過(guò)考點(diǎn)3 主旨大意-閱讀理解訓(xùn)練

1、PAGE12專題1閱讀理解過(guò)考點(diǎn)3主旨大意Passage1體裁:說(shuō)明文話題:健康主題:流感疫苗貼詞數(shù):297建議用時(shí):6分鐘【2022東北三省四市教研聯(lián)合體高考模擬考試（一）】Heresanideawhosetimehascome:Aflushotthatdoesntrequireanactualshot.Forthefirsttime,researchershavetestedafluvaccinepatch(疫苗貝占）inahumanclinicaltrialandfoundthatitdeliveredasmuchprotectionasatraditionalinjectionwith

2、aneedle.Doctorsandpublichealthexpertshavehighhopesthatitwillincreasethenumberofpeoplewhogetimmunized(使免疫）againsttheflu.SeasonalfluisresponsibleforuptohalfamilliondeathsaroundtheworldeachyearaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.AteamledbyGeorgiaTechengineerMarkPrausnitzhascomeupwithanalternativemeth

3、odthatuses“microneedles”Thesetinyneedlesaresosmallthat100ofthem,arrangedinorderonapatch,canfitunderyourthumb(拇指).Yettheyrebigenoughtoholdvaccineagainstthreetypesofflu.Noneofthestudyvolunteershadserioussideeffects.Thegroupsthatgotpatcheshadmildskinreactionsthatwerenotseenintheregularneedlegroup,while

4、thevolunteersintheregularneedlegroupweremorelikelytoexperiencepain.Overall,70percentofthevolunteerswhogotvaccinepatchessaidtheydratherusethemagainthangetatraditionalflushot.Thestudyauthorsdeclareditasuccessonallfronts.Thebiggestbeneficiariescouldbepeopleinlowandmiddle-incomecountries,whereitishardto

5、comebyfluvaccines.Reducingpainisnice,butotherbenefitsthepatchcostsless,iseasiertotransport,doesntrequirerefrigeration,canbeself-administeredanddoesntcausewasteofneedlesareevenbetter.“Microneedlepatcheshavethepotentialtobecomeidealcandidatesforvaccinationprograms,”wroteKatjaHoschlerandMariaZambonofPu

6、blicHealthEngland.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Avaccinethatcurespeopleoftheirflu.B.Ateamthatdoesresearchonseasonalflu.C.Apatchthatmakesflushotsathingofthepast.D.Amethodthatmakestraditionalflushotspainless.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthevaccinepatch?A.Itcausesslightsideeffects.B.Itcausesseriousskinreaction

7、s.C.ItdeliversvaccineontheheaD.D.Itworksbadlyon30%ofthevolunteers.3.Thenewpatchhasallthefollowingbenefitsexceptthat_.A.itisprovidedfreeofchargeB.itcanbeusedwithoutdoctorsC.itcanbekeptatroomtemperatureD.itneedslesscareintransportation4.WhatisKatjaandMariasattitudetowardsthenewpatch?A.Cautious.B.Favor

8、able.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.Passage2體裁:記敘文話題:計(jì)劃與愿望律師改行當(dāng)作家詞數(shù):270建議用時(shí):6分鐘【2022廣東省廣州市部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三第二次模擬考試】ForyearsIhavehadnoideawhatIhavebeendoingwithmylife.Iwasa30-year-oldlawyerinNewYork.Butbeingalawyerwasnevermydreamorgoalinlife.Ihonestlywantedtobeawriter.Ihaveagreatimaginationandwouldwriteamazingsto

9、riesinmyhead.ButIalwaysknewthatbeingawriterwasneverpossibleformebecauseitwasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayasalawyer.Recently,Icouldntfallasleepatmyusualtimeof10p.m.andwhenIdidfallasleepIhadthesamedreamoverandoveragain.ThedreamstartswithmeintheoceantryingtogoforaswimandI,msearchingforsomething,butIst

10、arttodrownandhavenocontrolovermybody.ThenalightshinesthroughthewaterandwhenIlookupallIcanseeismyselfinabrightwhiteroomwritinganovel.ThenIhearavoicesayrepeatedly,Nowisthetimetotrysomethingnew!Itwasntjustadream,itwasmyopportunitytomakesomethinggoodoutofmylife.Thatafternoon,IquitmyjobatthelawfirmandIco

11、uldnthavebeenanyhappier.Mylifestartedat30,andeverydaysincethatpointIhaventstoppedenjoyinglife.Istartedtowriteandmybookshavebeenonthebest-sellerslistforthelasttwomonths.Thingshavedefinitelyturnedaround.Changeisagoodthing,itgivesusanopportunitytotakeachance.SomytwofavoritewordsIlivebyandsoshouldyouare

12、changeandchance.1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknowthat_.A.theauthorisnow30yearsoldB.itisimpossiblefortheauthortobecomeawriterC.alawyercanbelikelytoearnmorethanawriterD.theauthorpreferstobealawyerratherthanawriter2.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabouttheauthors_.A.difficultyinsleepingatnightB.strongdesi

13、retobecomeawriterC.wishtohaveaswimintheoceanD.terribleswimmingexperienceintheocean3.Theunderlinedpartinthe3rdparagraphprobablymeanstheauthor_.A.regrettedhavingquithisjobasalawyerB.wasunhappyaftergivinguphisjobasalawyerC.wasupsetbecausehehadtogiveuphisjobasalawyerD.wasprettyhappywhenhequithisjobasala

14、wyer4.Thebesttitleofthetextmightbe_.A.LawyerorWriterB.ChangeandChanceC.ChangeandRegretD.RiskorOpportunityPassage3體裁:說(shuō)明文話題:旅游和交通主題:全球變暖影響飛行詞數(shù):289建議用時(shí):7分鐘【2022山東省、安徽省名校高三10月聯(lián)考】Airtravelcanbeannoying.Butresearchnowsuggestsglobalwarmingcouldmakeitmuchworse.Togetoffthegroundinreallyhotweather,planesmaybe

15、forcedtocarryfewerpassengers.Thatmightmeanalittlemorespace,whichwouldbegood.However,italsowouldmakethepassengerspaymore.Averageairtemperaturesaroundtheworldarerisingbecausepeoplearepollutingtheairwithincreasingamountsofgreenhousegases,which,suchascarbondioxide,areabyproduct(副產(chǎn)品）ofburningfuels.Thosew

16、armertemperaturescaninfluenceanairplanesabilitytoflybecauseairmolecules（分子）spreadoutmoreastheairwarms.Thisproduceslessliftunderaplaneswings,soaplanemustbelightertotakeoffinhotweatherthanoncoolerdays.Itcanevenprovetoodangerousforsomeplanestoattemptatake-off.ArecordofJuneheatwaveintheAmericanSouthwest

17、,forinstance,causedflightcancellationsinPhoenix,Ariz.Oneairlinesplaneswereclearedtooperateonlyupto47.8Celsius.OnJune20,Phoenixreached48.3C!RadleyHortonisaclimatescientistatColumbiaUniversity.Twoyearsago,heandhisgraduatestudentEthanDavidCoffelstudiedtheimpact(影響)ofwarmingatfourU.S.airportsandfoundtha

18、twarmingoftrackscouldtriple(使成為三倍）thenumberofdayswhenplanesfaceweightrestrictions.Later,theyexploredtheimpactofrisingtemperaturesonlivetypesofcommercialplanesflyingoutof19oftheworldsbusiestairports.Inthecomingdecades,asmanyasonetothreeoutofevery10flightsthattakeoffduringthehottesttimeofdaycouldfacew

19、eightrestrictions.Thatwouldbeequaltotakingadozenpeopleofftheplane,theresearcherscalculated.1.Howwouldglobalwarmingaffectairtravelaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Itlladdtothedangerofflying.B.Itllincreasepassengerstravelcost.C.Itllmakeflyingmuchmorecomfortable.D.Itllencouragemorepeopletotravelbyplane.2

20、.Whatisthesecondparagraphactuallyintendedtoexplain?A.Howglobalwarmingishappening.B.Whatdecidesaplanesabilitytofly.C.Whyglobalwarmingaffectsflying.D.Wheregreenhousegasesarecreated.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Reasonsforflightcancellation.B.Thefindingsofawarming-relatedstudy.C.Thetendencyofte

21、mperaturechange.D.Effectsofhotaironfinancialgrowth.4.Whatshouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AirTravelIsntRecommendedDuringHotWeatherB.RisingTemperaturesMayReducetheNumberofFlightsC.WeightRestrictionsAreMoreCommoninMoreAirportsD.HotterAirMayLeadtoPlanesCarryingFewerPassengersPassage4體裁:議論文話題:自然主題:進(jìn)化詞數(shù):

22、418建議用時(shí)：7分鐘【2022江蘇省五校高三上學(xué)期第一次學(xué)情監(jiān)測(cè)】Aftermypubliclecturesonevolution,someoneintheaudienceasks,Arewestillevolving?Peoplewanttoknowifhumansaregettingtaller,smarter,better-lookingormoreathletic.Myansweristruthfulbutdisappointing:Werealmostcertainlyevolving,butwedontknowinwhatdirectionorhowfast.Weveseenso

23、meevolutioninourspeciesoverthepastfewmillennia(千年）,butitwasdetectedbyreconstructinghistoryfromDNAsequences.Forexample,weknowthatduringthepast10,000years,severalpopulationsofhumansthosekeepingsheep,cowsorgoats.formilkgainedtheabilitytodigestdairyproducts.Thistraitwasuselessinourearlierancestorswho,af

24、terbabyhood,neverencounteredmilk.Andinthepast3,000years,Tibetanshaveacquiredgeneticadaptationsthatallowedthemtodevelopwellintheirhigh-altitude,low-oxygenhome.Butthesewell-documentedchangesarelimitedtoparticularpopulations,sotheevidenceforrecentevolutionofourentirespecies,remainsnotmuch.TheauthorsofE

25、volvingOurselvesdisagree.Notonly,theyclaim,areweevolvingfasterthanever,butweredoingittoourselves.JuanEnriquezandSteveGullansarguethathumanshavecontrolledevolutionnotjustinourownspeciesbutvirtuallyinallspecies:Forbetterorworse,weareincreasinglyincharge.Wearetheprimarydriversofchange.Wewilldirectlyand

26、indirectlydeterminewhatlives,whatdies,where,andwhen.Weareinadifferentphaseofevolution:Thefutureoflifeisnowinourhands.Accordingtotheauthors,wevereplacednaturalselectionwithwhattheycallunnaturalselection.Overfishing,forexample,hasreducedtheaveragesizeofmanyfishspecies,fortakingthebiggestfishselectedin

27、favorofthosethatreproducewhenyoungerandsmaller.Yetwhiletheresnodoubtthatwerechangingtheplanet,theclaimthatwe,recompletelychangingevolutionontheplanetdoesnotfollow.Letstakethosefishthatareevolvingtoreproducewhensmallerandyounger.Thisphenomenonhasbeendocumentedinmanyspeciesthatweeat,butthisisjustaminu

28、sculefraction(極小的一部分）ofthe30,000knownspeciesoffish.Theauthorsspeakwithunwarrantedassuranceabouthowourspeciesisevolvinginresponsetonearlyeverything.Whentheyassert,forexample,ouringestion(攝?。﹐fdrugsandexposuretochemicalsmeanthatourchildrensbrainsareevolvingfast,theyareoverplayingtheirhandandabusingthe

29、wordevolution.Ourchildrensbrainsmaybechangingfastinresponsetothenewpharmacological(藥理學(xué)的）environment,butchangealoneisnotevolution.1.ThetwoexamplesinParagraph2aregivento_.A.showinwhatdirectionhumansevolveB.explaintheimportanceofDNAsequencesC.illustratetheevidenceforevolutionofourentirespeciesisinsuffi

30、cientD.demonstratehowslowhumanshaveevolvedoverthepastfewmillennia2.TheauthorsofEvolvingOurselvesclaimthat_.A.humansdominatethefutureofotherlifeB.fishbecomesmallerbecauseofnaturalselectionC.humansaretoblameforchangingtheplanetfortheworseD.theboundarybetweennaturalselectionandunnaturalselectionisunfix

31、ed3.Whatisthemajorquestiondiscussedinthepassage?A.Arehumansstillevolving?B.Isunnaturalselectionpowerful?C.Arehumansthemaindriverofevolution?D.Doesevolutionrequiremanygeneticchanges?參考答案Passage1語(yǔ)法解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,文章主要介紹了一種不用傳統(tǒng)注射的流感疫苗貼?！径我馐崂怼康谝欢?開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山,給出全文話題種不用傳統(tǒng)方式注射的流感預(yù)防針。第二段:研究人員已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了這種流感疫苗貼的臨床試驗(yàn)。第三段:這種流感疫

32、苗貼的原理。第四段:參與試驗(yàn)的志愿者的反應(yīng)情況。第五段:流感疫苗貼的好處。第六段:專家對(duì)這種新型疫苗貼的態(tài)度?！鹃L(zhǎng)難句解讀】Doctorsandpublichealthexpertshavehighhopesthatitwillincreasethenumberofpeoplewhogetimmunized(使免疫)againsttheflu.分析:這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句.主句是Doctorsandpublichealthexpertshavehighhopes,that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,從句中的it指上文提到的疫苗貼,在該同位語(yǔ)從句中含有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞people.譯文:醫(yī)生和公

33、共健康專家有很高的期望,（他們希望）疫苗貼將增加接種流感疫苗的人數(shù).1.C【解析】考查主旨大意.通讀文章可知,本文介紹了一種新型的流感疫苗貼,故選C項(xiàng).2.A【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”Noneofthestudyvolunteershadserioussideeffects.Thegroupsthatgotpatcheshadmildskinreactions”可知,沒(méi)有一個(gè)志愿者出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的副作用,也就是說(shuō)這種疫苗貼有輕微的副作用。B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在serious,與第四段第二句中的Thegroupsthatgotpatcheshadmildskinreactions表述不符；由第三段中的T

34、hesetinyneedlesaresosmallthat100ofthem,arrangedmorderonapatch,canfitunderyourthumb(姆指）可知,C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有,故排除。3.A【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解.根據(jù)第五段中的patchcostsless可知,A項(xiàng)不是這種疫苗貼的好處。根據(jù)第五段中的canbeself-administered可知,B項(xiàng)是好處之一；根據(jù)第五段中的doesntrequirerefrigeration可知,C項(xiàng)是好處之一；根據(jù)第五段中的iseasiertotransport可知,D項(xiàng)是好處之一。4.B【解祈】考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度.根據(jù)最后一段中的M

35、icroneedlepatcheshavethepotentialtobecomeidealcandidatesforvaccinationprograms可知,他們對(duì)這種新型的疫苗貼持肯定態(tài)度。passage2語(yǔ)法解讀作者通過(guò)自己的故事向讀者講述機(jī)會(huì)與變化的關(guān)系【高頻詞匯】financialadj.oforaboutmoney財(cái)政的,金融的Heisanadventurerinfinancialfield.他是一個(gè)金融領(lǐng)域的投機(jī)者。AndIgotthefinancialsupportaftertwoyears.兩年后我終于獲得了財(cái)政支持?！鹃L(zhǎng)難句解讀】ButIalwaysknewthatbei

36、ngawriterwasneverpossibleformebecauseitwasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayasalawyer.分析:這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。其中,that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；beingawriter為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；it為形式主語(yǔ),指代不定式tostayasalawyer0譯文：但是我一直知道對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)當(dāng)作家永遠(yuǎn)不可能,因?yàn)閺慕鹑诜矫婵紤],當(dāng)一名律師是一個(gè)較好的決定。1.C【解析】考查推理判斷。由第一段末尾ButIalwaysknewthatbeingawriterwasneverpossibleformebecausei

37、twasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayasalawyer可以推斷律師可能比作家賺錢多。2.B【解析】考查段落大意。由第二段的內(nèi)容可知,第二段主要講了作者想要成為一名作家的強(qiáng)烈愿望。3.D【解析】考查句意理解.根據(jù)否定句中用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)形式及畫線部分中的couldnt和happier可知,此處表達(dá)了作者高興的心情。故答案為D。4.B【解析】考查標(biāo)題判斷.通讀全文可知,本文主要講述作者所做的改變,再由最后一段作者的總結(jié)Changeisagoodthing;itgivesusanopportunitytotakeachance.Somytwofavoriteword

38、sIlivebyandsoshouldyouarechange,andchance,可知B項(xiàng)最適合。passage3語(yǔ)法解讀本文為說(shuō)明文,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)全球氣候變暖會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)票價(jià)格造成影響,可能會(huì)使機(jī)票價(jià)格變得更貴,進(jìn)而從另一方面影響人們的生活?！靖哳l詞匯】1.annoyvt.makesb.alittleangry使煩惱,使惱怒Trymakinganoteofthethingsthatannoyyou.試著把讓你心煩的事記下來(lái)。ItannoyedmethatIdidnthavetimetodomoreironing.沒(méi)有時(shí)間熨更多的衣服讓我心煩了。2.attemptvt.tomakeaneffortor

39、trytodosth.,especiallysth.difficult試圖,嘗試Heattemptedtosmotherupthescandalabouthisfamily.他企圖掩蓋有關(guān)他家庭的丑聞。Iwouldbethelasttoattempttoanswerthequestion.我是最不可能去嘗試回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題的?！鹃L(zhǎng)難句解讀】Averageairtemperaturesaroundtheworldarerisingbecausepeoplearepollutingtheairwithincreasingamountsofgreenhousegases,which,suchascarb

40、ondioxide,areabyproduct(副產(chǎn)品）ofburningfuels.分析:這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句.主句為Averageairtemperaturesaroundtheworldarerising；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾greenhousegases.譯文:全世界的平均氣溫正在上升因?yàn)殡S著溫室氣體排放量越來(lái)越多,人們污染了大氣,這些溫室氣體,例如二氧化碳,便是燃料燃燒的副產(chǎn)品。1.B【解析】考察細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第一段中的Thatmightmeanalittlemorespace,whichwouldbegood.However,italsowou

41、ldmakethepassengerspaymore可知B項(xiàng)正確.2.C【解析】考查段落大意.由第二段中的Thosewannertemperaturescaninfluenceanairplanesabilitytoflybecauseairmolecules(分子）spreadoutmoreastheairwarms可知本段主要說(shuō)明全球變暖是如何影響飛機(jī)飛行的。3.B【解析】查段落大意。由最后一段中的studiedtheimpact.andfoundthatwarmingoftrackscouldtriple(使成為三倍）thenumberofdayswhenplanesfaceweightrestrictions.可知本段是關(guān)于與全球變暖相關(guān)的發(fā)現(xiàn)的。4.D【解析】考查標(biāo)題判斷。由第一段內(nèi)容尤其是Togetoffthegroundinreallyhotweather,planesmaybeforcedtocarryfewerpassengers.Thatmightmeanalittlemorespace,whichwouldbegood.However,italsowouldmakethepassengerspaymore可知答案為D。passage4語(yǔ)法解讀作者通過(guò)一些例子說(shuō)明我們?nèi)栽谶M(jìn)化,但是不知道進(jìn)化的方向和速度?！靖哳l詞匯】1.acqu