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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題
Populationgrowthoftenincreasespovertyandcausesmigrationinthesearchfornewfarmland.Inacountrywherearablelandisscarce,poorfarmersareoftenassociatedwithenvironmentaldegradation.Itisestimatedthatabout85percentoftheruralpoorresideindegradedareas.Continuedpopulationgrowthplacesfurtherpressureontheexistingcapacityoftheland,forcingfarmerstocultivatetheircropsinhigherandsteeperareas.Thechallengeistofindsustainableagriculturalproductionsystemsandnonagriculturalstrategiesthatwouldgenerategainfulemploymentandincomefortheruralpoor.
Itiswidelyrecognizedthatpovertyalleviationisimperativeifsustainabilityistobeachieved.Anumberofpoliciesandassociatedpublicexpenditureshavebeendirectedtowardspovertyalleviation,withvaryinglevelsofsuccess.Somepovertyalleviationpoliciesmayhaveanimpactontheenvironmentorcreateanincentivesystemthatworksagainsttheenvironment.Arecentstudyshowedthatgovernmentspendingonroadshashadthebiggestimpactonruralpovertyreduction,andthattheimpactofroadconstructionisalmosttwicethatofgovernmentspendingonagriculturalresearchanddevelopment,education,ruraldevelopmentandirrigationalsohavepositivebutlesserimpactonruralpovertyreduction.However,spendingonfertilizersandothersubsidieswasnottakenintoaccountinthestudy.Thatroadsareanimportantpartofinfrastructureandhavethegreatestimpactonpovertyreductionisnotcontestedhere.However,theenvironmentalimplicationsofexpandingroadnetworksshouldbenoted.Poverty-strickenpopulationsaresometimeslocatednearbiodiversity-richareasandtendtodependonthiscommonpoolofresourcesfortheirlivelihood.Lackofaccessisacommononcharacteristicofbothpovertyandbiodiversity.Asaccessimproves,thepovertysituationtendstolessenbecauseofbetteraccesstoeducation,healthservicesandincome-generatingopportunity.
【答案】【參考譯文】人口增長通常會(huì)加重貧困,并導(dǎo)致以尋找新耕地為目的的人口遷移。在一個(gè)耕地缺乏的國家,貧困的農(nóng)民經(jīng)常被與環(huán)境惡化聯(lián)系在一起。據(jù)估計(jì)大約百分之八十五的農(nóng)村貧困人口居住在環(huán)境惡化的地區(qū)。持續(xù)的人口增長為現(xiàn)有的土地生產(chǎn)力帶來進(jìn)一步的壓力,進(jìn)而迫使農(nóng)民在更高和更陡峭的地方種植糧食。創(chuàng)建可持續(xù)性的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系、制定可以為農(nóng)村貧困人口創(chuàng)造有報(bào)酬的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和收入的非農(nóng)業(yè)策略成為了一種挑戰(zhàn)。
人們普遍認(rèn)識(shí)到,實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要有扶貧工作的支持。一些政策和相關(guān)的公共支出已經(jīng)指向扶貧,且取得了不同程度的成功。其中部分扶貧政策可能會(huì)對環(huán)境構(gòu)成影響,或者會(huì)形成一種對環(huán)境不利的激勵(lì)制度。最近的調(diào)查顯示,政府在道路建設(shè)上的支出對緩解農(nóng)村貧困有著最大的影響,且道路建設(shè)所產(chǎn)生的影響幾乎是政府在農(nóng)業(yè)研發(fā)、教育和農(nóng)村發(fā)展上的支出所帶來的影響的兩倍,另外,灌溉對減少農(nóng)村貧困也有積極但卻較少的影響。然而,該研究沒有將有關(guān)肥料和其他補(bǔ)貼的支出考慮在內(nèi)。毋庸置疑,道路是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的一個(gè)重要部分且對減少貧困有最大的影響。但是,擴(kuò)大道路網(wǎng)對環(huán)境影響也不容忽視。貧困人口有時(shí)處于靠近生物多樣性豐富的地區(qū)且傾向于依靠這種共同的資源來生存。缺乏道路是貧困和生物多樣性的常見特點(diǎn)。隨著道路的改善,貧困情況就會(huì)得到緩解,因?yàn)橛辛烁玫氖芙逃臋C(jī)會(huì)、更好的健康服務(wù)和創(chuàng)收機(jī)會(huì)。
2.單選題
PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?
OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.
Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,allpowerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.
Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughtgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericanbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.
Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.
1.Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans(
).
2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly
(
).
3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?
4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby
(
).
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbeliever(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce.
B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment.
C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans
D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.whengivenequalityofopportunity
B.throughdoingbusiness
C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom
D.bywayofcompetition
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Honestbusinessmen.
B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.
C.Peoplewithidealsofequality.
D.Businessinstitutionsandgovernment.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower
B.itsfunctionpreservingpersonalfreedom
C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues
D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleader
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries
B.Inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus
C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthantheseinothercountries
D.BusinessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment(在美國社會(huì)中,商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)比任何其他類型的組織都有更高的聲譽(yù),包括政府)可知C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)是美國人最關(guān)心的問題”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.(競爭本身不僅是好的,它也是美國其他基本價(jià)值觀如個(gè)人自由、機(jī)會(huì)平等和努力工作的保護(hù)手段)可知D選項(xiàng)“通過競爭”符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.(理論上,如果一個(gè)企業(yè)試圖利用其客戶的不公平優(yōu)勢,它將輸給對其客戶更公平的競爭性企業(yè)。當(dāng)許多企業(yè)為了顧客的錢而競爭時(shí),他們不能像對待下級或奴隸那樣對待他們)可知是從從企業(yè)與客戶兩個(gè)角度說明商業(yè)競爭的,因此選B。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.(人們常常將商業(yè)和政府進(jìn)行對比,一個(gè)具有競爭性,另一個(gè)具有壟斷性)可知A選項(xiàng)“其對權(quán)力的絕對控制”符合題意。
5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.(競爭成功通常被視為是美國人對基于家庭背景的社會(huì)等級的替代方式。因此,商業(yè)被視為是機(jī)會(huì)平等觀念的一種表達(dá),而不是繼承特權(quán)的貴族觀念)可知B選項(xiàng)“在許多國家,成功往往取決于一個(gè)人的社會(huì)地位”符合題意。
3.單選題
Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ready
B.approachable
C.probable
D.obtainable
【答案】D
【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ready“準(zhǔn)備好的,現(xiàn)成的,迅速的”;B選項(xiàng)approachable“可接近的,可到達(dá)的,易理解的”;C選項(xiàng)probable“很可能的,可信的”;D選項(xiàng)obtainable“能得到的,能獲得的”。句意:現(xiàn)成的方便食品可以在雜貨店買到。Available“可獲得的;可購得的;可找到的;有空的”,所以D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Thedirectionswereso(
)thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ingenious
B.ambitious
C.notorious
D.ambiguous
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ingenious意為“精巧的,巧妙的,機(jī)敏的”;ambitious意為“有野心的,有雄心的”,一般形容人;notorious意為“臭名昭著的”;ambiguous意為“含糊的,不明確的”。
句意:這些指示太不明確了,以致不可能完成任務(wù)。
5.翻譯題
Oncethefirstlaughterhadbeenlaughedbyprimitiveman,withsuchapparentlypleasurableeffectsallaround,laughterbegantotakeonanintrinsicvaluewithinthesocietyofman.Thepersonpossessingtheabilitytocommunicatepleasureinaloudlaughbegantoenjoysocialadvantagesoverhismoreseriouscolleagues,hebecamea“goodmixer”sociallyselectedandlikedbysociety.Thustheprocessofnaturalselection(thesurvivalofthefittest)wouldtendtooperateinfavorofthoseabletoexpresstheirpleasurablestatesinlaugher,ascomparedwiththosenotsoable.Throughoutthecourseofevolution,laughterwouldbecomeestablishedthroughoutthehumanspeciesasafunctionofsociologicalandpsychologicalvalue.
Thuslaughtergraduallybecameestablishedasacapacityamongvirtuallyallhumanbeings.Inaddition,laughter’sinfectionsqualityhelpeddistributeitasacharacteristiccommontoallmankind.Laughterwasadvantageous;thereforeitsurvived.
【答案】【參考譯文】原始人一旦第一次開口大笑了,笑聲就因其對周圍所產(chǎn)生的那些明顯的愉快的效果,開始具有了人類社會(huì)所特有的價(jià)值。具有用爽朗的笑聲來傳播愉快能力的人,開始比他的較為嚴(yán)肅的同事更能享受到社會(huì)的優(yōu)勢。他成了個(gè)“善于交際的人”,在社交方面成了大家所推舉的人,受到社會(huì)的喜愛。因此,自然選擇(適者生存)的過程往往有利于那些能夠在笑中表達(dá)快樂狀態(tài)的人,而不是那些不這么做的人。在整個(gè)進(jìn)化的過程中,根據(jù)其具有的社會(huì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)價(jià)值,笑聲一直保持下來。
這樣,笑就逐漸成為全人類的一種能力。此外,笑的感染力有助于將其作為全人類共有的一種特性進(jìn)行傳播。笑是有益的,所以笑就流傳了下來。
6.單選題
HeclaimedthathewouldcompileanEnglishmasterpieceifhecouldfinda(n)______todealwiththelessessentialparts.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.accomplice
B.collaborator
C.confederate
D.cobber
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accomplice“同謀者;共犯”,指在犯罪行為中幫助另一個(gè)人;B選項(xiàng)collaborator“合作者;協(xié)作者;合著者”,指在做好事中幫助另一個(gè)人;C選項(xiàng)confederate“同盟國,同盟者;幫兇;美國南部邦聯(lián)支持者”,常指國家或政府層面的結(jié)盟;D選項(xiàng)cobber“伙伴;朋友”,不常用,屬于澳洲俚語。句意:他聲稱,如果他能找到一位______來處理不太重要的部分,他將編寫一部英語杰作。此處填“合著者”一詞更符合句意,所以B選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Inthepresenteconomic()wecanmakeevengreaterprogressthanpreviously.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.air
B.mood
C.area
D.climate
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)air“空氣,大氣”;B選項(xiàng)mood“情緒,語氣,心境,氣氛”;C選項(xiàng)area“區(qū)域,地區(qū),面積,范圍”;D選項(xiàng)climate“氣候,風(fēng)氣,思潮,風(fēng)土”,句意:在目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下,我們可以取得比以前更大的進(jìn)步。climate除表示氣候,風(fēng)土外,還可指(社會(huì))風(fēng)氣,一般(社會(huì))趨勢。如:politicalclimate政治風(fēng)氣。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Themassmediaisabigpartofourculture,yetitcanalsobeahelper,adviserandteachertoouryounggeneration.Themassmediaaffectsthelivesofouryoungbyactingasa/an(21)foranumberofinstitutionsandsocialcontacts.Inthisway,itfulfilsavarietyoffunctionsinhumanlife.
Thetimespentinfrontofthetelevisionscreenisusuallyatthe(22)ofleisure:thereislesstimeforgames,amusementandrest.(23)bywhatishappeningonthescreen,childrennotonlyimitatewhattheyseebutdirectlyidentifythemselveswithdifferentcharacters.Americanshavebeenconcernedabouttheprevalenceofviolenceinthemediaandits(24)harmtochildrenandadolescentsforatleastfortyyears.Duringthisperiod,newmedia(25),suchasvideogames,cabletelevision,musicvideos,andtheInternet.Astheycontinuetogainpopularity,thesemedia,alongwithtelevision,(26)publicconcernandresearchattention.
Anotherlargesocietalconcernonouryounggeneration(27)bythemedia,isbodyimage.(28)forcescaninfluencebodyimagepositivelyornegatively.Forone,societalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketingimpactourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia,theimagesof(29)beautyfillmagazinesandnewspapers,beamfromourtelevisionsandentertainusatthemovies.Eveninadvertising,themassmediaplayonacceptedculturalvaluesofthinnessandfitnessforcommercialgain.Youngadultsarepresentedwitha(30)definedstandardofattractiveness,anidealthatcarriesunrealisticphysicalexpectations.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.alternative
B.preference
C.substitute
D.representative
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.risk
B.mercy
C.height
D.expense
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Absorbed
B.Attracted
C.Aroused
D.Addicted
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.disposed
B.seeming
C.implicit
D.potential
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.merged
B.emerged
C.immerged
D.submerged
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.promote
B.propel
C.prompt
D.prosper
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.inspired
B.imposed
C.delivered
D.contributed
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.External
B.Exterior
C.Explicit
D.Exposed
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.generalized
B.regularize
C.standardized
D.categorized
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.barely
B.carefully
C.narrowly
D.subjectively
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:B
第6題:C
第7題:B
第8題:A
第9題:C
第10題:C
【解析】21.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alternative“二中擇一,可供替代的選擇”;B選項(xiàng)preference與介詞for搭配時(shí)意為“對……的偏愛,愛好”;C選項(xiàng)substitute“替代品,代替品”,常與介詞for連用;D選項(xiàng)representative“代表,典型”,一般指人。句意:大眾傳媒作為一些機(jī)構(gòu)和社會(huì)關(guān)系的(),影響著我們年輕人的生活。根據(jù)句意可知空格處應(yīng)填最能體現(xiàn)大眾傳媒和一些機(jī)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系的名詞,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
22.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)“attheriskof(冒……的危險(xiǎn))”;B選項(xiàng)“atthemercyof(受……支配)”;C選項(xiàng)“attheheight(在……的最盛時(shí),在……的高潮中)”;D選項(xiàng)“attheexpenseof(以……為代價(jià))”。句意:花在電視屏幕前的時(shí)間通常是以休閑為()的:用于游戲、娛樂和休息的時(shí)間更少了。根據(jù)句意可知后半句是前半句的補(bǔ)充說明,所以D選項(xiàng)更符合句意,意為“花在電視屏幕前的時(shí)間通常是以休閑為代價(jià)的……”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
23.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)absorb常與介詞in搭配,表示“注意力集中于,被……吸引”;B選項(xiàng)attract常和介詞by搭配,意為“被……吸引,對……感興趣”;C選項(xiàng)arouse“使行動(dòng)起來,激發(fā)”;D選項(xiàng)addict常與介詞to搭配動(dòng)詞,意為“使入迷,使成癮”。句意:孩子們被屏幕上發(fā)生的事情(),不僅模仿他們所看到的,而且直接把自己和不同的人物聯(lián)系起來??崭裉幨沁^去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,因此填入的分詞要和后面的介詞by搭配,而且要符合上下文意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
24.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposed“有……傾向的;打算做……的”;B選項(xiàng)seeming“表面上的,看似的”;C選項(xiàng)implicit“(語言上)含蓄的,暗示的”;D選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的,可能的”,指將來可能形成的。句意:美國人關(guān)注媒體中暴力的流行及其對兒童和青少年的()危害至少有40年了。由上下文中的“concernabout(關(guān)注)”和“foratleastfortyyears(至少40年了)”可知,人們擔(dān)憂的是一種潛在的危害。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
25.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)merge“結(jié)合,融合”;B選項(xiàng)emerge“出現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn),浮現(xiàn)”;C選項(xiàng)immerge“浸入,隱沒”;D選項(xiàng)submerge“淹沒,完全掩蓋”。句意:這一時(shí)期,電子游戲、有線電視、音樂視頻、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等新媒體不斷()。media的修飾詞是new,因此空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)表達(dá)“出現(xiàn)”的含義,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
26.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)promote“促進(jìn),推動(dòng)”;B選項(xiàng)propel“推進(jìn),促使”;C選項(xiàng)prompt“促使,導(dǎo)致,激起”;D選項(xiàng)prosper“(使)繁榮,昌盛”。句意:隨著它們的不斷普及,這些媒體和電視一起,引起了公眾的關(guān)注和研究的注意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
27.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspired“激發(fā),鼓舞”;B選項(xiàng)imposed“迫使,把……強(qiáng)加于”;C選項(xiàng)delivered“遞送,發(fā)表,履行諾言,移交”;D選項(xiàng)contributed“有助于,促成”。句意:媒體對我們年輕一代施加的另一個(gè)社會(huì)關(guān)注是身體形象。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
28.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)external“外界的,外來的,指與其他物體分離或沒有關(guān)系的外部,不涉及內(nèi)容”;B選項(xiàng)exterior“外部的,外表的,外面的,強(qiáng)調(diào)位于事物的外表以上,但仍是該事物的一部分”;C選項(xiàng)explicit“清楚明白的,直截了當(dāng)?shù)摹?;D選項(xiàng)exposed“遮蔽的,無保護(hù)的(常用來修飾地方或人)”。句意:外部力量可以正面或負(fù)面地影響身體形象。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
29.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)generalized“廣義的,普遍的,無顯著特點(diǎn)的”;B選項(xiàng)regularized“使有規(guī)律的,使正規(guī)化”;C選項(xiàng)standardized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的”;D選項(xiàng)categorized“分類的”。句意:在大眾媒體中,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的美女形象充斥著雜志和報(bào)紙,從電視中出現(xiàn),在電影中為我們帶來歡樂。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
30.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)barely“僅僅,勉強(qiáng),幾乎不”;B選項(xiàng)carefully“小心地”;C選項(xiàng)narrowly“狹隘地,狹窄的,勉強(qiáng)地”;D選項(xiàng)subjectively“主觀地,臆想地”。句意:年輕人面對的是一個(gè)狹隘的吸引力標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一個(gè)帶有不切實(shí)際的生理期望的理想。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Eventhoughhewasguilty,the(
)judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.merciful
B.impartial
C.conscientious
D.conspicuous
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。merciful意為“仁慈的,寬恕的,溫和的”;impartial意為“公正的,不偏不倚的”;conscientious意為“一絲不茍的,認(rèn)真的”;conspicuous意為“明顯的”。由前面eventhough(即使,縱然)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的guilty和主句中的didnotsendhimtoprison表示thejudge是仁慈的,因此選A。
句意:即使他有罪,仁慈的法官也沒有把他送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
10.翻譯題
AsianAmericans.AsiansintheUnitedStatesincludemanynationalities:AsianIndians,Chinese,Filipino,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,andother.AsianAmericanshavebeenheraldedasthenewest“hotethnicmarket”.Thedemographicssupportthisoptimisticoutlook.Asoftheyear2000,approximately11millionAsianswerelivingintheUnitedStates.By2025theU.S,CensusBureauhasprojectedthatnearly22millionAsianswillresidehere.Thoughthe2.4millionChinesearethelargestgroupofAsianslivingintheUnitedStates,AsianIndiansgrewthefastestduringthedecadefrom1990to2000,withthatpopulationdoublingandnowtotaling1.7millionintheUnitedStates.
AsianAmericansonaveragearebettereducated,havehigherincomes,andoccupymoreprestigiousjobpositionsthananyothersegmentofAmericansociety.ThemedianhouseholdincomeforAsianAmericansinonerecentyearwas$46,700comparedwithmedianincomesof$40,600,$30,300,and$25,900forwhites,HispanicsandAfricanAmericansrespectively.
ItisimportanttoemphasizethatjustasthereisnosingleblackorHispanicmarket,therecertainlydoesnotexistasingleAsianmarket.Moreover,unlikeotherethnicgroups,suchasHispanics,whoshareasimilarlanguage,AsianAmericansspeakavarietyofuniquelydifferentlanguages.AmongAsiannationalitiesthereareconsiderabledifferencesinproductchoicesandbrandpreferences.EvenwithineachnationalitytherearevariationsintermsofEnglishlanguageskillsandfinancialwell-being.Indeed,itisestimatedthatover50percentofallAsianAmericansovertheageof5donotspeakEnglishfluentlyandmanyare“l(fā)inguisticallyisolated”insofarastheyliveinhomeswherenoadultsspeakanyEnglish.
【答案】【參考譯文】亞裔美國人。在美國的亞洲人包括很多民族:印度人、中國人、菲律賓人、日本人、韓國人、越南人和其他民族。亞裔美國人一直被視為是最新的“熱門族裔市場”。人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)支持這一樂觀前景。截止2000年,大約有1100萬亞洲人生活在美國。美國人口普查局預(yù)計(jì),到2025年,將會(huì)有近2200萬亞洲人居住在這里。雖然240萬中國人是生活在美國的最大亞洲人群體,但亞裔印度人在1990年到2000年的十年間增長最快,人數(shù)翻了一番,現(xiàn)在總計(jì)達(dá)到170萬。
與美國社會(huì)的其他階層相比,亞裔美國人平均受教育程度更高,收入更高,占據(jù)著更有聲望的職位。亞裔美國人的中等家庭收入在最近的一年為4.67萬美元,而相比之下的白人、西班牙裔和非洲裔美國人中等家庭的收入分別為4.06萬美元、3.03萬美元和2.59萬美元。
需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,正如沒有單一的黑人或西班牙裔市場,當(dāng)然不存在一個(gè)單一的亞裔市場。此外,與其他民族不同,比如擁有類似語言的西班牙裔民族,亞裔美國人講著各種獨(dú)特不同的語言。亞裔各民族之間在產(chǎn)品選擇和品牌偏好上存在相當(dāng)大的差異。甚至在每個(gè)民族中,在英語語言技能和財(cái)務(wù)狀況方面也有不同。據(jù)估計(jì),所有5歲以上的亞裔美國人中實(shí)際有50%以上的人不能流利地講英語,并且還有很多人是“語言上被孤立”,因?yàn)樗麄兩畹募彝ブ袥]有人講英語。
11.翻譯題
Deepeneducationalcooperationinanall-roundwaytopromotelong-termdevelopment.Educationisfundamentaltoacountry’senduringprosperity.Itisnecessaryforusalltointensifyexchangesandcooperationbetweeneducationalandacademicinstitutions,expandlinkagesbetweeninstitutionsofhigherlearningandcarryoutyouth,culturalandsportsexchangesindiverseforms.Inparticular,weshouldincreaseeducationalassistancetolessdevelopedcountries,promotetwo-wayflowofeducationalresourcesandraisetheeducationallevelofourregion.
Strengtheninternationalcooperationindisasterreductionandreliefinthespiritofhelpingthoseinneedandassistingthoseindifficulty.Asnaturaldisastersknownonationalboundaries,theymustbemanagedbycooperativeefforts.Inrecentyears,wehavelaidagoodfoundationofcooperationinrespondingtothesuddenstrikeoftheIndianOceanearthquakeandtsunamiandothermajordisasters.Weshouldstepupcooperationindevelopingadisasterearly-warningsystem,sharingdisasterinformationandreductiontechnologyandenhancingdisasterreductioncapacitybuildingtobringaboutharmonybetweensocialandeconomicdevelopmentandthepreservationofnaturalresourcesandtheecologicalenvironment.
【答案】【參考譯文】全面深化教育合作以促進(jìn)長期發(fā)展。教育是一個(gè)國家長治久安的基礎(chǔ)。我們都有必要去加強(qiáng)教育和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)之間的交流與合作,擴(kuò)大高等院校之間的聯(lián)系并以多種形式開展青年、文化和體育交流。我們尤其應(yīng)該增加對欠發(fā)達(dá)國家的教育援助,促進(jìn)教育資源的雙向流動(dòng)并提高我們的教育水平。
本著助危為安的精神,加強(qiáng)國際減災(zāi)救災(zāi)合作。自然災(zāi)害無國界,應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害需要各方共同的努力。近年來,我們在應(yīng)對印度洋大地震、海嘯和其他重大災(zāi)害的突然襲擊中已經(jīng)奠定了一個(gè)良好的合作基礎(chǔ)。我們應(yīng)加強(qiáng)災(zāi)害預(yù)警系統(tǒng)建設(shè)、災(zāi)害信息和減災(zāi)技術(shù)共享、減災(zāi)能力建設(shè)等方面的合作,實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展與自然資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的和諧統(tǒng)一。
12.單選題
Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin()tohisincome.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.comparison
B.proportion
C.association
D.calculation
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)incomparisonto“與,與……相比,與……比較而言”;B選項(xiàng)inproportionto“與……成比例的;與……相稱的”,反義詞詞組是outofproportion;C選項(xiàng)association“協(xié)會(huì),聯(lián)合,聯(lián)想”,沒有inassociationto這個(gè)說法;D選項(xiàng)calculation“計(jì)算,估計(jì),計(jì)算的結(jié)果,深思熟慮”,也沒有incalculationto這個(gè)說法,句意:他在度假和奢侈品上的開支與他的收入比起來相當(dāng)高。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
The()ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.origin
B.generation
C.descent
D.cause
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源、來源”,往往與過去的活動(dòng)、風(fēng)俗、事件等有關(guān);B選項(xiàng)generation“產(chǎn)生、發(fā)生”,通常經(jīng)過生產(chǎn)、操作等過程;C選項(xiàng)descent“遺傳,派生,世系”;D選項(xiàng)cause“原因,因由”,一般指某事件、后果等的起因。句意:那個(gè)詞的起源雖不為人所知,但肯定不是來自希臘語。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Thenovelcontainssomemarvelousrevealing()ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.glances
B.glimpses
C.glares
D.gleamed
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glance“瞥閃,掃視,匆匆一看”;B選項(xiàng)glimpse“瞥見”;C選項(xiàng)glare“怒目而視,瞪眼看;發(fā)出刺眼的光”;D選項(xiàng)gleamed“閃爍;隱約地閃現(xiàn)”。句意:這本小說包括對19世紀(jì)鄉(xiāng)村生活的一瞥,絕妙而富于啟發(fā)。glimpse“瞥見”,是glance的結(jié)果?!皌akeaglanceat...”(看一看)的結(jié)果便是“getaglimpseof...”(瞥見了),此句中,小說提到的是19世紀(jì)的鄉(xiāng)村生活,是結(jié)果不是看一看的動(dòng)作。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
15.翻譯題
2.改革開放30年來,隨著中國逐漸崛起成為政治經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國,海外人士學(xué)習(xí)漢語的現(xiàn)象與日俱增,海外孔子學(xué)院也成了人們學(xué)習(xí)中國語言和中國文化的首選之地。通過學(xué)習(xí)漢語,他們對這個(gè)和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣,而且有機(jī)會(huì)了解中國的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、醫(yī)學(xué)、飲食文化,親身體驗(yàn)這個(gè)文明古國的風(fēng)采。
【答案】【參考譯文】
2.AsChinaisrisingasapoliticalandeconomicworldpowerthankstoitsthree-decadereformandopeningup,moreandmorepeopleinoverseascountriesstarttolearnChineseandturntoaConfuciusInstituteintheirowncountriesastheirfirstchoicelearningChineselanguageandChineseculture.ThroughlearningChinese,theyhaveastronginterestinthisancientcivilization,whichisquitedifferentfromtheirownculture.TheyalsohavetheopportunitytolearnaboutChinesephilosophy,art,medicineandfoodculture,andexperiencetheelegantdemeanorofthisancientcivilization.
16.單選題
Fiftyvolunteerswerealphabeticallydividedintotwoequalgroups,GroupAtoparticipateina7weekexerciseprogram,andGroupBtoavoiddeliberateexerciseofanysortduringthose7weeks.Onthedaybeforetheexerciseprogrambegan,all50menparticipatedinastep-test.Thisconsistedofsteppingupanddownona16-inchbenchat30stepsaminutefor5minutes.Oneminuteaftercompletionofthestep-test,thepulserateofeachsubjectwastakenandrecorded.Thisservedastheprotestfortheexperiment.Forthenext7weeks,subjectsintheexperimentgroup(GroupA)rodeanexercycle(amotor-drivenbicycle-typeexercisemachine)for15minuteseachday.Theexerciseschedulecalledforriderstoriderelaxedduringthefirstday’sride,merelyholdingontothehandlebarsandfootpedalsasthemachinemoved.Then,forthenext3days,theyroderelaxedfor50secondsofeachminute,andpushed,pulled,andpedaledactivelyfor10secondsofeachminute.Theratioofactiveridingwasincreasedeveryfewdays,sothatbythethirdweekitwashalfofeachminute,andbytheseventhweektheriderswereperforming15solidminutesofactiveriding.
Attheendofthe7weeks,thestep-testwasagaingiventobothgroupsofsubjects,andtheirpulsestaken.Thepost-exercisepulseratesofsubjectsintheexperimentalgroupwerefoundtohavedecreasedanaverageof30heartbeatsperminute,withthelowestdecrease28andthehighestdecrease46.Thepulseratesofsubjectsinthecontrolgroupremainedthesameorchangednomorethan4beats,withanaveragedifferencebetweentheinitialandfinaltestsofzero.
1.Thestep-testwasgiven(
).
2.Whenwerepulseratestaken?
3.Theexerciseschedulewasplannedsothattheamountofactiveriding(
).
4.WhatdidGroupAdointheirprogram?
5.Thepost-exercisepulseratesofGroupBwerefoundontheaveragetohave(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.aftereachexerciseperiod
B.atthebeginningandattheendoftheseven-weekperiod
C.onlyonce,atthebeginningofthesevenweekperiod
D.twicetothemeninGroupAandoncetothemeninGroupB
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Aftereveryexerciseperiod.
B.Everyday.
C.Afterthestep-tests.
D.Everytimetherationofactiveridingwasincreased.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.increasedeveryfewdays
B.variedfromdaytoday
C.increaseduntilthethirdweekandthenwaskeptconstant
D.increasedeveryexerciseperiod
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theysteppedupanddownonabencheachday.
B.Theypushedandpulledonexercisehandleseveryday.
C.Theyrodeonanexerciseeveryday.
D.Theyrefrainedfromanyexercise
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.notchanged
B.gonedown28beatsperminute
C.gonedown30beatsperminute
D.gonedown4beatsperminute
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Onthedaybeforetheexerciseprogrambegan,all50menparticipatedinastep-test.(在鍛煉項(xiàng)目開始的前一天,所有50名男子都參加了一次階梯測試)和第二段的首句Attheendofthe7weeks,thestep-testwasagaingiventobothgroupsofsubjects,andtheirpulsestaken.(在7周結(jié)束時(shí),再次對兩組受試者進(jìn)行了逐步測試,并記錄了他們的脈搏)可知B選項(xiàng)“在七周的開始和結(jié)束時(shí)”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Oneminuteaftercompletionofthestep-test,thepulserateofeachsubjectwastakenandrecorded.(在階梯測試完成后1分鐘,記錄每一位受試者的脈搏率)可知選C。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段最后一句中的Theratioofactiveridingwasincreasedeveryfewdays(主動(dòng)騎行的比率每隔幾天增加一次)可知選A。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Forthenext7weeks,subjectsintheexperimentgroup(GroupA)rodeanexercyclefor15minuteseachday.(在接下來的7周中,A組實(shí)驗(yàn)者每天騎15分鐘自行車)可知選C。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的GroupBtoavoiddeliberateexerciseofanysortduringthose7weeks(B組應(yīng)避免在這7周內(nèi)刻意進(jìn)行任何形式的鍛煉)和第二段中的Thepulseratesofsubjectsinthecontrolgroupremainedthesameorchangednomorethan4beats(對照組的脈搏率率保持不變或變化不超過4次)可知B組為對照組,沒有進(jìn)行任何鍛煉,因此選A。
17.單選題
Amanufacturerofsportsshoesstartssellingconsumerelectronics.Asoftdrinklendsitsnametoarangeofurbanclothing.What’sgoingon?Insimplertimes,youknewwhereyouwerewithbrands.Onebrandnamemeantgood-qualitysportsshoes,anotherasoftdrink.Noconfusion.Today,however,bigcompaniestrytoredefinebrandsasnotsomuchaproduct,moreawayoflife,andstretchthemintonewareas.Intheearlyyearsoftheconsumersociety,abrandnameonaboxsimplyidentifiedwhatwasinside.Peoplewerelookingforproductsthatwouldimprovetheirqualityoflife,andchoosebrandsmostlikelytoachievethatpurpose.Butaspeopleinindustrializednationsbecamemoreaffluentandfulfilledtheirbasicneeds,brandsacquiredotherattributes.Thefunctionalityoftheproductwasstillimportant,butpeoplealsostartedusingbrandstosaysomethingaboutthemselves,forexample,choosingabrandofcosmeticswhichwouldsuggestthattheyweresophisticatedjet-setters.
Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.Instead,companiesaretryingtomaketheirbrandsstandoutbyemphasizingtheiremotionalaspects,hopingconsumerswillidentifywiththesetofvaluesthebrandrepresents.
Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.Sofar,theirmarketingeffortsseemtobehavinglittleeffect.Theadvantageforemotionalbrandsisthatcompaniescantransfertheirbrandstrengthintootherareas,increasingrevenuesandreducingtheirexposuretothelifespanofasingleproduct.
Theelasticityofbrandsseemstoberelatedtotheirpositiononaspectrumrangingfromthoserootedinsolid,tangibleassetstothosewithhighlyintangibleemotionalqualities.Attheoneend,youhavetraincompaniesthattendtoassociatethemselveswithinfrastructureandtheirabilitytogetyoufromAtoB,andattheotherendwouldbealeisurebrandthatpositionsitselfondreamsandmakingpeoplehavefun.Itisthelatterwhichhasthemaximumpotentialforstretch.
Butevenemotionalbrandshavealimittotheirelasticity.Themerchandisehastobeconsistentwiththebrandpromise.Justtosellmerchandi
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