2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-通用考博英語(yǔ)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)74

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-通用考博英語(yǔ)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Ittookalotofimaginationtocomeupwithsuchan（）plan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inherent

B.ingenious

C.infectious

D.indulgent

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inherent“內(nèi)在的,固有的,與生倶來(lái)的”;ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的,機(jī)靈的”;infectious“傳染的,傳染性的”;indulgent“放縱的,寬容的”。句意:想出這樣一個(gè)巧妙的計(jì)劃需要很大的想象力。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism.

B.Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution.

C.Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure.

D.Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow.

B.Mostworkerscouldaffordtohaveahouseoftheirown.

C.Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange.

D.Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lossofworkers’personaldignity.

B.Deprivationofworkers’creativity.

C.Unequaldistributionofworkinghours.

D.Deteriorationofworkers’mentalhealth.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingTwo

Free-marketcapitalismhasn’tfreedus—ithastrappedus.It’simperativeforustoembraceawork-placerevolution.Weareunlikelytospendourlastmomentsregrettingthatwedidn’tspendenoughofourlivesslavingawayatwork.[19]Wemayinsteadfindourselvesfeelingguiltyaboutthetimewedidn’tspendwatchingourchildrengrow,orwithourlovedones,ortravelling,orontheculturalorleisurepursuitsthatbringushappiness.Unfortunately,theaveragefull-timeemployeeintheworldworks42hoursaweek,welloverathirdofthetimeweareawake.Someofouralltooprecioustimeisbeingstolen:officeworkersdoaroundtwobillionhoursofunpaidovertimeeachyear.Soitisextremelywelcomethatsomegovernmentcoalitionshavestartedlookingintopotentiallycuttingtheworkingweektofourdays.

Thechampionsoffreemarketcapitalismpromisedtheirwayoflifewouldbringusfreedom.Butitwasn’tfreedomatall:fromthelackofsecure,affordablehousingtogrowingjobinsecurityandrisingpersonaldebt,theindividualistrapped.[20]Ninedecadesago,leadingeconomistspredictedthattechnologicaladvancesandrisingproductivitywouldmeanthatwe’dbeworkinga15-hourweekbynow:thattargethasbeensomewhatmissed.

Hereisthemostmalignantthreattoourpersonalfreedom,particularlyasthebalanceofpowerintheworkplacehasbeenshiftedsodramaticallyfromworkertoboss.Ahugeportionofourlivesinvolvesthesurrenderofourfreedomandpersonalautonomy.It’stimeinwhichwearedirectedbytheneedsanddesiresofothers,anddeniedtherighttomakeourownchoices.That’sbadforus:itishardlysurprisingthat[21]overhalfamillionworkerssufferfromwork-relatedmentalhealthconditionseachyear,orthat15.4millionworkingdayswerelosttowork-relatedstresslastyear,ajumpofnearlyaquarter.

Yes,therearethosewho,farfrombeingoverworked,actuallyseekmorehours.Butashorterworkingweekwouldenableustoredistributehoursfromtheoverworkedtotheunderworked.Weneedtolookatwaysofcuttingtheworkingweekwithoutslashinglivingstandards:afterall,theworld’sworkershavealreadysufferedtheworstdeductioninwagessincetheearly1800s.Andcuttingtheworkingweekwouldbeconducivetotheindividual,givingmillionsofworkersmoretimetospendastheyseefit.

19.Whatdopeopleoftenfeelguiltyaboutaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)者的說(shuō)法，人們通常對(duì)什么感到內(nèi)疚？錄音開(kāi)頭提到，我們可能會(huì)覺(jué)得內(nèi)疚，因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)有花時(shí)間看著我們的孩子成長(zhǎng)……或去追求那些帶給我們快樂(lè)的休閑活動(dòng)。因此C選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有花足夠的時(shí)間在家庭生活和休閑上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有從自由市場(chǎng)資本主義中受益”，雖然錄音處處透露出自由市場(chǎng)資本主義帶給人的不好影響，但是說(shuō)話(huà)者沒(méi)有指出人們對(duì)此感到內(nèi)疚，因此A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有在職場(chǎng)革命中發(fā)揮作用”和D選項(xiàng)“掙的錢(qián)不夠養(yǎng)家”在錄音中均未提及。

20.Whatdidleadingeconomistspredict90yearsago?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)90年前一流的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)了什么？錄音提到，90年前一流的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家曾預(yù)測(cè)現(xiàn)在的我們每周只需工作15個(gè)小時(shí)，因此A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們一周只工作15個(gè)小時(shí)”與錄音原文表述一致。B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)工作者都有錢(qián)買(mǎi)房子”，錄音中提及的是從缺乏安全的、負(fù)擔(dān)得起的住房，到工作越來(lái)越得不到保障，再到個(gè)人債務(wù)不斷增加，個(gè)人被困住了，并沒(méi)有提及大多數(shù)人都有錢(qián)買(mǎi)房子，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“工作場(chǎng)所的權(quán)力平衡將會(huì)改變”，錄音中雖然提到相關(guān)信息，但這并不是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的預(yù)測(cè)，因此C選項(xiàng)可排除；D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步將創(chuàng)造許多新的工作崗位”在錄音中并沒(méi)有提及。

21.Whatistheresultofdenyingworker’srighttomaketheirownchoices?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)剝奪勞動(dòng)者自主選擇權(quán)的后果是什么？錄音提到，我們被剝奪了選擇的權(quán)利。這對(duì)我們是不利的：每年有超過(guò)50萬(wàn)的勞動(dòng)者受累于與工作相關(guān)的精神健康問(wèn)題。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)者心理健康狀況惡化”與之意思符合，所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“喪失勞動(dòng)者的人格尊嚴(yán)”和B選項(xiàng)“剝奪勞動(dòng)者的創(chuàng)造力”在錄音中沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“工作時(shí)間分配不均”，利用redistributehours設(shè)置干擾，錄音只是說(shuō)更短的工作周將使我們能夠重新分配工作時(shí)間，并沒(méi)有提到分配不均的問(wèn)題，因此C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

3.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Doingenjoyablework.

B.Earningacompetitivesalary.

C.Havingfriendlycolleagues.

D.Workingforsupportivebosses.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.20%.

B.25%.

C.31%.

D.73%.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thosefullofskilledworkers.

B.Thosethatarewellmanaged.

C.Thoserunbywomen.

D.Thoseofasmallsize.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.

B.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.

C.Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.

D.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:WelcometoWorkplace,andintoday’sprogramwe’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic—happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.

M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.[1]Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone’sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.

W:So,we’renotmainlymotivatedbymoney?

M:Apparentlynot.

W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?

M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas“veryhappy”atwork.However,[2]20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.

W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.

M:Itis,isn’tit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.[3]Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.

W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?

M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.[4]Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.

W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?

M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.

1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)這項(xiàng)調(diào)查，讓員工快樂(lè)的首要因素是什么?錄音提及，大部分受訪(fǎng)者認(rèn)為，要有工作幸福感，最重要的因素是與友好的、能給予幫助的同事一起共事。C選項(xiàng)“與友好的同事共事”是錄音原文復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“從事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素，與題干不符，因此排除；B選項(xiàng)“獲得有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的薪水”是調(diào)查得出的兩個(gè)最不重要的因素之一，因此也可排除；D選項(xiàng)“為能給予幫助的老板工作”，這里能給予幫助的應(yīng)該是同事而不是老板，與原文表述不符，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)在接受調(diào)查的人中，對(duì)工作感到不快樂(lè)的比例是多少?錄音中，男士提及，有25%的受訪(fǎng)者認(rèn)為自己在工作中“非常愉快”，而有20%的受訪(fǎng)者則認(rèn)為自己在工作中不愉快。因此，A選項(xiàng)“20%”正確。B選項(xiàng)“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的人群所占的比例；C選項(xiàng)“31%”錄音中沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“73%”的對(duì)象與題干不相關(guān)，也可排除。

3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)什么樣的公司最受員工歡迎？錄音中，男士提及調(diào)查還得出幾個(gè)有趣的結(jié)論，其中一點(diǎn)是人們更喜歡去員工在100人以下的小規(guī)模機(jī)構(gòu)或公司工作。因此D選項(xiàng)“規(guī)模小的公司”正確。A選項(xiàng)“充滿(mǎn)熟練工人的公司”；B選項(xiàng)“管理得當(dāng)?shù)墓尽焙虲選項(xiàng)“由女性經(jīng)營(yíng)的公司”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此可排除。

4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)簽訂兼職合同的人更快樂(lè)的可能原因是什么?錄音中男士提及，那些一天只需工作四五個(gè)小時(shí)的兼職人員，其幸福感要比那些全職員工高。研究人員得出的結(jié)論是：這可能是因?yàn)榧媛毴藛T的工作與生活有更好的平衡。B選項(xiàng)中的balanceworkandlife是錄音中work-lifebalance的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們可以贏得工作上的認(rèn)可”是對(duì)工作幸福感最不重要的兩個(gè)影響因素之一，與兼職人員的工作幸福感無(wú)關(guān)，因此排除；C選項(xiàng)“他們可以輕松地從一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D項(xiàng)“他們從事不止一份工作”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此也可排除。

4.單選題

Asayoungman,Johnwasfascinatedbymovies.Hewouldoftenseefourorfivefilmsaweek.Hisinterestinthemwanedinhislatetwenties,whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asayoungman

B.wouldoftensee

C.inhislatetwenties

D.whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】D

【解析】短語(yǔ)誤用。begantospend改成beganspending。表示開(kāi)始一種新習(xí)慣時(shí)，應(yīng)使用begindoing的形式

5.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenearfuture.

B.Itisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheworld.

C.Itistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtymoney.

D.Itishelpingitsbankstoimproveefficiency.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalcurrency.

B.Whetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtospend.

C.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteverydaylife.

D.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesapersontospendmore.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecashinherhandbagwasmissing.

B.Theserviceonthetrainwasnotgood.

C.Therestaurantcaracceptedcashonly.

D.Therewasnofoodserviceonthetrain.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bydrawingmoneyweekbyweek.

B.Byputtingmoneyintoenvelopes.

C.Bylimitingtheirday-to-dayspending.

D.Byrefusingtobuyanythingoncredit.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingTwo

SwedenwasthefirstEuropeancountrytoprintandusepapermoney,[19]butitmaysoondoawaywithphysicalcurrencies.

Bankscansavealotofmoneyandavoidregulatoryheadachesbymovingtoacash-freesystem,andtheycanalsoavoidbankrobberies,theft,anddirtymoney.

ClaerBarrett,theeditorofFinancialTimesMoney,saystheWesternworldisheadedtowardaworldwithoutphysicalcurrency.

AndyHolder—thechiefeconomistatTheBankofEngland—suggestedthattheUKmovetowardsagovernment-backeddigitalcurrency.Butdoesacashlesssocietyreallymakegoodeconomicsense?

“Thefactthatcashisbeingdrawnoutofsociety,islessafeatureofoureverydaylives,andtheeaseofelectronicpayments—isthisactuallymakingusspendmoremoneywithoutrealizingit?”

[20]Barrettwantedtofindoutiftheabsenceofphysicalcurrencydoesindeedcauseapersontospendmore,soshedecidedtoconductanexperimentafewmonthsago.

Shedecidedthatshewasgoingtotrytojustusecashfortwoweekstomakeallofheressentialpurchasesandseewhatthatwoulddotoherspending.Shefoundshedidspendalotlessmoneybecauseitisincrediblyhardtopredicthowmuchcashoneisgoingtoneed—shewasforeverdrawingmoneyoutofcashpoints.Monthslater,shewasstillfindingcashstuffedinhertrouserpocketsandthepocketsofherhandbags.

[21]Duringtheexperiment,Barretttookatrainride.Ontheway,therewasanannouncementthattherestaurantcarwasnotcurrentlyacceptingcreditcards.Thetraincarswerefilledwithgroansbecausemanyofthepassengersweretravelingwithoutcash.

“Itunderlinesjusthowmuchthingshavechangedinthelastgeneration,”Barrettsays.“[22]Myparents,whentheywereyounger,usedtobudgetbyputtingmoneyintoenvelopes—they’dgetpaidandthey’dimmediatelyseparatethecashintopilesandputtheminenvelopes,sotheyknewwhattheyhadtospendweekbyweek.Itwasaveryeffectivewayforthemtokeeptrackoftheirspending.Nowadays,we’realloncreditcards,we’redoingonlinepurchases,andmoneyiskindofbecomingalessphysicalandmoreimaginarytypeofthingthatwecan’tgetourhandsaround.”

19.WhatdowelearnaboutSweden?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于瑞典我們能夠了解到什么？錄音開(kāi)頭便提及，瑞典是第一個(gè)印刷并使用紙幣的歐洲國(guó)家，但是它將很快摒棄實(shí)體貨幣。A選項(xiàng)中g(shù)iveuppapermoney是對(duì)原文中doawaywithphysicalcurrencies的同義替換，因此A選項(xiàng)“它在不久的將來(lái)可能放棄使用紙幣”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它是世界上第一個(gè)使用信用卡的國(guó)家”；C選項(xiàng)“它正在努力清除非法錢(qián)財(cái)”和D選項(xiàng)“它正在幫助銀行提高效率”均是利用錄音個(gè)別字詞設(shè)置干擾，錄音中并沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息涉及，因此不正確。

20.WhatdidClaerBarrettwanttofindoutwithherexperiment?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)ClaerBarrett想從她的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)什么?錄音中提及ClaerBarrett為了弄清楚是否不使用實(shí)體貨幣就會(huì)導(dǎo)致錢(qián)花得更多，她決定做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。D選項(xiàng)“是否不使用實(shí)體貨幣就會(huì)導(dǎo)致錢(qián)花得更多”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“不帶任何實(shí)體貨幣旅行是否有可能”和C選項(xiàng)“不使用實(shí)體貨幣是否會(huì)影響日常生活”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此排除；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的花費(fèi)是否能夠預(yù)測(cè)”，錄音中雖然提及，要預(yù)測(cè)一個(gè)人需要多少現(xiàn)金是非常困難的，但這并不是ClaerBarrett實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的，因此可排除。

21.WhatdidClaerBarrettfindonhertrainride?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)ClaerBarrett在火車(chē)上發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?錄音中提及，在ClaerBarrett進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的期間，有一次，她在搭乘火車(chē)旅行的途中遇到了列車(chē)廣播通知乘客餐車(chē)不接受信用卡支付的事件。由此可知，餐車(chē)只接受現(xiàn)金支付。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“她手提包里的現(xiàn)金不見(jiàn)了”；B選項(xiàng)“火車(chē)上的服務(wù)不好”和D選項(xiàng)“火車(chē)上沒(méi)有餐飲服務(wù)”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此可排除。

22.Howdidpeopleofthelastgenerationbudgettheirspending?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)上一代的人是如何預(yù)算他們的開(kāi)支的？錄音結(jié)尾提到ClaerBarrett回想起自己父母（即上一代人）年輕時(shí)，常常通過(guò)將現(xiàn)金放進(jìn)信封的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行預(yù)算開(kāi)支。B選項(xiàng)是錄音原文原詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)每星期取款”；C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)限制他們的日常開(kāi)支”和D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)拒絕賒購(gòu)任何東西”在錄音中均未提及，因此排除。

6.單選題

“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Jensonat2o’clockthisafternoon?”

“I’msorry.Mr.Jenson（

）toaconferencelongbeforethen.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavegone

B.hadgone

C.wouldhavegone

D.hasgone

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。“這個(gè)下午兩點(diǎn)”表示將來(lái)時(shí)間，根據(jù)“beforethen”可知要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itdisplaysalbumsbynewmusictalents.

B.IthasseveralbranchesinLondon.

C.Itsponsorsmajorjazzconcerts.

D.Itfocusesexclusivelyonjazz.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsmarkethasnowshrunk.

B.Itoriginatedwithcowboys.

C.Itremainsaswidespreadashiphopmusic.

D.Itslistenersaremostlyyoungpeople.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsstylehasremainedlargelyunchanged.

B.Itisstillgoingthroughexperimentation.

C.Itisfrequentlyaccompaniedbysinging.

D.Itsdefinitionisvariedandcomplicated.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Learntoplaythem.

B.Listentothemyourself.

C.Takemusiclessons.

D.Consultjazzmusicians.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Excuseme.Where’syourrockmusicsection?

W:Rockmusic?I’msorry,we’rea,jazzstore.Wedon’thaveanyrockandroll.

M:Oh,youonlyhavejazzmusic?Nothingelse?

W:That’sright.[1]We’retheonlyrecordstoreinLondondedicatedexclusivelytojazz.Actually,we’remorethanjustarecordstore.Wehaveacafeandlibraryupstairsandaticketofficedownthehall,whereyoucanbuyticketstoallthemajorjazzconcertsinthecity.Also,wehaveourownstudionextdoor,whereweproducealbumsforup-and-comingartists.We’recommittedtofosteringnewmusictalent.

M:Wow!That’ssocool![2]Iguessthere’snotmuchofajazzsceneanymore.Notliketheyusedtobe,buthereyou’retryingtopromotethisgreatmusicgenre.

W:Yes,indeed,nowadaysmostpeopleliketolistentopopandrockmusic.HiphopmusicfromAmericaisalsogettingmoreandmorepopular.Soasaresult,there’refewerlistenersofjazz,whichisagreatshame,becauseit’sanincrediblyrichgenre.Butthat’snottosaythereisn’tanygoodnewjazzmusicbeingmadeoutthereanymore.Farfromit.It’sjustamuchsmallermarkettoday.

M:Sohowwouldyoudefinejazz?

W:Well,interestinglyenough,[3]there’snoagreed-upondefinitionofjazz.Indeed,therearemanydifferentstylesofjazz.Somehavesinging,butmostdon’t.Someareelectricandsomearen’t.Somecontainliveexperimentation,butnotalways.Whilethere’snosimpledefinitionforit,andwhilethere’remanydifferentstylesofjazz,yousimplyknowitwhenyouhearit.[4]Honestly,theonlywaytoknowwhatjazzis,islistentoityourself.Asagreattrumpetplayer,LouisArmstrongsaid,ifyougottaask,you’llneverknow.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman’sstore?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于女士商店的信息。對(duì)話(huà)開(kāi)頭，女士提到他們是倫敦唯一專(zhuān)門(mén)經(jīng)營(yíng)爵士樂(lè)的唱片店，因此D選項(xiàng)“它只專(zhuān)注于爵士樂(lè)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“展出新音樂(lè)人才的專(zhuān)輯”最具有干擾性，主要是利用錄音中的newmusictalent設(shè)干擾，女士只是說(shuō)他們致力于培養(yǎng)新的音樂(lè)人才，在錄音室為他們制作專(zhuān)輯，并沒(méi)有提到她的店展出新音樂(lè)人才的專(zhuān)輯，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“它在倫敦有幾家分店”以及C選項(xiàng)“它贊助大型爵士音樂(lè)會(huì)”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及。

2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutjazzmusic?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于爵士樂(lè)，男士說(shuō)了什么？男士說(shuō)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒(méi)有多少爵士樂(lè)的音樂(lè)圈子了，意在表達(dá)爵士樂(lè)不那么流行了。因此A選項(xiàng)“它的市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)萎縮”符合男士的說(shuō)法。B選項(xiàng)“它起源于牛仔”在錄音中沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“它仍然像嘻哈音樂(lè)一樣廣泛傳播”，錄音說(shuō)現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)年輕人喜歡聽(tīng)流行音樂(lè)和搖滾音樂(lè)，美國(guó)的嘻哈音樂(lè)也越來(lái)越受歡迎，爵士樂(lè)的聽(tīng)眾越來(lái)越少，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“它的聽(tīng)眾大多是年輕人”，錄音中只是提及年輕人喜歡聽(tīng)流行音樂(lè)和搖滾音樂(lè)，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)爵士樂(lè)的聽(tīng)眾也是年輕人，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutjazz?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于爵士樂(lè)，女士說(shuō)了什么？女士在回答什么是爵士樂(lè)時(shí)提到，人們對(duì)爵士樂(lè)并沒(méi)有一致的定義，也就是說(shuō)“爵士樂(lè)的定義是多樣的，復(fù)雜的”，D選項(xiàng)是錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它的風(fēng)格基本上沒(méi)有變化”，錄音提到爵士樂(lè)有很多不同的風(fēng)格，但并未提及風(fēng)格沒(méi)有變化，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“它仍在進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)”，利用錄音中的experimentation設(shè)干擾，錄音只是說(shuō)爵士樂(lè)的風(fēng)格中有些包含現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)音樂(lè)，并不是說(shuō)音樂(lè)在進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“它經(jīng)常伴有歌聲”與錄音中說(shuō)的“有些有演唱，但大多數(shù)沒(méi)有”不符，因此錯(cuò)誤。

4.Whatshouldyoudotoappreciatedifferentstylesofjazzaccordingtothewoman?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)女士認(rèn)為應(yīng)該怎么做才能欣賞不同風(fēng)格的爵士樂(lè)？錄音最后，女士提到，要知道爵士樂(lè)是什么，唯一的方法就是自己去聽(tīng)，因此B選項(xiàng)“自己聽(tīng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)會(huì)演奏”；C選項(xiàng)“上音樂(lè)課”以及D選項(xiàng)“咨詢(xún)爵士音樂(lè)家”均未在錄音中提及，因此不正確。

8.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisfertileandproductive.

B.Itissmallandunconventional.

C.Itiswelllocatedandcompletelyautomated.

D.Itisprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirwishtosetanewfarmingstandard.

B.Theirurgetomakefarmingmoreenjoyable.

C.Theirdesiretoimprovefarmingequipment.

D.Theirhopetorevitalizetraditionalfarming.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcauseshardlyanypollution.

B.Itloosenssoilwhileweeding.

C.Itsavesalotofelectricity.

D.Itneedslittlemaintenance.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

There’salotaboutLeoSanchezandhisfarminSalinas,Californiathatseemsunusual.[9]Thenationalaveragefarmsizeisaround440acres,buthisisonlyoneacre.Theaverageageoffarmershoversaround58yearsold,butheisjust26.AndSanchezconstantlyattemptstoimproveeverythingfromseedingtechniquesoutinthefieldtothepromotionandsaleofhisproduceonline.Thisisevidenceofanexperimentalapproach.[9]It’sanapproachnotdictatedbytheconfinesofconventional,large-scaleagricultureledbyinternationalcorporations.

Whilefarmingisoftendifficultforboththebodyandmind,[10]Sanchezsaysheandmanyofhisfellowyoungfarmersaremotivatedbyadesiretosetanewstandardforagriculture.Manyofthemareemployingamultitudeoftechnologies,somenewandsome...notsonew.Recently,[11]Sanchezboughtahand-operatedtoolwhichpullsoutweedsandloosenssoil.Itactuallydatesbacktoatleast1701.ItstandsinsharpcontrasttoSanchez’sothergadget:agas-poweredflameweed-killerinventedin1997.Hesimplydoesn’tdiscriminatewhenitcomestothenewnessoftools.Ifitworks,itworks.

Farmershavealonghistoryofinvention,andit’snodifferenttoday.Youngfarmersareguidedbytheirloveofagricultureandaidedbytheirknowledgeoftechnology.Tofindinexpensiveandappropriately-sizedtools,theycollaborateandinnovate.Sometimestheoldstuffjustworksbetter,ormoreefficiently.

9.WhatdowelearnaboutLeoSanchez’sfarm?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于利奧?桑切斯的農(nóng)場(chǎng)的信息。錄音提到，全國(guó)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的平均面積約440英畝，但利奧?桑切斯的農(nóng)場(chǎng)只有一英畝，由此可知他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模很小。桑切斯不斷嘗試改進(jìn)一切，其實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法不為傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)所束縛，由此可知他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)是非傳統(tǒng)的。因此B選項(xiàng)“規(guī)模小，非傳統(tǒng)”為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)“肥沃多產(chǎn)”和D選項(xiàng)“盈利且環(huán)保”在錄音中沒(méi)有提及。C選項(xiàng)“位置優(yōu)越，完全自動(dòng)化”，錄音中提到桑切斯買(mǎi)了一個(gè)可以拔除雜草和松土的手動(dòng)工具，由此可知并不是完全自動(dòng)化的，因此C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

10.WhathasmotivatedLeoSanchezandhisfellowyoungfarmerstoengageinfarming?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)是什么激勵(lì)利奧?桑切斯和他的伙伴們從事農(nóng)業(yè)？錄音提到，他和許多年輕的農(nóng)民伙伴都是受一種為農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)立新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的愿望所激勵(lì)，因此A選項(xiàng)“他們希望樹(shù)立新的農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們想讓農(nóng)業(yè)變得更有樂(lè)趣的強(qiáng)烈愿望”；C選項(xiàng)“他們改善農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備的愿望”以及D選項(xiàng)“他們希望振興傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)”均不正確。

11.WhydidLeoSanchezbuyahand-operatedweedingtool?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)利奧?桑切斯為什么要買(mǎi)一個(gè)手動(dòng)除草工具？錄音提到，桑切斯買(mǎi)了一個(gè)可以拔除雜草和松土的手動(dòng)工具，因此B選項(xiàng)“除草時(shí)能松土”正確。A選項(xiàng)“幾乎不會(huì)造成任何污染”；C選項(xiàng)“節(jié)省了大量電力”以及D選項(xiàng)“幾乎不需要維護(hù)”在錄音中均未提及。

9.單選題

Foreignbusinessmen（）hesitatetoinvestalargesumofmoneyinatime-consumingandhigh-costprojectifthecountryisunderpoliticaldisturbances.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.permanently

B.routinely

C.temporarily

D.unswervingly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。permanently“永久地；長(zhǎng)期不變地”；routinely“例行公事地，老一套地”；temporarily“臨時(shí)地”；unswervingly“堅(jiān)定不移地”。句意：如果一個(gè)國(guó)家政局不穩(wěn)，外商通常會(huì)猶豫是否投資耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)、成本高的項(xiàng)目。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。kidnap“綁架”；harass“擾亂，使煩惱”；heckle“詰問(wèn)，責(zé)問(wèn)”；harbor“庇護(hù)”。句意：總統(tǒng)演講的目的在于要讓那些不大情愿的國(guó)家相信，強(qiáng)硬制裁那些庇護(hù)恐怖分子的國(guó)家是非常有必要的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theywillpickupsomesouvenirsorgiftitems.

B.Theywillhavetheirvehicleswashedorserviced.

C.Theywilltakeadvantageofthetimetorestawhile.

D.Theywillbuysomethingfromtheconveniencestores.14.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymayeventuallydriveonetobankruptcy.

B.Theyshouldbedoneawaywithaltogether.

C.Theyaremeantfortheextremelywealthy.

D.Theycanbringonlytemporarypleasures.15.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smalldailysavingscanmakeabigdifferenceinone’slife.

B.Avacationwillbeaffordableifonesaves20dollarsaweek.

C.Retirementsavingsshouldcomefirstinone’sfamilybudgeting.

D.Agoodwaytosocializeistohavedailylunchwithone’scolleagues.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】PassageTwo

It’snoaccidentthatmostgasstationshaveconveniencestoresattached.[13]Fewofuscanfillupthetankwithoutbuyingafewsnacks,cigarettes,softdrinksorotheritemswecanlivewithout.Ideserveit.That’swhathardworkingmenandwomensaytojustifytheirlavishvacations,bigstereosystemsorregularrestaurantmeals.Theydodeservesuchindulgences.However,theyalsodeserveahomeoftheirown—asecureretirementandfreedomfromworryingaboutunpaidbills.NooneshouldhavetolivewithwhataTexasmotherdescribedasconstantstress,tension,evenfearaboutmoney.[14]Sadly,thepleasurethatcomesfromextravagancesoftendisappearslongbeforethebillsdo.Thevideocamerathatonesinglemotherboughtforaspecialoccasion,forexample,isnotmuchfunnow.She’sfiguredoutthatitwilltakeheranotherthreeyearstopayitoffat$30amonth.AndtheNewYorkerswhospentabundleonanoutdoorhottubnowadmittheyrarelyuseit,becausewecan’taffordtoheatitinwinter.Thesolution:setpriorities—adduptheannualcostofeachitem,thenconsiderwhatelseyoucouldbuywiththesamemoney.Thatwillhelpyoudecidewhichitemsarereallyworthit.OneChicagowoman,forexample,discoveredthatdailyluncheswithcoworkerscosther$2,000ayear;shedecidedtotakelunchtoworkinstead.[15]“Inowput$20aweekintomyvacationfundandanother20intoretirementsavings,”shesays.“Thosemeanmoretomethanlunch.”

13.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutdriverswhostopatgasstations?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于停在加油站的司機(jī)，說(shuō)話(huà)者說(shuō)了什么？錄音開(kāi)頭提到，大部分加油站旁邊都會(huì)有便利店。很少人在加油站給車(chē)輛加油時(shí)不會(huì)順道去買(mǎi)一些零食、煙、軟飲料等。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)在便利店買(mǎi)一些東西”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)挑選一些紀(jì)念品或者禮物”；B選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)將車(chē)輛拿去清洗或進(jìn)行其他服務(wù)”和C選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)利用時(shí)間休息一會(huì)兒”在錄音中均未提及。

14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutextravagances?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于奢侈，說(shuō)話(huà)者說(shuō)了什么？錄音提到，一些努力工作賺錢(qián)的人認(rèn)為他們花錢(qián)奢侈地度假、買(mǎi)巨型的立體音響，或者去餐館吃飯都無(wú)可厚非，但是這種享受奢侈消費(fèi)帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)很短暫，通常在你的賬單尚未還清時(shí)就已消失殆盡。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“它們只能帶來(lái)短暫的快樂(lè)”與錄音原文表述一致。A選項(xiàng)“它們最終會(huì)使人走向破產(chǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)“它們應(yīng)該被徹底摒棄”和C選項(xiàng)“它們代表著非常富有”均不正確。

15.WhatdoesthespeakerwanttoshowbytheexampleoftheChicagowoman?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話(huà)者想通過(guò)芝加哥女士的例子表明什么？錄音最后舉了一個(gè)例子：一個(gè)生活在芝加哥的女士發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己每天跟同事一起吃午飯所花的錢(qián)一年累計(jì)下來(lái)達(dá)兩千美元。后來(lái)該女士就開(kāi)始自己帶午餐。接著她說(shuō)到自己如今每星期都會(huì)把節(jié)省下來(lái)的錢(qián)分別存儲(chǔ)到旅游資金和退休積蓄上，對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)這錢(qián)省下來(lái)比花在午餐上更加有意義。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“每日少量的積蓄對(duì)個(gè)人生活意義重大”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人每周節(jié)省20美元，度假是可以接受的”，錄音中只提到女士每周把20美元存到旅游資金中，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)節(jié)省下來(lái)的這筆錢(qián)就能負(fù)擔(dān)得起旅游費(fèi)用，因此排除B選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“退休儲(chǔ)蓄應(yīng)該排在家庭預(yù)算第一位”和D選項(xiàng)“交際的好方法就是與同事一起吃午飯”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，所以不正確。

12.單選題

Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively（）bytheuseofhumor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquainted

B.installed

C.regulated

D.facilitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。acquaint“使熟悉”；install“安裝”；regulate“調(diào)節(jié)”；facilitate“促進(jìn)”。句意：幽默可以有效促進(jìn)職場(chǎng)員工的凝聚力發(fā)展和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作意識(shí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Unlikegirlsandboysinearliergenerations,whotendedtospendagooddealoftimeplayingtogether,today’s12-year-oldsaretypicallygivenseveralelectronicdevices,sothey

wouldinclinetoplayalone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gooddealoftimeplaying

B.today’s12-year-olds

C.typicallygiven

D.wouldinclinetoplay

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。incline改為tend。此處表達(dá)的是：傾向（做…），而inclinetodosth.為：傾向于（認(rèn)為某個(gè)信念或觀點(diǎn)是正確的）。

14.單選題

Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescenceperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.

Inmodemsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandthereisnolongeragreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageof16theadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreasehissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver’slicense,hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageof18thelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageof21theindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,buyliquor,enterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.

1.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause（）.

2.Former