Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructure課件-人教版高中英語必修第三冊

1、 Discovering Useful Structure Unit 4 Space Exploration主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)意義一般時表示動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動作之后完成時表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前進(jìn)行時表示謂語動作發(fā)生時，不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行時表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前且一直持續(xù)到謂語動作發(fā)生時仍在進(jìn)行不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)to doto be doneto have doneto have been doneto be doingto have been doingLook at the following sentences and focus on the itali

2、cized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. P42 Ex.1Functions of infinitives1.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.(作_)2.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. (作_)3.First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a

3、 related college degree.(作_)4.Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. (作_)5.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. (作_)目的狀語定語目的狀語目的狀語Summary: 1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)：_ 2. 分析上面的句子，我們知道在描述太空探索時，動詞不定式不僅可以用來作 表_，還可以用來作_，表_。定語to

4、+do原形目的定語修飾狀語Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as attribute.P42 Ex2（1、3）Functions of infinitives as attribute1.In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space. =In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became the first person_ in space.2.Mankind has always been curious about the

5、 universe and many people have dreamed that one day they would fly into space. =Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dream _ space.to get married to fly intoSummary: 動詞不定式用作定語， 放在被修飾的名詞后面。 1.名詞前有first, last, next, only等詞以及最高級修飾時, 其后要用動詞不定式。 She was the first woman

6、to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 2.動詞不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語, 表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。 We have much homework to do tonight. Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as attribute.3.But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire that he can do some useful work for the disabled. =But Janis Adkins has the a

7、bility and desire _ for the disabled.4.I usually have a lot of meetings which I have to attend next week. =I usually have a lot of meetings_. to do some useful work to attendFunctions of infinitives as attributeSummary: 3. 抽象名詞attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代詞

8、something, nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定語。Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.4. 當(dāng)名詞與定語之間存在動賓關(guān)系時。She is a nice person to work with.Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as attribute.5.We need someone who can go and ask for a doctor. =We need someone _.6. Anderson gave her his sugges

9、tion that she should insist on her task. =Anderson gave her his suggestion _.to go and ask for a doctor to insist on her task Summary: 5. 當(dāng)名詞與定語之間存在主謂關(guān)系時。We must find a person to do the job. 6. 當(dāng)名詞與定語有同位關(guān)系時。We got the order to leave the city. Functions of infinitives as attributePractice(1) The airp

10、ort _(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2) Do you have anything _(do) tonight? (3) The best way _(improve) your English is to join an English club. (4) Miss Liu is a very nice person_(work) with. (5) China is the third country in the world_(send) men into space. (6) Mary h

11、ad great determination _(achieve) her goal.(7) The German girl has the ability _(learn) Chinese well.(8) I have something important _(tell) you.to completeto doto improveto workto sendto achieveto learnto tell1. A group of young people got together to discuss this question.2. I walked quietly so as

12、not to disturb the baby.3. He worked very hard to pass the exam. He worked so hard that he could pass the exam. He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam. Functions of infinitives as adverbialSummary:不定式作目的狀語，常譯作“_”。主要用來修飾 _和 形容詞, 也可用來修飾副詞 1. 目的狀語, 置于句首或句末, 置于句首時常表示強(qiáng)調(diào),為加強(qiáng)語氣。 (1) 置于

13、句首時只用to do / in order to do。如用于表示否定, 用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。 (2)不定式作目的狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換為 so that / in order that 或 so. . . that . . . 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。目的狀語目的狀語目的狀語以便，目的是 動詞 在句中,不定式可不僅作目的狀語，還可以作原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、條件狀語等, 可表示原因及結(jié)果等。Functions of infinitives as adverbial結(jié)果狀語, 多見于“too. . . to”; “enough to. . . ”; o

14、nly to do(表示意料之外的結(jié)果的發(fā)生); so/such. . . as to(意為“如此以至于”)結(jié)構(gòu)句中。 2. I was very sad to hear the news. 3.He is old enough to go to school . Im too tired to well. He rushed back, do only to find the book missing.原因狀語，多見于 sb + be + adj.+ to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it

15、on, only to find it didnt fit. His father passed away, leaving him a little money. (1) 動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種意想不到的結(jié)果。(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種自然而然的結(jié)果。Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as adverbial. P42Ex.2(2/4/5/6)1. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.

16、 =In space, astronauts collect all dirty water _ _it for later use. 2.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. =Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of

17、 gravity, so they need to exercise every day_.3. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. =Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space _ _ _.4. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move

18、 slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control. =During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly_ _.so as to/in order to/to recycleso as to/in order to/to keep healthyPractice1:so as not to/in order not to/not to float off so as to/in order to/to keep their bodies under control Practice

19、2:(1) _(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. (2)_(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. (3)He hurried to the station only _(find) the train had left. (4)We travel on Day 2 to northern

20、France _(visit) the World Warbattlefields. (5)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad _(find) them alive. (6)Join us _(taste) a variety of fresh local food. To work outTo learnto findto visitto findto tasteTo do exercise is beneficial to our health.To form a good habit of lear

21、ning is important for us students.Functions of infinitives as subjectSummary:單個的不定式作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。兩個或兩個以上的不定式作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)它們作為一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。it作形式主語，真正的主語放在句子的后面。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：It isadj.(of/for sb.) to do.It isa/an名詞to do.It takes (sb.) some time/courage/patience.to do.It requires courage/patience/hard

22、work.to do.1.Whats more, its necessary for you to take a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.2.Im sure it is a good chance to perform your favorite music.Functions of infinitives as predicateMy work is to clean the rooms for the old in the nursing house every day.His ambition is to s

23、et up schools for children of poor families.Summary:不定式放在系動詞后面常表示將來的動作或解釋說明主語的內(nèi)容，其主語常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty等表示“意向、打算、計劃”的詞。Functions of infinitives as object1. The driver failed to see the other car in time.2. Im very busy at present, so I have to refuse to help you.Summary:動詞不定式作賓語時，往往跟在某些及物動詞的后面，常見的動詞有agree，ask，decide，hope，fail，manage，pretend, refuse等。3. He still didnt understand how to operate the machine.Summary:能接“疑問詞to do”的動詞(短語)有decide, know，consider，forget，learn，remember，show，find out，understand, see, wonder, hear, explain, tell等。4. I fin