邏輯關(guān)系，理清文章的脈絡(luò)，做題自然會(huì)的得心應(yīng)手。Sum up:在語(yǔ)篇中，過(guò)渡性詞匯常常用來(lái)連接前后文，增加文4. 上下求索型（reasoning）:例(1) Taking advantage of shoppers_63_will no longer be possible: people w

16、ill know - and soon tell others, even those without the internet - that prices in the next town are cheaper or that certain goods are inferior. (2006年節(jié)選)A. generosity B. knowledge C. curiosityD. ignorance選項(xiàng)：Dpeople will know4. 上下求索型（reasoning）:例(1) Takin例(2) Many researchers believe adults, especial

17、ly parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in childrens sports. They believe children _54_ aggressive adult behavior. (2008年節(jié)選) question B. understand C. copyD. neglect選項(xiàng)：C例(3) Most people believe they dont have much imagination. They are _50_. Everyone has imagination, but mo

18、st of us, once we become adults, forget how to make use of it. (2009節(jié)選年)wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic選項(xiàng)：A例(2) Many researchers believe 例(4) However, dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows drafting. Always make time to become your own _59_ and view your d

19、ress rehearsal, so to speak.A. director B. masterC. audience D. visitor選項(xiàng)：C view your dress rehearsal例(4) However, dont make the mSum up:為了體現(xiàn)試卷應(yīng)有的難度和區(qū)分度，完型填空題設(shè)空選項(xiàng)中更多地需要學(xué)生善于撲捉并記憶相關(guān)的信息，從句子、段落的角度進(jìn)行深入的理解，這時(shí)“上下求索型 ”的技巧顯得尤為重要且實(shí)用。通過(guò)前后文的通讀和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜句子的分析，學(xué)生依據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，對(duì)文章內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行合理的揣摩，從而對(duì)整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇有清晰透徹地了解。和“過(guò)渡銜接型”相比，“上下求索型 ”

20、運(yùn)用時(shí)，應(yīng)遵循“先易后難”的原則，不要急于選出答案，而需瞻前顧后，盡可能地找到確鑿的提示后作出符合語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)意的判斷。Sum up:為了體現(xiàn)試卷應(yīng)有的難度和區(qū)分度，完型填空題設(shè)空5. 主題傾向型 （main idea）例(1) （2007年節(jié)選）Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of adjust

21、ment is. When men are shut up together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very _50_ . (主題：封閉空間中人們很難相處)A. pleasingB.

22、annoyingC. commonD. valuable5. 主題傾向型 （main idea）例(1) （2007例(2) （2008年節(jié)選）Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is everything. Many parents go to childrens sportin

23、g events and shout insults at other players or cheer when their child behaves _57_.(主題：球場(chǎng)上的好斗行為的模仿)proudly B. ambitiouslyC. aggressively D. bravely例(2) （2008年節(jié)選）Parents and coac例(3) (2010年節(jié)選）Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. Ins

24、tead, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to switch topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However, dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows drafting. Always make time to become your own audience an

25、d view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you _60_ new ideas. (主題：作品修改的必要性)A. personal B. valuable C. basicD. delicate例(3) (2010年節(jié)選）Revision is not Sum up:有關(guān)“主題傾向型”技巧的設(shè)空選型一定是圍繞文章的主題有選擇地去除部分信息。如果學(xué)生單純地根據(jù)所給的詞語(yǔ)做出判斷，往往會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是適用于空格，且都能補(bǔ)全語(yǔ)篇的內(nèi)容。這時(shí)，學(xué)生能否把握文章的主題，能否弄

26、清表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，能否明了作者的感情色彩就變得尤為重要，因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)閱讀過(guò)程是讀者和文章的交互過(guò)程，相同的一篇文章在不同的讀者眼里一定會(huì)有截然不同的理解。建議學(xué)生在閱讀時(shí)，注意文章或段落的首尾，抓住要領(lǐng)，細(xì)讀字里行間的關(guān)鍵提示。Sum up:有關(guān)“主題傾向型”技巧的設(shè)空選型一定是圍繞文章6. 固定搭配型（collocation）例(1) (2006年節(jié)選) In addition to his tradition, medical treatment, he tried to put his treatment in situation that would _50_ positive emotion

27、s.bring about(帶來(lái)；造成；引起)B. set about (開(kāi)始；著手)C. put up(舉起；搭建；提出；留宿)D. make up (編制；化妝)選項(xiàng)：A6. 固定搭配型（collocation）例(1) (200例(2) (2007年節(jié)選) Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so wild that the most able groups are separate and are _59_while the least able are los

28、t and equally bored.A. kept out (遮擋；使不入內(nèi)) B. turned down (拒絕；音量調(diào)低) C. held back(抑制；阻止) D. left behind (留下；遺留)選項(xiàng)：C例(2) (2007年節(jié)選) Another importa例(3) (2008年節(jié)選) As a society, we really need to _60_ this problem and do something about it.A. look up to (尊敬；敬仰) B. face up to (勇敢地面對(duì)) C. make up for (彌補(bǔ)) D.

29、 come up with(提出；想出)選項(xiàng)：B例(4) (2010年節(jié)選)When you revise, you change aspects of your work in _54_ to your evolving purpose, or to include fresh ideas or newly discovered information.additionB. response C. opposition D. contrast選項(xiàng)：B例(3) (2008年節(jié)選) As a society, w高考卷所考的詞匯均屬于常用詞匯。設(shè)空密度較為平均，單詞為主，短語(yǔ)為輔。其中，設(shè)空單詞

30、均以實(shí)詞為主，分別有名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等通常占90以上。學(xué)生只要在平時(shí)注重基本詞匯的積累及常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)、句型等固定搭配的用法，結(jié)合上下文，比較各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就很容易做出判斷。記住“詞不離句”的原則，在特定語(yǔ)境中理解單詞或短語(yǔ)的含義，特別關(guān)注一詞多義的現(xiàn)象。高考卷所考的詞匯均屬于常用詞匯。設(shè)空密度較為平均，單詞為主，實(shí)例解讀(2010年上學(xué)期風(fēng)華中學(xué)高三期中卷) Billions of people across the world use cell phones. Though cell phones can be wonderful, liberating tools of _50_, fre

31、eing us from the confines of an office and providing more leisure time, they often do the exact _51_. Cell phone use has _52_ the line between work and non-work time, increasing stress and tension within families and between friends. As Eric Slate, author of Technoslave commented in his essay: “It s

32、eems the more _53_ we are, the more detached （不相連的）we become.”實(shí)例解讀(2010年上學(xué)期風(fēng)華中學(xué)高三期中卷) Bil There is risk of being too connected. While I was hiking in Spain, I got _54_ a few times. I saw new sights and was surprised by _55_ landscapes and towns I wouldnt have otherwise come across. Back in the US, w

33、henever I got lost, I would always call a friend for _56_ on my cell phone, With a cell phone, you are less _57_ to go down the wrong street and see new things or unexpectedly meet new people. There is risk of being too So, when I recently returned home to Burlington, I _58_ my cell phone and traded

34、 in an old, rusty bike and a regular landline telephone that was connected to the wall. Now, I go outside and dont make a phone call or check my phone. _59_, Ive seen things in my neighborhood I _60_ noticed before, like a big flower garden around the block and artwork and sculptures down the road.

35、So, when I recently return Now that Im not _61_ my cell phone, Ive met new people on the street and at the supermarket, started _62_ with neighbors I havent spoken with before and talk with my friends face-to-face instead of over the phone. Instead of _63_ me from the world, getting rid of my cell phone has helped me become more in touch with my community. I am no longer _64_ of my cell phone. Now that Im not _61_ my50.A. informationB. communication C