2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-通用考博英語(yǔ)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)10

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-通用考博英語(yǔ)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Populationexplosion.

B.Extinctionofrarespecies.

C.Chronichunger.

D.Environmentaldeterioration.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Abouthalfofthemareunintended.

B.Theycontributetooverpopulation.

C.Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.

D.Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates’attention.

B.Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.

C.Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.

D.Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Whyshouldyouconsidertakingacourseindemographyincollege?You’llbegrowingupinagenerationwherethebabyboomersaregoingintoretirementanddying.Youwillfaceproblemsintheagingofthepopulationthathaveneverbeenfacedbefore.Youwillhearmoreandmoreaboutmigrationbetweencountriesandbetweenruralareasandcities.Youneedtounderstandasacitizenandasataxpayerandasavoterwhat’sreallybehindthearguments.

Iwanttotellyouaboutthepast,presentandfutureofthehumanpopulation.Solet’sstartwithafewproblems.[23]Rightnow,abillionpeoplearechronicallyhungry.Thatmeanstheywakeuphungry,theyarehungryallday,andtheygotosleephungry.Abillionpeoplearelivinginslums,notthesamebillionpeople,butthereissomeoverlap.Livinginslumsmeanstheydon’thaveinfrastructuretotakethegarbageaway,theydon’thavesecurewatersuppliestodrink.

Nearlyabillionpeopleareilliterate.Trytoimagineyourlifebeingilliterate.Youcan’treadthelabelsonthebottlesinthesupermarket,ifyoucangettoasupermarket.Two-thirdsofthosepeoplewhoareilliteratearewomenandabout200to215millionwomendon’thaveaccesstobirthcontroltheywant,sothattheycancontroltheirownfertility.Thisisnotonlyaproblemindevelopingcountries.[24]Abouthalfofallpregnanciesgloballyareunintended.Sothoseareexamplesofpopulationproblems.

Demographygivesyouthetoolstounderstandandtoaddresstheseproblems.It’snotonlythestudyofhumanpopulation,butthepopulationsofnon-humanspecies,includingviruseslikeinfluenza,thebacteriainyourgut,plantsthatyoueat,animalsthatyouenjoyorthatprovideyouwithmeat.Demographyalsoincludesthestudyofnon-livingobjectslikelightbulbsandtaxicabs,andbuildingsbecausethesearealsopopulations.Itstudiesthesepopulations,inthepast,presentandfuture,usingquantitativedataandmathematicalmodelsastoolsofanalysis.

Iseedemographyasacentralsubjectrelatedtoeconomics.Itisthemeanstointervenemorewiselyandmoreeffectivelyintherealworld,[25]toimprovethewellbeing,notonlyofyourself—importantasthatmaybe—butofpeoplearoundyouandofotherspecieswithwhomwesharetheplanet.

23.Whatisoneoftheproblemsthespeakermentionsinhistalk?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說(shuō)話者在他的講話中提到的問題之一是什么？錄音中段提到，說(shuō)話人首先要向聽眾介紹幾個(gè)人口問題，這些問題分別是：長(zhǎng)期饑餓、貧困、文盲、婦女節(jié)育和意外懷孕的問題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C選項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)期饑餓”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人口爆炸”；B選項(xiàng)“稀有物種的滅絕”和D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境惡化”錄音中均沒有信息涉及，因此可排除。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpregnancies?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于懷孕，說(shuō)話者說(shuō)了什么？錄音中提及，全球意外懷孕的比率將近一半。A選項(xiàng)“其中大約有一半是無(wú)意中懷孕的”是錄音原文原詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“造成了人口過(guò)?！?；C選項(xiàng)“生育已得到了控制”和D選項(xiàng)“大部分在孕期中都容易流產(chǎn)”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

25.Howdoesthespeakerviewthestudyofpopulations?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說(shuō)話者如何看待人口研究？講話人在最后表明，他認(rèn)為人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的一個(gè)中心議題；是在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中更明智、更有效的干預(yù)手段；能改善人類的福祉，這不僅關(guān)乎我們自身，也關(guān)乎我們周圍的人，以及與我們共享這個(gè)星球的其他物種。D選項(xiàng)“這對(duì)地球上所有物種的福祉至關(guān)重要”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它開始吸引研究生的注意”；B選項(xiàng)“許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家都忽視了它”和C選項(xiàng)“它正在成為跨學(xué)科研究的主題”，錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

2.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism.

B.Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution.

C.Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure.

D.Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow.

B.Mostworkerscouldaffordtohaveahouseoftheirown.

C.Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange.

D.Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lossofworkers’personaldignity.

B.Deprivationofworkers’creativity.

C.Unequaldistributionofworkinghours.

D.Deteriorationofworkers’mentalhealth.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingTwo

Free-marketcapitalismhasn’tfreedus—ithastrappedus.It’simperativeforustoembraceawork-placerevolution.Weareunlikelytospendourlastmomentsregrettingthatwedidn’tspendenoughofourlivesslavingawayatwork.[19]Wemayinsteadfindourselvesfeelingguiltyaboutthetimewedidn’tspendwatchingourchildrengrow,orwithourlovedones,ortravelling,orontheculturalorleisurepursuitsthatbringushappiness.Unfortunately,theaveragefull-timeemployeeintheworldworks42hoursaweek,welloverathirdofthetimeweareawake.Someofouralltooprecioustimeisbeingstolen:officeworkersdoaroundtwobillionhoursofunpaidovertimeeachyear.Soitisextremelywelcomethatsomegovernmentcoalitionshavestartedlookingintopotentiallycuttingtheworkingweektofourdays.

Thechampionsoffreemarketcapitalismpromisedtheirwayoflifewouldbringusfreedom.Butitwasn’tfreedomatall:fromthelackofsecure,affordablehousingtogrowingjobinsecurityandrisingpersonaldebt,theindividualistrapped.[20]Ninedecadesago,leadingeconomistspredictedthattechnologicaladvancesandrisingproductivitywouldmeanthatwe’dbeworkinga15-hourweekbynow:thattargethasbeensomewhatmissed.

Hereisthemostmalignantthreattoourpersonalfreedom,particularlyasthebalanceofpowerintheworkplacehasbeenshiftedsodramaticallyfromworkertoboss.Ahugeportionofourlivesinvolvesthesurrenderofourfreedomandpersonalautonomy.It’stimeinwhichwearedirectedbytheneedsanddesiresofothers,anddeniedtherighttomakeourownchoices.That’sbadforus:itishardlysurprisingthat[21]overhalfamillionworkerssufferfromwork-relatedmentalhealthconditionseachyear,orthat15.4millionworkingdayswerelosttowork-relatedstresslastyear,ajumpofnearlyaquarter.

Yes,therearethosewho,farfrombeingoverworked,actuallyseekmorehours.Butashorterworkingweekwouldenableustoredistributehoursfromtheoverworkedtotheunderworked.Weneedtolookatwaysofcuttingtheworkingweekwithoutslashinglivingstandards:afterall,theworld’sworkershavealreadysufferedtheworstdeductioninwagessincetheearly1800s.Andcuttingtheworkingweekwouldbeconducivetotheindividual,givingmillionsofworkersmoretimetospendastheyseefit.

19.Whatdopeopleoftenfeelguiltyaboutaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是根據(jù)說(shuō)話者的說(shuō)法，人們通常對(duì)什么感到內(nèi)疚？錄音開頭提到，我們可能會(huì)覺得內(nèi)疚，因?yàn)槲覀儧]有花時(shí)間看著我們的孩子成長(zhǎng)……或去追求那些帶給我們快樂的休閑活動(dòng)。因此C選項(xiàng)“沒有花足夠的時(shí)間在家庭生活和休閑上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒有從自由市場(chǎng)資本主義中受益”，雖然錄音處處透露出自由市場(chǎng)資本主義帶給人的不好影響，但是說(shuō)話者沒有指出人們對(duì)此感到內(nèi)疚，因此A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“沒有在職場(chǎng)革命中發(fā)揮作用”和D選項(xiàng)“掙的錢不夠養(yǎng)家”在錄音中均未提及。

20.Whatdidleadingeconomistspredict90yearsago?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問90年前一流的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)了什么？錄音提到，90年前一流的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家曾預(yù)測(cè)現(xiàn)在的我們每周只需工作15個(gè)小時(shí)，因此A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們一周只工作15個(gè)小時(shí)”與錄音原文表述一致。B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)工作者都有錢買房子”，錄音中提及的是從缺乏安全的、負(fù)擔(dān)得起的住房，到工作越來(lái)越得不到保障，再到個(gè)人債務(wù)不斷增加，個(gè)人被困住了，并沒有提及大多數(shù)人都有錢買房子，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“工作場(chǎng)所的權(quán)力平衡將會(huì)改變”，錄音中雖然提到相關(guān)信息，但這并不是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的預(yù)測(cè)，因此C選項(xiàng)可排除；D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步將創(chuàng)造許多新的工作崗位”在錄音中并沒有提及。

21.Whatistheresultofdenyingworker’srighttomaketheirownchoices?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問剝奪勞動(dòng)者自主選擇權(quán)的后果是什么？錄音提到，我們被剝奪了選擇的權(quán)利。這對(duì)我們是不利的：每年有超過(guò)50萬(wàn)的勞動(dòng)者受累于與工作相關(guān)的精神健康問題。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)者心理健康狀況惡化”與之意思符合，所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“喪失勞動(dòng)者的人格尊嚴(yán)”和B選項(xiàng)“剝奪勞動(dòng)者的創(chuàng)造力”在錄音中沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“工作時(shí)間分配不均”，利用redistributehours設(shè)置干擾，錄音只是說(shuō)更短的工作周將使我們能夠重新分配工作時(shí)間，并沒有提到分配不均的問題，因此C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

3.單選題

Rightinthemiddleofthemayor'sspeechthatbroughtforthvariousreasonsfortherecentsharpriseinprices,anangryvoicewasheardinthecrowd,“thegovernment（

）hanged!”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.be

D.were

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：在市長(zhǎng)的演講期間，他提出了價(jià)格最近急劇上漲的原因。人群中傳來(lái)憤怒的聲音：“政府應(yīng)該被絞死”。此處考查的是省略了should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因此后面要用be，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Thepilotmadealast（frantic）distresscallbeforehebailedout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.desperate

C.routine

D.futile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)urgent“緊急的”；B選項(xiàng)desperate“絕望的”；C選項(xiàng)routine“常規(guī)的”；D選項(xiàng)futile“無(wú)效的”。句意：飛行員在跳傘前發(fā)出了最后一個(gè)絕望的求救信號(hào)。劃線部分frantic是絕望的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareharmfultohealth.

B.Theyenrichourexperience.

C.Theyarenecessaryinourlives.

D.Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.

B.Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife’sproblems.

C.Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife’stroubles.

D.Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theylessenourburdens.

B.Theynarrowourfocus.

C.Theyprolongourlives.

D.Theyexpandourmind.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Let’ssayyoustarttobrainstormalistofalltheemotionsyoueverexperienced.Justforfun,tryitnow.

What’sonyourlist?Chancesare,youincludedthingslike:happy,sad,excited,angry,afraid,grateful,proud,scared,confused,stressed,relaxedandamazed.Nowsortyourlistintotwocategories:positiveemotionsandnegativeemotions.

Feelingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsisanaturalpartofbeinghuman.[16]Wemightusetheword“negative”todescribemoredifficultemotions,butitdoesn’tmeanthoseemotionsarebadorweshouldn’thavethem.Still,mostpeoplewouldprobablyratherfeelapositiveemotionthananegativeone.It’slikelyyouprefertofeelhappyinsteadofsadorconfidentinsteadofinsecure.

Whatmattersishowouremotionsarebalanced,howmuchofeachtypeoftheemotion,positiveornegative,weexperience.

Negativeemotionswarnusofthreatsorchallengesthatwemayneedtodealwith.Forexample,fearcanalertustopossibledanger,it’sasignalthatwemightneedtoprotectourselves.Angryfeelingswarnusthatsomeoneissteppingonourtoes,crossingaboundaryorviolatingourtrust.Angercanbeasignalthatwemightneedtoactonourownbehalf.

Negativeemotionsfocusourawareness.Theyhelpustozeroinonaproblemsowecandealwithit.[17]Buttoomanynegativeemotionscanmakeusfeeloverwhelmed,anxious,exhaustedorstressedout.Whennegativeemotionsareoutofbalance,problemsmightseemtoobigtohandle.

Themorewedwellonnegativeemotions,themorenegativewebegintofeel.Focusingonnegativityjustkeepsitgoing.

Positiveemotionsbalanceoutnegativeones,buttheyhaveotherpowerfulbenefits,too.[18]Insteadofnarrowingourfocus,likenegativeemotionsdo,positiveemotionsaffectourbrainsinwaysthatincreaseourawareness,attentionandmemory.Theyhelpustakeinmoreinformation,holdseveralideasinmindatonceandunderstandhowdifferentideasrelatetoeachother.

Whenpositiveemotionsopenusuptonewpossibilities,wearemoreabletolearnandbuildonourskills.Thatleadstodoingbetterontasksandtests.

Peoplewhohaveplentyofpositiveemotionsintheireverydaylivestendtobehappier,healthier,learnbetterandgetalongwellwithothers.

16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutnegativeemotions?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于負(fù)面情緒，說(shuō)話者說(shuō)了些什么？錄音前面部分提到：我們可能會(huì)用“負(fù)面”一詞來(lái)描述讓人難受的情緒，但是這并不意味著這種情緒很糟糕或者我們不該有這種情緒。也就是說(shuō)“它們（負(fù)面情緒）在我們的生活中是必要的”，C選項(xiàng)符合錄音原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)健康有害”和B選項(xiàng)“它們豐富我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”在錄音中均沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“它們應(yīng)該被摒棄”恰好與錄音表達(dá)的意思相反，因此不正確。

17.Whathappenstopeoplewhosenegativeemotionsareoutofbalance?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問負(fù)面情緒失衡的人會(huì)發(fā)生什么？錄音在談到負(fù)面情緒時(shí)提到，負(fù)面情緒會(huì)集中我們的意識(shí)，這樣我們就可以處理問題，但是出現(xiàn)過(guò)多的負(fù)面情緒會(huì)使我們不堪重負(fù)、焦慮、疲憊或壓力過(guò)大。負(fù)面情緒一旦失去平衡，問題似乎變得太大而無(wú)法處理。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們感到不堪重負(fù)以致無(wú)法處理生活問題”與錄音原文表述相符。A選項(xiàng)“即使不干重活，他們也筋疲力盡”；C選項(xiàng)“他們渴望擺脫生活的煩惱”和D選項(xiàng)“即使生活中沒有任何挑戰(zhàn)，他們還是感到緊張”在錄音中均沒有提及。

18.Howdopositiveemotionsaffectus?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問積極情緒是如何影響我們的？錄音提到，（積極情緒）不像負(fù)面情緒那樣會(huì)讓我們縮小注意力的范圍，積極情緒會(huì)影響我們的大腦，增強(qiáng)我們的意識(shí)、注意力和記憶力。它們幫助我們獲取更多的信息，同時(shí)記住一些想法，并了解不同的想法是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。因此D選項(xiàng)“它們擴(kuò)展我們的思維”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們減輕我們的負(fù)擔(dān)”和C選項(xiàng)“它們延長(zhǎng)我們的壽命”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；B選項(xiàng)“它們使我們集中注意力”是負(fù)面情緒的作用，因此不正確。

6.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesandbabyanimals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theylovehappymelodiesmorethansadones.

B.Theyfallasleepeasilywhilelisteningtomusic.

C.Theyarealreadysensitivetobeatsandrhythms.

D.Theycandistinguishahappytunefromasadone.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Babies’emotions.

B.Infants’behaviors.

C.Babies’interactionwithadults.

D.Infants’facialexpressions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Inlastweek’slecture,wediscussedthecharacteristicsofthenewlybornoffspringofseveralmammals.Youprobablyrememberthathumaninfantsarelessdevelopedphysicallythanothermammalsofthesameage.[19]Butintoday’slecture,we’lllookatthreeveryinterestingstudiesthathintatthesurprisingabilitiesofhumanbabies.

Inthefirststudy,3-year-oldswatchtwovideosshownsidebyside,eachfeaturingadifferentresearcher,oneofwhomthey’dmetonce,twoyearsearlier.Thechildrenspentlongerwatchingthevideoshowingtheresearchertheyhadn’tmet.Thisisconsistentwithyoungchildren’susualtendencytolooklongeratthingsthataren’tfamiliar.Andreallythisisamazing!Itsuggeststhechildrenrememberedtheresearcherthey’dmetjustonetimewhentheywereonlyone-year-olds.Ofcourse,asmostofusforgetmemoriesfromourfirstfewyearsaswegrowolder,theseearlylong-termmemorieswilllikelybelostinsubsequentyears.

Oursecondstudyisaboutmusic.Forthisstudyresearchersplayedmusictobabiesthroughspeakerslocatedoneithersideofahumanface.Theywaiteduntilthebabiesgotboredandinvertedtheirgazefromtheface.Andthentheychangedthemoodofthemusic—eitherfromsadtohappy,ortheotherwayaround.Thismoodswitchmadenodifferencetothe3-month-olds,butforthe9-month-oldsitwasenoughtorenewtheirinterestandtheystartedlookingagaininthedirectionoftheface.[20]Thissuggeststhatbabiesofthatagecantellthedifferencebetweenahappymelodyandasadtune.

Ourfinalstudyisfrom1980,butit’sstillrelevanttoday.[21]Infact,it’soneofthemostfamouspiecesofresearchaboutinfantemotioneverpublished.Thestudyinvolvedordinaryadultswatchingvideoclipsofbabies9-monthoryounger.Inthevideoclips,thebabiesmadevariousfacialexpressionsinresponsetoreallifeevents,includingplayfulinteractionsandpainfulones.Theadultobserverswereabletoreliablydiscernanassortmentofemotionsonthebabies,faces.Theseemotionsincludedinterest,joy,surprise,sadness,anger,disgust,contempt,andfear.

Nextweek,we’llbelookingatthislaststudymoreclosely.Infact,wewillbeviewingsomeofthevideoclipsfromthatstudy.Andtogether,seehowwellwedoindiscerningthebabies’emotions.

19.Whatarethethreeinterestingstudiesabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問這三項(xiàng)有趣的研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音開頭提到“在今天的講座中，我們將看到三個(gè)非常有趣的研究，它們暗示了人類嬰兒驚人的能力（abilitiesofhumanbabies）”，因此A選項(xiàng)“人類嬰兒的能力”正確。B選項(xiàng)“成年人對(duì)兒童的影響”，三個(gè)研究雖有成年人參與，但這些研究并不是研究成年人對(duì)兒童的影響，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“不同新生哺乳動(dòng)物在認(rèn)知方面的特征”是上周的講座所討論的內(nèi)容，而不是本周；D選項(xiàng)“人類嬰兒和動(dòng)物嬰兒之間的相似之處”，錄音中未提及相關(guān)信息。

20.Whatdoesthesecondstudyfindabout9-month-oldbabies?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于9個(gè)月大的嬰兒，第二項(xiàng)研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？在第二項(xiàng)研究中，提到音樂氛圍的變化對(duì)3個(gè)月大的嬰兒沒有影響，但對(duì)于9個(gè)月大的嬰兒來(lái)說(shuō)，這足以重新引起他們的興趣，這表明該年齡段的嬰兒能夠區(qū)分快樂的旋律和悲傷的旋律。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們能分辨出快樂的曲調(diào)和悲傷的曲調(diào)”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“他們喜歡快樂的旋律勝過(guò)悲傷的旋律”和B選項(xiàng)“他們聽音樂時(shí)很容易睡著”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)節(jié)拍和節(jié)奏已經(jīng)很敏感了”。beatsandrhythms在錄音中并未出現(xiàn)，因此C選項(xiàng)可排除。

21.Whatisthe1980studyabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問1980年那項(xiàng)研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音中提到，該項(xiàng)研究是迄今為止發(fā)表的關(guān)于嬰兒情緒（infantemotion）的最著名的研究之一，因此A選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的情緒”正確。B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的行為”并沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“嬰兒和成人的互動(dòng)”，利用錄音的playfulinteractions設(shè)干擾，但錄音是說(shuō)嬰兒看到playfulinteractions時(shí)臉部的表情，不是嬰兒自己的interactions，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的面部表情”是最具有干擾性的一項(xiàng)。事實(shí)上，facialexpressions在這項(xiàng)研究中很重要，但這是為研究嬰兒情緒服務(wù)的，因此D選項(xiàng)不選。

7.單選題

Sincethe1980s,increasingly（

）toolshavemadeitpossibletoproduce,market,anddistributemotionpicturesdigitally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.predictable

B.disguised

C.ornamental

D.sophisticated

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。predictable可預(yù)測(cè)的；disguised偽裝的；ornamental裝飾的；sophisticated高級(jí)的，復(fù)雜的。句意：20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，越來(lái)越高級(jí)的工具使得電影以數(shù)字化形式制作、營(yíng)銷和推廣成為可能。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Indulginginseekingleisureandmaterialcomfort.

B.Attachingtoomuchimportancetoindependence.

C.Failingtocareforparentsinthetraditionalway.

D.Leavingtheirparentsonthevergeofstarvation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavegreatdifficultylivingbythemselves.

B.Theyhavelittlehopeofgettinganyfamilycare.

C.Theyhavefondmemoriesoftheirgoodolddays.

D.Theyhaveasenseofindependenceandautonomy.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldpreferredsmall-sizefamilies.

B.Therehavebeenextendedfamiliesinmostpartsoftheworld.

C.Manyelderlypeoplewereunwillingtotakecareoftheirgrandchildren.

D.SomanyyoungAmericansrefusedtolivetogetherwiththeirparents.25.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Leavetheiryoungergenerationsalone.

B.Avoidbeingaburdentotheirchildren.

C.Stayhealthybyengaginginjoyfulactivities.

D.Viewthingsfromtheirchildren’sperspective.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

Iwouldlikeparticularlytotalkabouttheneedtodevelopanewstyleofaginginourownsociety.[22]Youngpeopleinthiscountryhavebeenaccusedofnotcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry.Andthisistrue.[23]ButitisalsotruethatoldpeoplehavebeeninfluencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy.So,welivealone,perhapsonthevergeofstarvationintimewithoutfriends.Butweareindependent.ThisstandardAmericanstylehasbeenforcedoneveryethnicgroup,althoughtherearemanygroupsforwhomtheidealisnotpractical.Itisapooridealandpursuingitdoesagreatdealofharm.Thisidealofindependencealsocontainsatremendousamountofunselfishness.

Intalkingtotoday’syoungmothers,Ihaveaskedthemwhatkindofgrandmotherstheythinktheyaregoingtobe.Iheardevotedlovingmotherssaythatwhentheyarethroughraisingtheirchildren,theyhavenointentionofbecominggrandmothers.[24]They’reastonishedtohearthatinmostoftheworld,throughoutmostofitshistory,familieshavebeenthree-orfour-generationfamilies,livingunderthesameroof.Wehaveoveremphasizedthesmallfamilyunit—father,mother,smallchildren.Wethinkitiswonderfulifgrandmaandgrandpa,ifthey’restillalive,canlivealone.Wehavereachedthepointwherewethinktheonlythingwecandoforourchildrenistostayoutoftheirway.Andtheonlythingwecandoforourdaughter-in-lawistoseeaslittleofheraspossible.Oldpeople’snursinghomes,eventhebestone,arefilledwitholderpeoplewhobelievetheonlythingtheycandofortheirchildrenistolookcheerfulwhentheycometovisit.[25]Sointheend,olderpeoplehavetodevotealltheirenergiestonotbeingaburden.

Wearebeginningtoseewhatatremendouspricewe’vepaidforouremphasisonindependenceandautonomy.We’veisolatedoldpeopleandwe’vecutoffthechildrenfromtheirgrandparents.Oneofthereasonswehaveasbadagenerationgaptodayaswedoisthatgrandparentshavesteppedout.Youngpeoplearebeingdeprivedofthethingtheyneedmost—perspective—toknowwhytheirparentsbehavesopeculiarlyandwhytheirgrandparentssaythethingstheydo.

22.WhathaveyoungAmericansbeenaccusedof?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問美國(guó)的年輕人被指責(zé)什么？錄音開頭提到，美國(guó)的年輕人被指責(zé)沒有像過(guò)去一樣照顧他們的父母（notcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry），C選項(xiàng)“沒有按照以往的傳統(tǒng)來(lái)照顧父母”是錄音原文的同義表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“沉溺于追求休閑和物質(zhì)上的舒適”在錄音中并未提及；B選項(xiàng)“過(guò)分注重獨(dú)立”，利用錄音中的independence設(shè)置干擾，錄音中說(shuō)的是美國(guó)的老年人深受獨(dú)立自主的理想的影響，并沒有提及年輕人過(guò)分注重獨(dú)立，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“讓他們的父母食不果腹”，利用錄音中的onthevergeofstarvation設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是老年人因深受獨(dú)立思想的影響，選擇自己獨(dú)自生活，以致可能挨餓，生病時(shí)身邊沒有朋友。父母食不果腹并不是年輕人造成的，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutoldpeopleintheUnitedStates?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問的是說(shuō)話人對(duì)美國(guó)的老年人的看法。錄音中提到，美國(guó)的老年人確實(shí)深受獨(dú)立自主的理想的影響（influencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy），D選項(xiàng)“他們有獨(dú)立和自主的意識(shí)”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們獨(dú)自生活有很大的困難”，錄音中只是提及他們（老年人）可能會(huì)挨餓，生病時(shí)身邊沒有朋友，但并沒有說(shuō)這是很大的困難，因此可排除；B選項(xiàng)“他們幾乎沒有希望得到任何家人的照顧”和C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)過(guò)去的日子有著美好的回憶”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此不選。

24.Whatisastonishingtotheyoungmothersinterviewedbythespeaker?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說(shuō)話人采訪的年輕媽媽們對(duì)什么感到驚訝？錄音中提到，她們驚訝的是，世界上大多數(shù)地方的人們，在歷史上多數(shù)時(shí)期里都是三、四代人生活在同一個(gè)屋檐下，B選項(xiàng)“世界上大多數(shù)地方都有大家庭”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“世界上許多地方的人都更喜歡小家庭”很明顯與錄音原文表述相反，所以不正確；C選項(xiàng)“許多老人不愿意照顧他們的子孫”和D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)太多的年輕人拒絕和他們的父母生活在一起”在錄音中沒有信息提及，所以排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakersayolderpeopletrytheirbesttodo?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問老年人盡力做什么？錄音中提到，老年人相信他們能為孩子做的唯一的事情就是當(dāng)孩子來(lái)看望他們時(shí)，盡量表現(xiàn)得快樂，把所有的精力都用來(lái)避免成為一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)（notbeingaburden），因此B選項(xiàng)“避免成為子女的負(fù)擔(dān)”符合錄音原文表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“不打擾他們的年輕一代”；C選項(xiàng)“參與快樂的活動(dòng)以維持身體健康”和D項(xiàng)“站在孩子們的角度看待事情”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此排除。

9.單選題

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofpollution.

B.Theycarryplantseedsandspreadthemtofarawayplaces.

C.Theydeliverpollutantsfromtheoceantotheirnestingsites.

D.Theycanbeusedtodelivermessagesintimesofemergency.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyoriginatefromDevonIslandintheArcticarea.

B.TheymigratetotheArcticCircleduringthesummer.

C.Theyhavetheabilitytosurviveinextremeweathers.

D.Theytravelasfaras400kilometersinsearchoffood.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhadbecomemorepoisonous.

B.Theywerecarriedbythewind.

C.Theypoisonedsomeofthefulmars.

D.Theywerelessthanonthecontinent.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheeffectsofthechangingclimateonArcticseabirds.

B.TheharmArcticseabirdsmaycausetohumans.

C.ThediminishingcoloniesforArcticseabirds.

D.ThethreatshumansposetoArcticseabirds.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】PassageOne

Birdsarefamousforcarryingthingsaround.Some,likehomingpigeons,canbetrainedtodelivermessagesandpackages.Otherbirdsunknowinglycarryseedsthatclingtothemfortheride.

Canadianscientistshavefoundaworrisome,newexampleofthepowerthatbirdshavetospreadstuffaround.WayupnorthintheCanadianArctic,[9]seabirdsarepickingupdangerouschemicalsintheoceananddeliveringthemtopondsnearwherethebirdslive.

Some10,000pairsofthebirds,calledfulmars,akindofArcticseabirds,maketheirnestsonDevonIsland,northoftheArcticCircle.[10]Thefulmarstravelsome400kilometersovertheseatofindfood.Whentheyreturnhome,theirdroppingsendupallaroundtheirnestingsites,includinginnearbyponds.

[11]Previously,scientistsnoticedpollutantsarrivingintheArcticwiththewind.Salmonalsocarrydangerouschemicals,asthefishmigratebetweenriversandthesea.Thebodiesoffishandothermeat-eaterscanbuilduphighlevelsofthechemicals.

Totestthepollutingpoweroffulmars,researcherscollectedsamplesofdepositsfrom11pondsonDevonIsland.Inpondsclosesttothecolony,theresultsshowedthattherewerefarmorepollutantsthaninpondslessaffectedbythebirds.

Thepollutantsinthepondsappeartocomefromfishthatfulmarseatwhenthey’reoutontheocean.

[12]Peoplewholive,hunt,orfishnearbirdcoloniesneedtobecareful,theresearcherssay.Thebirdsdon’tmeantocauseharm,butthechemicalstheycarrycancausemajorproblems.

9.WhathaveCanadianscientistsfoundaboutsomeseabirds?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于海鳥，加拿大科學(xué)家們有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？錄音開頭提到，加拿大的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)海鳥能傳播污染物：在加拿大北部的北極地區(qū)，海鳥從海洋中叼走危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)品，并運(yùn)送到其棲息地附近的池塘里。C選項(xiàng)“它們把海洋里污染物運(yùn)送到它們筑巢的地方”是對(duì)錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“污染導(dǎo)致它們?yōu)l臨滅絕”錄音中并沒有提及；B選項(xiàng)“它們攜帶植物種子，并把種子傳播到遙遠(yuǎn)的地方”這一信息雖然在錄音中有所提及，但并不是加拿大科學(xué)家們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)“在緊急情況下，它們會(huì)傳遞信息”，錄音中說(shuō)的這種鳥類是信鴿，而不是海鳥，因此不正確。

10.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheseabirdscalledfulmars?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于管鼻藿這種海鳥，說(shuō)話人說(shuō)了什么？錄音提到，有一種生活在北極的海鳥，名叫管鼻藿（fulmar）。大約有一萬(wàn)多對(duì)管鼻藿在北極圈以北的德文島筑巢。它們會(huì)飛行約400公里，穿越海洋尋找食物。D選項(xiàng)“它們飛行400公里尋找食物”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們起源于北極地區(qū)的德文島”，錄音只是提及管鼻藿在北極圈以北的德文島筑巢，并沒有表明它們是起源于德文島，因此不正確；B選項(xiàng)“它們?cè)谙募具w徙到北極圈”和C選項(xiàng)“它們能在極端天氣條件下生存”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

11.WhatdidscientistspreviouslynoticeaboutpollutantsintheArctic?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問科學(xué)家以前在北極發(fā)現(xiàn)的污染物是什么？錄音提到，早前，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)這些污染物是被風(fēng)吹到北極地區(qū)的。B選項(xiàng)中的werecarriedbythewind是錄音中arriving…withthewind的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。因此B選項(xiàng)“它們是被風(fēng)吹來(lái)的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們毒性越來(lái)越大”；C選項(xiàng)“它們毒害了一些管鼻藿”和D選項(xiàng)“它們沒有像大陸上殘留的那么多”在錄音中均沒有相關(guān)信息提及，因此排除。

12.Whatdoesthespeakerwarnaboutattheendofthetalk?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說(shuō)話者在演講結(jié)束時(shí)警告了什么？錄音最后提到，研究人員認(rèn)為，在鳥類棲息地附近生活、狩獵或捕魚的人們需要提高警惕。這些鳥類本身不會(huì)造成危害，但它們攜帶的化學(xué)物質(zhì)則會(huì)引起重大問題。由此可知，此處的“重大問題”應(yīng)是指會(huì)對(duì)人類造成危害的問題，因此B選項(xiàng)“北極海鳥可能對(duì)人類造成危害”正確。A選項(xiàng)“氣候變化對(duì)北極海鳥的影響”；C選項(xiàng)“北極海鳥棲息地的減少”和D選項(xiàng)“人類對(duì)北極海鳥構(gòu)成的威脅”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

10.單選題

Theairportpolicewho（）thegirlconcludedthatshewasinnocentandhadn’tknownaboutthedrugs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interrogated

B.shrouded

C.ratified

D.muffled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。interrogate“詢問”；shroud“遮蔽”；ratify“批準(zhǔn)”；muffle“使聲音低沉，裹住，捂住”。句意：機(jī)場(chǎng)警察詢問了那個(gè)女孩，認(rèn)為她是無(wú)辜的，她對(duì)毒品一無(wú)所知。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Whenrequiredbytheirparentstoeatgreenvegetablesmanychildrenonlydoso（reluctantly）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimately

B.impatiently

C.unwillingly

D.unknowingly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。reluctantly表示“不情愿地”；A項(xiàng)intimately“親切地”，B項(xiàng)impatiently“不耐煩地”，C項(xiàng)unwillingly“不情愿地”，D項(xiàng)unknowingly“不知不覺地”。句意：當(dāng)父母要求吃綠色蔬菜時(shí)，很多孩子只是不情愿地這么做。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.

B.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.

C.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.

D.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisintenselycompetitive.

B.Itfocusesonnewproducts.

C.Itdemandshugeinvestment.

D.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.

B.Sharingofcostswitheachother.

C.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.

D.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

WelcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonthefutureofsmallbusinessesinEurope.Thepurposeoftoday’slecture,asyouhaveseenfromthetitleandtheabstract,[23]istoexamineinmoredetailtheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswhichariseatleastinpartfromhavingtoadapttorapidadvancesintechnology.AndIwanttolookatthesebothfromafinancialandfromapersonnelpointofviewandtoofferafewhopefullyeffectivesolutions.

HerewehavethreeofthemostimportantproblemsfacingsmallbusinessesthatIwanttolookattoday.

First,keepingupwiththepaceoftechnologicalchange,recruitinghighqualitystaffinatimeofskillsshortagesinITasawholeandinahighlycompetitivemarket,andtheissueofretainingstaffoncethey’vebeenrecruitedandtrained.Now,a