2023屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：常見的閱讀理解正確答案的設(shè)置與出處規(guī)律 講義（含答案）

1、高考英語復(fù)習(xí)備考：常見的閱讀理解正確答案的設(shè)置與出處規(guī)律一、常位于段首段尾處，往往是同義替換英語文章的主題句經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在首段，段落的主題句經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在段首。此外，首段的末句或第二段的首句常常也是文章的主題句。文章的尾段或者段落的結(jié)尾一般會(huì)是概括和總結(jié)性的陳述，經(jīng)常會(huì)得出某種結(jié)論或提出某項(xiàng)建議，因此文章的段首段尾，經(jīng)常是高考英語閱讀理解設(shè)題的題眼。高考英語閱讀理解題的正確選項(xiàng)大都不會(huì)直接采用原文的表達(dá)方式，而是采用同義替換的形式。【例1】(2021年新高考I卷，閱讀理解D篇)An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitorthe hea

2、lth of grazing cattle, a development that could bringbig changes to a profession that s relied largely on a low-techapproach for decades but is facinga labor shortage.A. Soil pollution.B. Lack of workers.C. Aging machines.D. Low profitability.根據(jù)文章第一段可知，澳大利亞的一名教授正在開發(fā)一種機(jī)器人，用于監(jiān)測(cè)放牧牛的健康狀況，這一開發(fā)可能會(huì)給畜牧業(yè)帶來重大

3、變化。幾十年來，畜牧業(yè)主要依靠低技術(shù)手段，但目前正面臨勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題。a labor shortage與B選項(xiàng)“Lack of workers.”為同義替換。故選B。【例2】(2022年1月浙江卷，閱讀理解A篇)It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about$ 30000 per year before tax. She doesnt work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car even with air condi

4、tioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless-the same old wanderlust retiming. Its a call she must handle alone. Though. Mere Beth says, “When Im on the road, Im just in my own world. Ive always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.23. What can we learn about Me

5、re Beth in her new job?A. She has chances to see rare animals.B.She works hard throughout the year.C. She relies on herself the whole time.D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary根據(jù)最后一句“When Im on the road, Im just in my own world. Ive always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I

6、must help animals.可知，當(dāng)“我”在路上的時(shí)候，“我”只是在自己的世界里。“我”一直很獨(dú)立，“我”強(qiáng)烈地覺得“我”必須幫助動(dòng)物?！癐ve always been independent-spirited”與C選項(xiàng)“She relies on herself the whole time.”為同義替換。故選C。【例3】(2021年新高考II卷，閱讀理解D篇)Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. MichaelKelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma C cattlemensAssoc

7、iation, said a robot could be extremely useful givenrising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept inremote places and their value has risen, making them appealingtargets.35. How may robots help with cattle watching accordingto Michael Kelsey?A. Increase the value of cattle.B. Bring down

8、 the cost of labor.C. Make the job more appealing.D. Keep cattle from being stolen.根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice-president of the Oklahoma Cattlemens Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.”可知，俄克拉荷馬州的養(yǎng)牛人協(xié)會(huì)副會(huì)長Michael Kelsey Paris說,鑒于人們對(duì)偷牛的

9、擔(dān)憂不斷上升，機(jī)器人可能會(huì)非常有用。“ate theft”和D選項(xiàng)中的“being stolen”為同義替換。故選D?！纠?】(2021年全國甲卷，閱讀理解D篇)Heres the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素)like gender

10、, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力),and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.34. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B.

11、Less discrimination against women.C. Acceptance of victors concepts.D. Changes in peoples social positions.根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Ina wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors

12、(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius可知，在一個(gè)不斷進(jìn)行全球交流的有線世界里，我們都能看到天才的閃光。我們看得越多，我們就越會(huì)看到，像性別、種族和階級(jí)等社會(huì)因素并不能決定天才的外表。constant global communication和A選項(xiàng)“Improved global communication.”為同義替換。故選A。二、抽象概括的為正確選項(xiàng)正確選項(xiàng)常常是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的概括、歸納或推斷。主旨大意題和推理判斷題以及部分細(xì)節(jié)理解題的正確選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置都遵循這個(gè)規(guī)律，這就要求學(xué)生要透

13、過現(xiàn)象去認(rèn)識(shí)選項(xiàng)的本質(zhì)。【例1】(2022年1月浙江卷，閱讀理解C篇)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but theres a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(失智癥)in later life, and if they d

14、id, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent DementiaB. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More ExerciseC.Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop DementiaD. Biking Improves Womens Cardiovascular Fitness根

15、據(jù)文章第一段中的“New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90percent less likely to develop dementia (失智癥)in later life, and if they did, it came one decade later than less sporty women.”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，身體健康的中年女性在晚年患失智癥的可能性要低近90%，而且如果她們患了失智癥，也要比不喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)的女性晚十年。文章后面幾段通過介紹實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹⑦^程

16、、方式、結(jié)果等，說明了身體健康的中年女性在老年時(shí)患失智癥的幾率會(huì)大大降低。其他選項(xiàng)要么說法與原文不符，要么斷章取義，要么沒有概括。故選C?！纠?】(2021年全國甲卷，閱讀理解C篇)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endl

17、ess bluc-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.31. What message does the author seem to convey in theA. Children should learn a second language.B. Sport is necessary for childrens health.C. Children need a sense of belonging.D. Seeing the world is a must for children.

18、根據(jù)文章第一段最后兩句“Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.可知，沒有了“我”心愛的海灘和無盡的藍(lán)天的日子，“我”感到不知所措，格格不人。直到“我”有了一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第二段的描述可知，作者與當(dāng)?shù)鼗锇閭兿矏弁婊?。再根?jù)第四段首句“When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending h

19、ours there.”可知，2004年回到倫敦時(shí)，“我”自己去了南岸，在那里待了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。由此推斷，孩子們需要?dú)w屬感。故選C。此題需要考生讀完后歸納總結(jié)從而得出答案，屬于抽象概括。三、反向思維，說法不絕對(duì)的為正確選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)一般用反向表述、雙重否定、被動(dòng)句式或相反的邏輯關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)中一般不包含only, absolutely之類的詞,包含can, may, might, likely之類的詞?！纠?】(2021年全國乙卷，閱讀理解D篇)So why do so many of us hate our open offices?The problem may be that, in our off

20、ices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while we retrying to focus.Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a cowering space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also prov

21、iding freedom from interruptions.34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?A. Personal privacy unprotected.B. Limited working space.C. Restrictions on group discussion.D. Constant interruptions.由文章最后一段中的“The problem may be that, in orifices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn int

22、o others conversations while were trying to focus.”可知，問題是在我們的辦公室中當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D集中注意力的時(shí)候，我們無法阻止自己卷人別人的談話中。換句話說就是注意力持續(xù)被打斷。故選D。【例2】(2021年全國乙卷，閱讀理解B篇)These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of I5 who doesnt own a mobile phone.In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocke

23、t Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.24. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobilephones?A. Their target users.B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functionsD. Their complex design.根據(jù)“These days youd be hard pressed to find dynein Australia over the age of I5

24、 who doesnt own a mobile phone.可知，如今，在澳大利亞，你很難找到一個(gè)15歲以上的人沒有手機(jī)。換句話說就是手機(jī)廣受歡迎。故選B?！纠?】(2021年全國甲卷，閱讀理解D篇)In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is nota surprise.Its said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set

25、 the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.32. What does the author think of victors standards for joining the genius club?A. They re unfair

26、.B. Theyre conservative.C. Theyre objective.D. Theyre strict.根據(jù)第三段中的“Its said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they w

27、ere unacknowledged and rejected by others.可知，據(jù)說歷史是由勝利者書寫的，勝利者制定了進(jìn)人天才俱樂部的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)俱樂部外的天才一一婦女，或不同膚色或信仰的人做出了貢獻(xiàn)，他們不被別人承認(rèn)而且會(huì)被拒絕。再根據(jù)第四段中的“Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesnt take genius to know the answer: absolutely not.可知，我們的星球能承受任何偉大的思想家變得氣餒和放棄嗎?不需要天才就

28、能知道答案:絕對(duì)不行。由此推斷作者認(rèn)為勝利者制定的加人天才俱樂部的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不公正的。故選A。四、根據(jù)內(nèi)容推測(cè)文章出處和類型一般而言，若文中出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或新聞報(bào)道的出處，文章為新聞(newspaper);若文章介紹新產(chǎn)品、新影片、新書，文章為廣告(advertisement);若文中出現(xiàn)click here/website/www.等網(wǎng)絡(luò)的相關(guān)表述，文章出處為網(wǎng)站(website);若文章介紹旅游景點(diǎn)及事項(xiàng)，文章出處為旅游指南/手冊(cè)(travel guide);若文章介紹時(shí)尚、娛樂方面的內(nèi)容，文章出處為雜志、期刊和娛樂節(jié)目(magazine/journal/entertainment);若文章介紹科普知識(shí)或研究，文章出處為科學(xué)報(bào)告、學(xué)術(shù)研究(science report/study report)