2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)45

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項(xiàng)修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應(yīng)改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項(xiàng)指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負(fù)數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復(fù)數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，因此professor前面應(yīng)有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的虛擬，從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，此處應(yīng)該用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

2.單選題

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stimulate

B.originate

C.renovate

D.endorse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激；鼓舞；激發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)originate“引起；創(chuàng)作”；C選項(xiàng)renovate“更新；修復(fù)；革新；刷新”；D選項(xiàng)endorse“背書；贊同”。句意：科學(xué)理論的一個(gè)重要特性是它激發(fā)進(jìn)一步研究的能力。根據(jù)句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Mostactsof（）involvethinningouttheanimalpopulationincertainareasofthecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.malcontent

B.pander

C.peccadillo

D.depredation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)malcontent“不滿現(xiàn)狀的人；反抗者”；B選項(xiàng)pander“慫恿者；拉皮條者”；C選項(xiàng)peccadillo“輕罪；小過(guò)失；小瑕疵”；D選項(xiàng)depredation“掠奪；破壞，破壞痕跡”。句意：大多數(shù)掠奪行為使這個(gè)國(guó)家某些地區(qū)的動(dòng)物數(shù)量變少。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字U.S.Congress可以定位到原文第二段“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，中文翻譯為：我們不會(huì)回到美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)公開(kāi)擔(dān)心低等種族會(huì)玷污美國(guó)人的血統(tǒng)的時(shí)期。因此答案為A選項(xiàng)：他們是低等的民族。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞newimmigrants可以定位到文章第三段中“Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，中文翻譯為：這些新移民沒(méi)有理由不應(yīng)該有著同樣的成功。知B項(xiàng)“他們可以如自己的前輩那樣做的一樣好”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Mexican-Americans可以定位到文章第四段“TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，中文翻譯為：泰勒擔(dān)心，墨西哥裔美國(guó)人可能注定跟隨美國(guó)黑人的步伐，即社區(qū)中的那個(gè)較大的部分可能變得陷入一個(gè)似乎永久的貧困和低成就的狀態(tài)中。因此，D選項(xiàng)“他們可能永遠(yuǎn)是貧窮且成就低的”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞newimmigrants定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，中文翻譯為：我們也應(yīng)該就同化、如何確保曾經(jīng)的外來(lái)者在這些地區(qū)不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)的處于被邊緣化而提出一些更加廣泛的問(wèn)題。故C最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位倒數(shù)第二段“ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.”，中文翻譯為：但是，我們也還沒(méi)有學(xué)到如何讓美國(guó)化進(jìn)程適應(yīng)所有人。以及原文最后一段“Thatisamuchlargerquestion...”，中文翻譯為：那是一個(gè)大的問(wèn)題……可以得知B項(xiàng)“如何幫助移民更好地融入美國(guó)社會(huì)”最為符合。

5.單選題

Theyarewritingtothemanagerwith（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theexceptionof

B.aviewto

C.thepurposeof

D.referenceto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。withreferenceto“關(guān)于；根據(jù)”。句意：鑒于最近在以上地址所進(jìn)行的修理工作，他們正在給經(jīng)理寫信。結(jié)合句意，故D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged（1）overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespecially,increasedattentionhasbeendevotedto（2）thereadingprocess.（3）specialistsagreethatreading（4）acomplexorganizationofhighermental（5）,theydisagree（6）theexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,（7）readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand（8）.

Theseauthorities（9）thatmeaning,beingconcernedwiththinking,mustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinking,andthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout（10）theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.

Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazine:anever-endingfloodofwords.In（11）ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend（12）canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare（13）readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading（14）atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency（15）intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave（16）meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogatherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.（17）,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto（18）wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover（19）youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich（20）downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas（21）reads.

Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan（22）,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate（23）thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,（24）word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst（25）issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,（26）yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound（27）readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.（28）CharlceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute（29）thetraining,nowitisanexcellent1,378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan（30）alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.substantively

B.substantially

C.substitutively

D.subjectively

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.defineanddescribe

B.definitionanddescription

C.defininganddescribing

D.havedefinedanddescribed

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.If

C.Unless

D.Until

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.involves

B.involvesto

C.isinvolved

D.involvesof

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.opinions

B.effects

C.manners

D.functions

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.about

C.for

D.into

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.view

B.look

C.reassure

D.agree

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.to

C.off

D.for

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.content

B.contend

C.contempt

D.contact

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.interpreting

B.saying

C.explaining

D.reading

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.applying

B.acting

C.offering

D.getting

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.quickly

B.easily

C.roughly

D.decidedly

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.curious

C.poor

D.urgent

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.training

B.habits

C.situations

D.custom

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.lies

B.combines

C.touches

D.involves

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.some

B.alot

C.little

D.dull

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.Fortunately

B.Besides

C.Logically

D.Unfortunately

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.reuse

B.reread

C.rewrite

D.recite

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.if

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.scales

B.cuts

C.slows

D.measures

問(wèn)題21選項(xiàng)

A.someone

B.one

C.he

D.reader

問(wèn)題22選項(xiàng)

A.accelerator

B.actor

C.amplifier

D.observer

問(wèn)題23選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.as

C.beyond

D.than

問(wèn)題24選項(xiàng)

A.enabling

B.leading

C.making

D.indicating

問(wèn)題25選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.comprehension

C.gist

D.regression

問(wèn)題26選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.nor

C.or

D.for

問(wèn)題27選項(xiàng)

A.our

B.your

C.their

D.such

問(wèn)題28選項(xiàng)

A.Lookat

B.Take

C.Make

D.Consider

問(wèn)題29選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.in

C.after

D.before

問(wèn)題30選項(xiàng)

A.master

B.goover

C.present

D.getthrough

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:C

第21題:B

第22題:A

第23題:D

第24題:C

第25題:B

第26題:A

第27題:C

第28題:B

第29題:D

第30題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)substantively“實(shí)質(zhì)上”；B選項(xiàng)substantially“充分地；非常地；總體上”；C選項(xiàng)substitutively“可替代地”；D選項(xiàng)subjectively“主觀地”。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，閱讀的概念已經(jīng)……改變了。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。Bedevotedtosth./doingsth.是固定搭配，而且空格后面有賓語(yǔ)thereadingprocess，所以空格處應(yīng)該接doingsth.，故選C。

3.【試題解析】邏輯分析。由兩句的謂語(yǔ)agree和disagree可知，兩句為對(duì)比關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)。

4.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：專家們一致認(rèn)為閱讀涉及到一個(gè)復(fù)雜的高級(jí)智力活動(dòng)。此處缺少一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故選A。

5.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)opinions“意見(jiàn)；評(píng)價(jià)”；B選項(xiàng)effects“影響；效果”；C選項(xiàng)manners“禮貌”；D選項(xiàng)functions“功能”。mentalfunction意為“智力活動(dòng)”，符合句意。

6.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。disagreeabout/on對(duì)……有不同意見(jiàn)。

7.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。View…as表示“把……看作”。

8.【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。D選項(xiàng)standfor“代表”；A選項(xiàng)standby“支持”；B選項(xiàng)standto“遵守”；C選項(xiàng)standoff“疏遠(yuǎn)”。句意：一些專家認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言主要是一種使用符號(hào)來(lái)表示聲音的代碼，他們認(rèn)為閱讀只是將符號(hào)解碼成它們所代表的聲音。因此D符合句意。

9.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)content“滿足”；B選項(xiàng)contend“爭(zhēng)論，主張”；C選項(xiàng)contempt“輕視，蔑視”；D選項(xiàng)contact“使接觸，聯(lián)系”。B項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。A選項(xiàng)interpret“解釋；領(lǐng)會(huì)”；B選項(xiàng)say“講；說(shuō)明”；C選項(xiàng)explain“說(shuō)明；解釋”；D選項(xiàng)read“閱讀；讀懂”。句意：一個(gè)孩子能讀出聲而不……所讀的含義，不能叫作真正的閱讀。A項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。A選項(xiàng)apply“申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求”；B選項(xiàng)act“行動(dòng)；表現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)offer“提供；出價(jià)”；D選項(xiàng)get“使得；獲得”?？崭裉幩顒?dòng)名詞的賓語(yǔ)是ajob，并且與advancinginone并列，因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quickly“迅速地；很快地”；B選項(xiàng)easily“容易地；無(wú)疑地”；C選項(xiàng)roughly“粗糙地；概略地”；D選項(xiàng)decidedly“果斷地；斷然地”。句意：在獲得一份工作或在工作中發(fā)展，……閱讀和理解的能力意味著成功和失敗的區(qū)別。前文講到工作中閱讀的內(nèi)容很多，由此推測(cè)這里講快速的閱讀和理解能力很重要。故選A項(xiàng)。

13.【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)good“好的；優(yōu)良的”；B選項(xiàng)curious“好奇的，有求知欲的”；C選項(xiàng)poor“貧窮的；可憐的”；D選項(xiàng)urgent“緊急的；急迫的”。句意：然而不幸的是，我們大多數(shù)人都是……的讀者。此句用了轉(zhuǎn)折詞yet，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)training“訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)”；B選項(xiàng)habits“習(xí)慣”；C選項(xiàng)situations“狀況；情境”；D選項(xiàng)custom“習(xí)慣，慣例”。句意：我們大多數(shù)人在早年養(yǎng)成了壞的閱讀……，并沒(méi)能克服?？崭裉帪椤癲evelop養(yǎng)成”和“getover克服”的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)可使用復(fù)現(xiàn)原則。后文中提到了badhabit和anotherhabit，故選B。

15.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的三單形式。A選項(xiàng)lie“說(shuō)謊；位于”；B選項(xiàng)combine“聯(lián)合，結(jié)合”；C選項(xiàng)touch“接觸；輕按”；D選項(xiàng)involve“包含；牽涉”。句意：主要的困難在于語(yǔ)言的自身要素。Liein表示“在于”，符合句意。

16.【試題解析】語(yǔ)義題。此處句意為：如果單個(gè)地看這些字，它們并沒(méi)有什么意義。故選C項(xiàng)“少許；沒(méi)有多少”。

17.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Fortunately“幸運(yùn)地”；B選項(xiàng)Besides“事實(shí)上”；C選項(xiàng)Logically“合乎邏輯地”；D選項(xiàng)Unfortunately“不幸地”。句意：然而……未受過(guò)閱讀訓(xùn)練的人不會(huì)讀。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reuse“再使用”；B選項(xiàng)reread“重讀”；C選項(xiàng)rewrite“改寫”；D選項(xiàng)recite“背誦”。句意：他費(fèi)力地一次讀一個(gè)詞，常?；仡^……因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題?？崭裢瑫r(shí)是lookbackover跟youhavejustread的賓語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有what能充當(dāng)雙重賓語(yǔ)。

20.【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析?？崭裉幩钤~應(yīng)與down構(gòu)成搭配。D項(xiàng)不能與其搭配故排除。句意：另一個(gè)減慢閱讀速度的習(xí)慣是發(fā)聲。scalesdown“按比例減少”；cutsdown“削減”，slowdown“放慢”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

21.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題。此處應(yīng)選擇B項(xiàng)“one（泛指人們，我們，你）”，代替前文的you。無(wú)A項(xiàng)這個(gè)用法。如用D項(xiàng)，則應(yīng)加定冠詞the。C項(xiàng)不符合邏輯。因此本題選B。

22.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accelerator“加速裝置”；B選項(xiàng)actor“男演員；行動(dòng)者”；C選項(xiàng)amplifier“放大器，擴(kuò)大器”；D選項(xiàng)observer“觀察者”。句意：為了克服這些壞習(xí)慣，一些閱讀研習(xí)班使用了一種叫作加速器的裝置。因此A符合句意。

23.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題?？疾楸容^級(jí)。這里用了fasterthan表示“比……快”，故選D項(xiàng)。

24.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。A選項(xiàng)enable“使得”；B選項(xiàng)lead“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；致使”；C選項(xiàng)make“使得；進(jìn)行”；D選項(xiàng)indicate“指出，表明”。句意：加速器迫使讀者快速閱讀，使逐字閱讀、重讀和默讀幾乎不可能。雖然A項(xiàng)也表示“使得”，但其側(cè)重于“使能夠”。故選C。

25.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)meaning“意義；含義”；B選項(xiàng)comprehension“理解；包含”；C選項(xiàng)gist“主旨，要點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)regression“回顧”。句意：速讀最初會(huì)影響理解。故B符合句意。

26.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：但是當(dāng)你學(xué)會(huì)閱讀思想和概念時(shí)，你不僅會(huì)讀得更快，而且你的理解力也會(huì)提高。此處應(yīng)選A與前面的notonly構(gòu)成固定搭配，表示“不僅……而且……”，故選A。

27.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題。此處句意為：許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的閱讀技巧在經(jīng)過(guò)一些訓(xùn)練后有了很大的提高?？崭駪?yīng)選用物主代詞their，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)。

28.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。Take…forinstance以……為例。

29.【試題解析】語(yǔ)義題。句意：在訓(xùn)練前，他的閱讀速度相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)，能閱讀172個(gè)字/分鐘。這里是對(duì)受訓(xùn)之前與受訓(xùn)之后進(jìn)行比較。

30.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)master“掌握”；B選項(xiàng)goover“復(fù)習(xí)”；C選項(xiàng)present“呈現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)getthrough“讀完；完成”。句意：他很高興他能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)讀完更多的閱讀材料。因此D正確。

7.單選題

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are（）.

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.”中文翻譯為：而這里的唯一差異是，經(jīng)濟(jì)博弈會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)贏家金錢，而進(jìn)化博弈卻獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)勝者生存和繁殖的機(jī)會(huì)。因此答案為C選項(xiàng)：一種應(yīng)用在經(jīng)濟(jì)和進(jìn)化上的方法論。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.”中文翻譯為：一種游戲，即囚犯的進(jìn)退兩難，尤其在這兩門學(xué)科上被證明能增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)聞的。知B項(xiàng)“被用來(lái)去發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的方式來(lái)解釋博弈論”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.”中文翻譯為：因此，每個(gè)人將推斷，失信是正確的選擇，這導(dǎo)致他們中每個(gè)人被判3年監(jiān)禁。因此，C選項(xiàng)“6年”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.”中文翻譯為：通過(guò)公開(kāi)錦標(biāo)賽發(fā)現(xiàn)，似乎沒(méi)有打敗針?shù)h相對(duì)的策略。故D選項(xiàng)“人們不愿意去合作”最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位第五段“thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice.”中文翻譯為：就是說(shuō)，即使另外一個(gè)人失信了一次也合作，但是如果他失信了兩次，那么就不會(huì)進(jìn)行合作?？梢缘弥狣項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)谝淮魏献魇『?，還有另外一次機(jī)會(huì)”最為符合。

8.單選題

（1）weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff（2）ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover（3）spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan（4）strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically（5）withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto（6）theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—（7）theregretsfeltbycollegestudents（8）theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout（9）ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa（10）patterninastudyof（11）businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt（12）guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving（13）onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence（14）fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicalself-controlproblem.（15）yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson（16）necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.（17）,theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.Theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.Wedon’tadvocate（18）tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—（19）overthelongterm.

Inanotherstudy,forthcomingintheJournalofMarketingResearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked（20）ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo（21）:buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould（22）themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.Halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould（23）themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.Aswe（24）,thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday（25）tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.Inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,（26）thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

Ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould（27）frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.Forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving（28）afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.InthewordsofthelateMassachusettssenatorPaulTsongas,“Nobodyonhisdeathbed（29）said,‘IwishI（30）moretimeattheoffice.’”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Though

B.When

C.Unless

D.That

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.inthelongrun

B.inthemeantime

C.intheend

D.intime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.deliberately

B.impulsively

C.consciously

D.compulsively

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.grow

B.increase

C.feed

D.arouse

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.vanish

C.shrink

D.fade

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.anticipate

B.realize

C.abandon

D.recall

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.investigated

B.explored

C.examined

D.involved

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.above

C.over

D.with

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.havingspent

B.nottospend

C.notspending

D.nothavingspent

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.different

C.alike

D.related

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.where

D.why

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.moreandmore

B.thesame

C.lessandless

D.no

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.turnedout

B.missedout

C.madeout

D.figuredout

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.meet

B.undergo

C.endure

D.suffer

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.Ratherthan

B.Morethan

C.Lessthan

D.Otherthan

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.requiring

B.inquiring

C.acquiring

D.enquiring

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.Infact

B.Sofar

C.Asaresult

D.Atpresent

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.beingtried

B.try

C.totry

D.trying

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.regret

B.appreciate

C.decline

D.value5

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.inpublic

B.inadvance

C.ingeneral

D.indetail

問(wèn)題21選項(xiàng)

A.chances

B.opportunities

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

問(wèn)題22選項(xiàng)

A.allow

B.lead

C.make

D.demand

問(wèn)題23選項(xiàng)

A.attract

B.cause

C.render

D.create

問(wèn)題24選項(xiàng)

A.expected

B.knew

C.saw

D.told

問(wèn)題25選項(xiàng)

A.inclined

B.liked

C.tended

D.leaned

問(wèn)題26選項(xiàng)

A.unless

B.although

C.when

D.whereas

問(wèn)題27選項(xiàng)

A.originate

B.deri