2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號40

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題It may have been because of the weather, or （ ） it may have been the result of indigestion.問題1選項A.alternativeB.alternativelyC.alternateD.alternately【答案】B【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項alternative“供選擇的；選擇性的；交替的”；B選項alternatively“要不，或者；

2、非此即彼；二者擇一地；作為一種選擇”；C選項alternate“交替的，輪流的；間隔的”；D選項alternately“交替地；輪流地；隔一個地”。根據空格位置可以判斷出此處需要填入一個副詞修飾句子，排除A選項和C選項。句意：這可能是由于天氣，也可能是消化不良的結果。本句表示“在消化不良和天氣這兩個原因中選一個”，因此B選項正確。2.翻譯題Translate the following part into Chinese.What makes a home? Love and comfort. It is a place where kindly affections exist among

3、all the members of the family.A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. Your home may be poor and humble, but it is the place you have the duty to try to make it cheerful and comfortable. A home is more than a family dwelling. It is also a school in which people are

4、trained for citizenship. It is the basis and origin of civilization.【答案】組成家庭的因素是什么？愛和安慰。家是一個所有家庭成員凝結愛的地方。一個沒有愛的家庭稱不上是家，就像沒有靈魂的軀體不再是人一樣。你的家可能貧窮而簡陋，但你有職責努力讓它變得愉快和舒適。家不僅僅是一個供人居住的地方，它也是一個培養(yǎng)人們成為公民的場所，是文明的基礎和起源。3.單選題Applied science is（ ）discovering ways to use the knowledge of theoretical science.問題1選項A.c

5、oncerned aboutB.combined withC.concerned forD.concerned with【答案】D【解析】考查詞組辨析。be concerned about “擔心，關心”；be combined with “與聯(lián)合”；be concerned for “為擔憂”；be concerned with “涉及，參與，關心”。根據后面“探究理論科學知識的運用方法”可知是 applied science “應用科學”涉及到的具體內容，因此選項D符合題意。4.單選題Hydrogen and oxygen are present in water in the（ ）of

6、1 to 8 by weight.問題1選項A.rateB.proportionC.ratioD.scale【答案】C【解析】考查近義詞辨析。rate，proportion，ratio，scale都有“比例”的意思，rate指比率，比值等，強調部分相對整體形成的比率；proportion指比例關系，在使用時通常不出現(xiàn)具體的比值；ratio指兩個量之間的比值，通常相關的兩個量必須在上下文中直接出現(xiàn)；scale指比例尺。句意：氫氣和氧氣在水中以1比8的重量比存在。本句表示氫氣和氧氣兩個量之間的比值。因此C選項正確。5.翻譯題Translate the following part into Eng

7、lish.北京奧運會弘揚了團結、友誼、和平的奧林匹克精神，成為世界各國人民共同見證的文化交流的盛會。北京奧運會的成功，是中國人民和世界各國人民共同努力的結果。 榮譽屬于國際奧林匹克大家庭，屬于在比賽場上奮勇爭先的運動員，屬于來自世界各地的自愿者。北京奧運會的舉辦，將更加有力地促進中國體育事業(yè)向前發(fā)展，將更加廣泛地促進中國同國際奧林匹克大家庭的交流合作，將更加深入地促進中國人民同世界各國人民的相互了解和友誼?！敬鸢浮縏he Beijing Olympic Games has promoted the Olympic spirit of solidarity, friendship and pea

8、ce. It has become a grand even of cultural exchanges witnessed by people of the whole world. The success of the Beijing Olympic Games is attributable to the concerted efforts of the Chinese people and people from the rest of the world. The glory goes to the Olympic Family, to athletes who have compe

9、ted hard, to volunteers from different parts of the world. The hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games will give a boost to the further development of sports in China, promote more extensive exchanges and cooperation between China and the International Olympic Family and further enhance the mutual unde

10、rstanding and friendship between the Chinese people and people of all other countries.6.單選題The ad of four-wheeled vehicle gives viewers a feeling of（ ）that no matter what happens weatherwise, no matter how much it snows or how bad the mudslides are, you can go out in your four-wheel drive.問題1選項A.inv

11、ulnerabilityB.irrationalityC.ambiguityD.simplicity【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項invulnerability“刀槍不入，不會受傷害”；B選項irrationality“不合理，無理性”；C選項ambiguity“含糊，不明確”；D選項simplicity“樸素，簡易”。句意：四輪汽車的廣告給觀眾一種無堅不摧的感覺，不管天氣如何，不管下多大的雪，不管泥石流有多嚴重，都可以開著四輪汽車出門。本句表示四輪汽車不會受到傷害。因此A選項正確。7.單選題Could you possibly（ ）me at the next committee m

12、eeting?問題1選項A.come up withB.make up forC.do away withD.stand in for【答案】D【解析】考查短語。come up with “提出，想出”；make up for “補償，彌補”；do away with “廢除，去掉”；stand in for “代替”。將四個選項代入空格處只有選項D符合。8.單選題When the first of the two Viking landers touched down on Martian soil on July 20, 1976, and began to send camera ima

13、ges back to Earth, the scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory could not suppress a certain nervous anticipation, like people who hold a ticket to a lottery they have a one-in-a-million chance of winning. The first photographs that arrived, however, did not contain any evidence of life. What rev

14、ealed itself to them was merely a barren landscape littered with rocks. The view resembled nothing so much as a flat section of desert in fact, the winning entry in a contest at J. P. L. for the photograph most accurately predicting what Mars would look like as a snapshot taken in a particularly ari

15、d section of the Mojave Desert.The scientists were soon ready to turn their attention from visible life to microorganisms. The twin Viking landers carried three experiments designed to detect current biological activity and one to detect organic compounds, because researchers thought it possible tha

16、t life had developed on early Mars just as it is thought to have developed on Earth, through the gradual chemical evolution of complex organic molecules（分子）.To detect biological activity, Martian soil samples were treated with various nutrients that would produce characteristic by-products if life f

17、orms were active in the soil. The results from all three experiments were inconclusive. The fourth experiment heated a soil sample to look for sign of organic material but found none, an unexpected result because at least organic compounds from the steady bombardment of the Martian surface by meteor

18、ites （限星）were thought to have been present.The absence of organic material, some scientists speculated, was the result of intense ultraviolet radiation penetrating the atmosphere which was at one time rich in carbon dioxide and thus thick enough to protect its surface from the harmful ray of the Sun

19、, the carbon dioxide had gradually left the atmosphere and been converted into rocks. This means that even if life had gotten a start on early Mars, it could not have survived the exposure to ultraviolet radiation when the atmosphere thinned. Mars never developed a protective layer of ozone as Earth

20、 did.Despite the disappointed Viking results, there are those who still keep open the possibility of life on Mars. They point out that the Viking data cannot be considered the final word on Martian life because the two landers only sampled two limited and uninteresting sites. The Viking landing site

21、s were not chosen for what they might tell of the planets biology. They were chosen primarily because they appeared to be safe of landing a spacecraft. The landing sites were on part of the Martian plains that appeared relatively featureless from orbital photography.The type of Martian terrain that

22、these researchers suggest may be a possible hiding place for active life has an earthly parallel: the ice-free region of southern Victoria land. Antarctica, where the temperatures in some dry valley average below zero. Organisms known as endoliths, a form of blue-green algae (藻類)that has adopted to

23、this harsh environment, were found living inside certain porous rocks in these Antarctic valleys. The argument based on this discovery is that if life did exist on early Mars, it is possible that it escaped worsening condition by similarly seeking too dry, even compared with Antarctic valleys, to su

24、stain any life whatsoever.Should Mars eventually prove to be completely barren of life, as some suspect, then this would have a significant impact on the current view of the chemical origin of life. It could be much more difficult to get life started on a planet than scientists thought before the Vi

25、king landings.1. The major purpose of the passage is to（ ）.2. The author used the evidence from the four Viking experiments (paragraph 2) to establish that（ ）.3. The author suggests that important difference between Mars and Earth is that unlike Earth, Mars（ ）.4. In paragraph 5, the researchers argu

26、ment that life may exist in Martian rocks rests on the idea that（ ）.問題1選項A.relate an account of an extraordinary scientific achievementB.undermine the prevailing belief that life may exist on MarsC.show the limitations of the scientific investigation of other planetsD.discuss the efforts of scientis

27、ts to determine whether Martian life exist問題2選項A.meteorites do not strike the surface of Mars as often as scientists had thought.B.there was no experimental confirmation of the theory that life exist on Mars.C.current theory as to how life developed on Earth is probable flawed.D.biological activity

28、has been shown to be absent from the surface of Mars.問題3選項A.could not have sustained life that developedB.possessed at one time an atmosphere rich in carbon dioxideC.is in the path of the harmful rays of ultraviolet radiationD.accumulated organic compounds from the steady bombardment of meteorites問題

29、4選項A.life evolved in the same way on two different planetsB.life developed in the form of blue-green algae on MarsC.organisms may adopt identical survival strategies in comparable environmentsD.endoliths are capable of living in the harsh environment of Mars【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“

30、文章的主要目的是什么？”文章第一段提到科學家們通過圖像并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)火星上可見的生命，接下來講述了科學家們通過火星土樣也沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)火星上有微生物存在，然后推測原因，最后一段提到如果火星最后被證明沒有生命存在可能帶來的影響，由此可知本文主要是講述了科學家們努力確定火星上有無生命，因此選項D符合題意。2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者使用四個火星實驗得來的證據是為了”。文章第二段提到“因為研究人員認為有可能早期火星上的生命就想地球上的生命一樣”（because researchers thought it possible that life had developed on early Mars jus

31、t as it is thought to have developed on Earth），但是在火星土樣中沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何跡象（The fourth experiment heated a soil sample to look for sign of organic material but found none），因此選項B“火星上有生命這一理論沒有得到實驗的證實”符合題意。3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為火星和地球之間的重要區(qū)別在于不像地球,火星”。文章第三段提到“是強烈的紫外線輻射穿透大氣層的結果”(was the result of intense ultraviolet rad

32、iation penetrating the atmosphere)，最后一句提到“火星沒有像地球那樣形成一層保護臭氧層”(Mars never developed a protective layer of ozone as Earth did)。選項C“在紫外線輻射的有害射線路徑上”符合題意。4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第五段中，研究者認為火星巖石上有生命的觀點是依靠”。文章第五段提到“基于該發(fā)現(xiàn)的論證是如果有生命存在于早期的火星上，那么這些生命就可能通過尋找比南極干谷更干燥的環(huán)境來維持生命形式”（The argument based on this discovery is that

33、if life did exist on early Mars, it is possible that it escaped worsening condition by similarly seeking too dry, even compared with Antarctic valleys, to sustain any life whatsoever），選項C“生命體在類似環(huán)境中可能采取同樣的生存策略”符合題意。9.單選題I was very pleased（ ）the room you provided（ ）me.問題1選項A./, toB./, forC.with, toD.w

34、ith, for【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be pleased with“對感到滿意”；provide sth. for sb.“向某人提供某物”。句意：我對你為我提供的房間非常滿意。因此D選項正確。10.翻譯題Translate the following part into Chinese.Friendship is both a source of pleasure and component of good health. People who have close friends naturally enjoy their company. Of equal importanc

35、e are the concrete emotional benefits they derive. When something sensational happens to us, sharing the happiness of the occasion with friends intensifies our joy. Conversely, in times of trouble and tension, when our spirits are low, unburdening our worries and fears to compassionate friend allevi

36、ates the stress. Moreover, we may even get some practical suggestions for solving a particular problem.【答案】友誼既是快樂的源泉又是健康的要素。有好友的人們總是喜歡友人的陪伴。同樣重要的是，人們能夠從友誼那里獲得實實在在的情感方面的益處。當有好事發(fā)生的時候，與朋友分享這份快樂會使你的快樂加倍。相反地，當我們身處麻煩和壓力當中，情緒低落的時候，向朋友傾訴憂慮和恐懼會減輕你的壓力。而且，我們甚至還可以從朋友那里獲得實用的建議來解決特定的問題。11.單選題- “Doesnt your wife r

37、estrain you from smoking?” - “I（ ）from smoking ever since our marriage.” 問題1選項A.restrainedB.have restrainedC.refrainedD.have refrained【答案】D【解析】考查時態(tài)。由關鍵詞since our marriage可知戒煙這件事從過去發(fā)生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，排除A, C選項；Refrain為不及物動詞，后面要加上from，構成固定搭配refrain from（不再做某事），因此D選項正確。12.單選題The walkers in front crossed the ledg

38、e easily, seemingly（ ）of the fact that there was a 3000-foot drop on either side.問題1選項A.pretentiousB.remindfulC.attentiveD.oblivious【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。pretentious “炫耀的，做作的”; remindful “提醒的，留意的”；attentive “注意的，體貼的”； oblivious “遺忘的；不注意的”。前半句的句意是：前面的人輕松地跨過了巖架，與后文“巖架兩側深達3000英尺”形成對比，可推測空格處是要表達“好像沒有注意到”，選

39、項D符合題意。13.單選題The property-rich but credit-starved homeowners are easy targets for second-mortgage companies, whose salespeople use phone directories or（ ）door-to-door in targeted zip codes.問題1選項A.fickleB.canvassC.boonD.deride【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞和動詞辨析。A選項fickle“浮躁的，易變的”；B選項canvass“游說，推銷”；C選項boon“愉快的，慷慨的”；D

40、選項deride“嘲笑，嘲弄”。句意：那些擁有大量房產但缺乏信貸的房主很容易成為次級抵押貸款公司的目標，這些公司的銷售人員利用電話號碼簿或在目標郵政編碼地區(qū)挨家挨戶進行推銷。本句表示向目標房主進行推銷。因此B選項正確。14.翻譯題Translate the following part into English.縱觀國際國內大勢，我國發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期。我們要準確判斷重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期內涵和條件的變化，全面把握機遇，沉著應對挑戰(zhàn)，贏得主動，贏得優(yōu)勢，贏得未來，確保到2020年實現(xiàn)全面建設成小康社會的宏偉目標。【答案】An examination of both the curr

41、ent international and domestic environments shows that China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved. We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, r

42、espond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.15.單選題Inflation is an economic condition in（1）prices for consumer goods（2）and the（3）of money or pu

43、rchasing power decreases.There are three important causes of inflation. The first and most important cause may be excessive government spending. For example, in order to（4）a war or carry （5）social programs, the government may spend more money than it has received through taxes and other revenue, thu

44、s creating a deficit. In order to（6）this deficit, the Treasury Department can simply（7） the money supply by issuing more paper money to（8） the debts of government. This increase in the money supply will cause the value of the dollar to（9）decrease. The second cause of inflation occurs when the money

45、supply increases faster than the supply of goods.（10）people have more money, they will run out to buy popular goods(11television and computers, for example, and a shortage will result.Industry will then produce more, at higher prices, to（12）demand.（13）, if people think that the prices of popular goo

46、ds are going up, they will buy and even borrow money at high （14）rates to pay for them. Finally, if labor unions demand that works wages（15）to（16）the high cost of living, industry will meet his demand and add other cost of production on to the（17）.（18）summary, all of these causes can（19）inflationary

47、 problems that can affect the welfare of a nation. However, of these three causes, （20）government spending may be the most important.問題1選項A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this問題2選項A.raiseB.increaseC.decreaseD.lower問題3選項A.priceB.costC.valueD.spending問題4選項A.payB.offerC.fightD.finance問題5選項A.awayB.offC.onD.out問題6選項

48、A.offsetB.compensateC.exchangeD.accomplish問題7選項A.extendB.expandC.spendD.explore問題8選項A.meetB.respondC.spendD.return問題9選項A.automaticallyB.exceedinglyC.timelyD.excessively問題10選項A.For fear thatB.WhetherC.IfD.Though問題11選項A.ofB.likeC.asD.except問題12選項A.supplyB.satisfyC.plentyD.comply問題13選項A.FurthermoreB.Ot

49、herwiseC.NeverthelessD.However問題14選項A.interestingB.uninterestingC.interestedD.interest問題15選項A.be increasedB.increasedC.should increaseD.increase問題16選項A.protestB.restrictC.imposeD.cover問題17選項A.controllerB.managerC.consumerD.employer問題18選項A.ByB.AtC.OnD.In問題19選項A.createB.inventC.resultD.discover問題20選項A

50、.productiveB.insufficientC.excessiveD.processing【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:C第4題:D第5題:D第6題:A第7題:B第8題:A第9題:A第10題:C第11題:B第12題:B第13題:A第14題:D第15題:A第16題:D第17題:C第18題:D第19題:A第20題:C【解析】1.考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空格處缺少一個引導定語從句的引導詞，先行詞是economic condition，介詞后面的定語從句引導詞不能用that，因此選項C符合題意。2.考查邏輯關系。根據后面的purchasing power decreases可推斷空

51、格處的動詞應該與decrease相反，所以選項B符合題意。3.考查邏輯關系。根據并列連詞or可知其前后的內容是相近的，因此 the _ of money應該與 purchasing power意思相近，因此選項C符合題意。4.考查動詞詞義辨析。pay “支付”； offer “提供”； fight “與打仗”; finance “負擔經費”。后面提到政府spend more money（花更多的錢），可知前面是花錢在戰(zhàn)爭上，因此finance a war 符合題意。5.考查詞組辨析。carry away “運走，使失去自制力”; carry off “奪去，奪得”； carry on “繼續(xù)，

52、參與”；carry out “實施”。與social program搭配的動詞詞組是carry out，所以選項D符合題意。6.考查固定搭配。offset “抵消；補償”;compensate “補償，賠償”； exchange “交換”；accomplish “完成，實現(xiàn)”。offset deficit “彌補財政赤字”為固定搭配，選項A符合題意。7.考查動詞詞義辨析。extend “延伸”；expand “擴張”；spend “度過，花費”； explore “探索”。根據后面issuing more paper money可知前面是在擴大紙幣供應，因此選項B符合題意。8.考查固定搭配。m

53、eet debts是“償清債務”的固定搭配，選項A符合題意。9.考查副詞詞義辨析。automatically “自動地”；exceedingly “非常；極其”；timely “及時地”；excessively “過分地”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵贺泿殴康脑黾訉е仑泿艃r值自動下降。因此選項A符合題意。10.考查條件狀語從句。根據后面的主句they will run out，主句使用將來時態(tài)可知空格處所在的分句是一個條件狀語從句，因此選項C符合題意。11.考查介詞詞義辨析。television and computers屬于popular goods，前者是對后者具體的舉例說明，因此選項

54、B符合題意。12.考查詞義辨析。supply “供給，提供”；satisfy “滿足，說服”； plenty “足夠的”；comply “遵守，遵從”。Industry will then produce more, at higher prices “工廠會以更高的價格生產更多的產品”，to 表目的，“為了滿足需求”，選項B符合題意。13.考查邏輯關系。根據 if people think that the prices of popular goods are going up （如果人們認為快銷產品的價格正在上漲），可知與前句是一個遞進的關系，因此選項A符合題意。14.考查固定搭配。in

55、terest rate “利率”是固定用法，選項A符合題意。15.考查虛擬語氣。demand后接賓語從句時，從句的謂語一般要用虛擬語氣：should + 動詞原形，其中should可以省略；此外，works wages與動詞increase之間是被動關系，因此要用被動式，選項A符合題意。16.考查固定搭配。cover the cost “支付費用”是固定用法，選項D符合題意。17.考查名詞詞義辨析。controller “控制器”；manager “經理，管理人員”；consumer “消費者，用戶”； employer “老板，雇主”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵荷a方為滿足要求會將生產成本加在

56、消費者身上，因此選項C符合題意。18.考查固定搭配。in summary “概括起來，總之”是固定用法，選項D符合題意。19.考查動詞詞義辨析。all of these causes can 79 inflationary problems （所有這些因素都可能導致通貨膨脹問題），四個選項中A與C都有“導致”的意思，但是result通常與介詞in連用，因此選項A符合題意。20.考查詞義辨析。productive “能生產的”；insufficient “不足的”；excessive “過多的”； processing “加工”。文章講述了導致通貨膨脹的三個因素，第二段第二句話The first

57、 and most important cause may be excessive government spending，由此可知選項C符合題意。16.單選題The problem should be discussed first, for it takes（ ）over all the other issues.問題1選項A.presumptionB.prosperityC.precedenceD.probability【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。presumption “放肆，傲慢；推測”； prosperity “繁榮，成功”；precedence “優(yōu)先；居先”； pro

58、bability “可能性”。根據前半句“這個問題應該最先被討論”可知這個問題優(yōu)先于其他的，因此選項C符合題意。17.單選題It is said that the custom of shaking hands originated when primitive men held out empty hands to indicate that they had no（ ）weapons and were thus amicably disposed.問題1選項A.lethalB.murderousC.concealedD.secret【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。lethal “致命

59、的”； murderous “殺人的；殘忍的”；concealed “隱蔽的”； secret “秘密的”。由held out empty hands “伸出空手”可知是沒有“隱藏的武器”，選項C符合題意。18.單選題The professor gave（ ）instruction to the whole class so as to make every student understand how to conduct the experiment in the lab.問題1選項A.authoritativeB.afflictiveC.explicitD.obvious【答案】C【解析

60、】考查形容詞詞義辨析。authoritative “有權威的”； afflictive “難受的，苦惱的”； explicit “明確的”; obvious “明顯的”。根據后面make every student understand how to conduct the experiment in the lab“讓每個學生知道如何在實驗室中進行實驗”可知教授給出了“詳細的說明”，選項C符合題意。19.單選題Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required t