21世紀大學英語讀寫教程第四冊+Unit6

1、21 Unit 6Text APre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningBefore listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words.sock短襪EQ情商empathy同情Second ListeningListen to the tape again. They choose the best answer to each of the followingquestions.1. The listening passage says that Einstein was a geni

2、us in terms of _.A) Emotional Intelligence or EQB) Intellectual Intelligence or IQC) both EQ and IQD) neither EQ nor IQ2. Which of the following is NOT an example of Emotional IntelligenceA) Understanding your own feelings.B) Understanding the feelings of others.C) Being able to handle emotions effe

3、ctively.D) Being smarter than others in your class.3. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between EQ andIQA) People tend to have more of one than the other.B) People tend to have the same amount of each.C) They work together to make you successful.D) They depend on such

4、 factors as social class and how lucky you are.4. What is the main purpose of this passageA) To introduce a new concept, EQ, and explain its significance.B) To explain why EQ is more important in life than IQ.C) To discuss different definitions of success.D) To criticize traditional notions of intel

5、ligence.The EQ FactorNancy GibbsIt turns out that a scientist can see the future by watching four-year-olds interact witha marshmallow. The researcher invites the children, one by one, into a plain roomand begins the gentle torment. You can have this marshmallow right now, he says.But if you wait wh

6、ile I run an errand, you can have two marshmallows when I get back.And then he leaves.Some children grab for the treat the minute hes out the door. Some last a fewminutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait. They cover their eyes;they put their heads down; they sing to themselves;

7、 they try to play games or evenfall asleep. When the researcher returns, he gives these children their hard-earnedmarshmallows. And then, science waits for them to grow up.By the time the children reach high school, something remarkable has happened. Asurvey of the childrens parents and teachers fou

8、nd that those who as four-year-oldshad enough self-control to hold out for the second marshmallow generally grew up tobe better adjusted, more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable teenagers.The children who gave in to temptation early on were more likely to be lonely, easilyfrustrated and

9、stubborn. They could not endure stress and shied away fromchallenges. And when some of the students in the two groups took the ScholasticAptitude Test, the kids who had held out longer scored an average of 210 pointshigher.When we think of brilliance we see Einstein, deep-eyed, woolly haired, a thin

10、kingmachine with skin and mismatched socks. High achievers, we imagine, were wired forgreatness from birth. But then you have to wonder why, over time, natural talentseems to ignite in some people and dim in others. This is where the marshmallowscome in. It seems that the ability to delay gratificat

11、ion is a master skill, a triumph ofthe reasoning brain over the impulsive one. It is a sign, in short, of emotionalintelligence. And it doesnt show up on an IQ test.For most of this century, scientists have worshipped the hardware of the brain andthe software of the mind; the messy powers of the hea

12、rt were left to the poets. Butcognitive theory could simply not explain the questions we wonder about most: whysome people just seem to have a gift for living well; why the smartest kid in the classwill probably not end up the richest; why we like some people virtually on sight anddistrust others; w

13、hy some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that wouldsink a less resilient soul. What qualities of the mind or spirit, in short, determine whosucceedsThe phrase emotional intelligence was coined by Yale psychologist Peter Saloveyand the University of New Hampshires John Mayer five years ag

14、o to describequalities like understanding ones own feelings, empathy for the feelings of othersand the regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living. Their notion is about tobound into the national conversation, handily shortened to EQ, thanks to a new book,Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Gol

15、eman. Goleman, a Harvard psychology . and aNew York Times science writer with a gift for making even the most difficult scientifictheories digestible to lay readers, has brought together a decades worth ofbehavioral research into how the mind processes feelings. His goal, he announces onthe cover, i

16、s to redefine what it means to be smart. His thesis: when it comes topredicting peoples success, brainpower as measured by IQ and standardizedachievement tests may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought ofas character before the word began to sound old-fashioned.At first glance

17、, there would seem to be little thats new here to any close reader offortune cookies. There may be no less original idea than the notion that our heartshold dominion over our heads.I was so angry, we say,I couldnt think straight.Neither is it surprising that people skills are useful, which amounts t

18、o saying, itsgood to be nice.Its so true its trivial, says Dr. Paul McHugh, director of psychiatryat Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. But if it were that simple, the bookwould not be quite so interesting or its implications so controversial.This is no abstract investigation. Goleman is l

19、ooking for antidotes to restore civility toour streets and caring to our communal life. He sees practical applicationseverywhere for how companies should decide whom to hire, how couples canincrease the odds that their marriages will last, how parents should raise theirchildren and how schools shoul

20、d teach them. When street gangs substitute forfamilies and schoolyard insults end in stabbings, when more than half of marriagesend in divorce, when the majority of the children murdered in this country are killedby parents and stepparents, many of whom say they were trying to discipline thechild fo

21、r behavior like blocking the TV or crying too much, it suggests a demand forremedial emotional education.And it is here the arguments will break out. Golemans highly popularized conclusions,says McHugh,will chill any veteran scholar of psychotherapy and any neuroscientistwho worries about how his re

22、search may come to be applied. While manyresearchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally takenseriously, they fear that a notion as handy as EQ invites misuse. Goleman admits thedanger of suggesting that you can assign a numerical value to a persons character aswell

23、 as his intellect; Goleman never even uses the phrase EQ in his book. But he didsomewhat reluctantly approve an unscientific EQ test in USA Today with choiceslike I am aware of even subtle feelings as I have them, and I can sense the pulse ofa group or relationship and state unspoken feelings.You do

24、nt want to take an average of your emotional skill, argues Harvardpsychology professor Jerome Kagan, a pioneer in child-development research.Thatswhats wrong with the concept of intelligence for mental skills too. Some peoplehandle anger well but cant handle fear. Some people cant take joy. So each

25、emotionhas to be viewed differently. EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessedwith a lot of both, some with little of either. What researchers have been trying tounderstand is how they complement each other; how ones ability to handle stress,for instance, affects the ability to concentra

26、te and put intelligence to use. Among theingredients for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%;the rest depends on everything from class to luck to the neural pathways that havedeveloped in the brain over millions of years of human evolution.(1 047 words)New WordsEQ(a

27、bbr.)emotional quotient 情商interactvi.(with) act or have an effect on each other 相互作用；相互影響marshmallown. soft sweet made from sugar and gelatine 果汁軟糖tormentn. severe physical or mental suffering （肉體或精神上的）折磨，痛苦vt. cause severe suffering to 折磨；使痛苦errandn. small job that requires a short journey, usu. fo

28、r sb. else （短程的）差事，差使hard-earneda. gained with great difficulty or effort 辛苦掙來的surveyn. investigation 調(diào)查adventurousa. eager for or fond of adventure 渴望冒險的，喜歡冒險的dependablea. that may be depended on 可信賴的，可靠的scholastica. of schools and education 學校的；的；學業(yè)的aptituden. natural ability or skill 天生的才能或技巧；天資b

29、rilliancen. the quality of being brilliant 光輝，輝煌；壯麗；（卓越的）才華，才智woollya.羊毛（制）的；產(chǎn)羊毛的；像羊毛的mismatchvt. match (people or things) wrongly or unsuitably 使錯配，配合不當sockn. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短襪ignitev.(cause to) catch fire, burn （使）著火，燃燒；發(fā)光dimv.(cause to) become dim （使）變

30、暗淡；（使）變模糊；（使）失去光澤impulsivea.(of people and their behavior) marked by sudden action that is undertaken withoutcareful thought （指人或人的行為）憑沖動的；易沖動的messya. in a state of disorder; dirty: causing dirt or disorder 凌亂的；臟的；搞亂的；搞臟的upbeata. optimistic or cheerful 樂觀的；快樂的resilienta. 1.有彈性的，有回彈力的；能復原的2.有復原力的；富有活

31、力的；適應(yīng)性強的empathyn. ability to imagine and share another persons feelings, experience, etc.共鳴handilyad.靈巧地，熟練地；輕易地；近便地digestiblea. that can be digested; relatively easy to understand 可消化的；可吸收的；較易理解的behaviorala. of behavior 行為的thesisn. 1. statement or theory put forward and supported by argument 2. lon

32、g written essay submitted by a candidate for a university degree; dissertation畢業(yè)論文；學位standardizevt. make(sth.)conform to a fixed standard, shape, quality, type, etc.化；使合乎標準（或規(guī)格）fortunen. 1. large amount of money; wealth 大筆的錢；財2. chance; luck 機會；運氣3. persons destiny or future; fate 命運；前途cookien. bisc

33、uit 餅干fortune cookie.)thin biscuit, folded to hold a printed message proverb, prophecy or joke) served inChinese restaurants （美）簽語餅（中國餐館的折疊形小餅，內(nèi)有紙條，上寫預測運氣的格言或幽默套語）dominionn.(over) rule; powerful authority; effective control 統(tǒng)治；管轄；支配；控制straightad. clearly, logically 清晰地；有條理地controversiala. causing or

34、 likely to cause argument or disagreement 引起爭論的；有爭議的abstracta. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence 抽象的antidoten.解毒藥；（喻）矯正方法，對抗手段civilityn. fact or act of showing politeness; act of being civilized 禮貌，客氣，謙恭communala. 1. of or referring to a commune or a

35、community 公共的；社區(qū)的，集體的2. for the use of all; shared 公用的；共有的oddsn.(pl.) probability or chance 可能性；機會schoolyardn.校園；操場stabvt. pierce(sth.) or wound (sb.) with a pointed tool or weapon; push (a knife, etc.) intosb./sth.戳（某物）；刺（某人）；用（刀等）刺（或戳、捅）某人（或某物）stabbingn. instance of stabbing or being stabbed 用利器傷人

36、stepparentn.繼父，后父；繼母，后母remedyn.藥品；治療（法）；補救辦法；糾正辦法vt.醫(yī)治；治療；補救；糾正remediala.補救的；糾正的；補習的popularizevt. 1. make (sth.) generally liked 使（某事物）被大家喜歡，使受大家歡迎2. make (sth.) known or available to the general public, esp. by presenting it in aneasily understandable form 使（某事物）眾所周知；使普及chillvt. 1. make cold 使變冷；使冷

37、卻；使感到冷2. discourage 使沮喪；使掃興n.寒冷；風寒；冷淡；沮喪；掃興scholarn. person who studies an academic subject deeply 學者psychotherapyn. treatment of mental disorders by psychological methods 精神療法；心理療法neuroscientistn.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)家handya.(of an object, tool, machine, etc.) easy to use; useful for some purpose的；有用的便于使用numericala

38、. of, expressed in or representing numbers 數(shù)字的；用數(shù)字表示的；代表數(shù)字的approvevt. 1. have a positive opinion of 贊成；稱許2. accept, permit or officially agree to 批準；允許；對表示認可neurala. the nerves 神經(jīng)的pathwayn. way or track made for or by people walking = path）Phrases and Expressionsone by oneseparately; individually in order 一個一個地；依次地right nowimmediately; at this moment 立即；此刻run an errandc