2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)7

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Lifeoffersusamyriadof（）,evenopposingones,andwhatisinvolvedinourdecisionprocessistodiscoverandchoosewhatismostsuitedtoarriveatourobjectives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bisociations

B.navigations

C.digerati

D.paradigms

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bisociations“異類(lèi)聯(lián)想”；B選項(xiàng)navigations“航行，航?！?；C選項(xiàng)digerati“電腦專(zhuān)家”；D選項(xiàng)paradigms“范例，范式”。句意：生活給我們提供了無(wú)數(shù)的模式，甚至是對(duì)立的模式，而在我們做出決定的過(guò)程中，我們要發(fā)現(xiàn)并選擇最適合我們達(dá)到目標(biāo)的模式。本句表示生活中的范式。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

縱觀國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)大勢(shì)，我國(guó)發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期。我們要準(zhǔn)確判斷重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期內(nèi)涵和條件的變化，全面把握機(jī)遇，沉著應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，贏得主動(dòng)，贏得優(yōu)勢(shì)，贏得未來(lái)，確保到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)成小康社會(huì)的宏偉目標(biāo)。

【答案】AnexaminationofboththecurrentinternationalanddomesticenvironmentsshowsthatChinaremainsinanimportantperiodofstrategicopportunitiesforitsdevelopment,aperiodinwhichmuchcanbeachieved.Weneedtohaveacorrectunderstandingofthechangingnatureandconditionsofthisperiod,seizeallopportunities,respondwithcool-headednesstochallenges,andgaininitiativeandadvantagestowinthefutureandattainthegoalofcompletingthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsby2020.

3.單選題

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduced

B.denounced

C.detached

D.decomposed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論；推斷”;denounce“譴責(zé)；告發(fā)”；detach“分離，派遣”；decompose“分解，腐爛”。根據(jù)badanddampweather“惡劣潮濕天氣”可知plant（植物）容易腐爛，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Mr.Liu,45yearsold,isoneofyourfriendsandhaspassedthePhDentranceexaminationrecently,andyou’vejustgotthisnews.Writetohimaletterofcongratulation.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Startyourletterwith“DearMr.Liu”.DoNOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“ChenLing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

【答案】DearMr.Liu,

IamwritingtooffermysincerecongratulationsonyourpassingthePhDentranceexamination.Iknowyouhavestudiedveryhardthistime,soIamreallygladtoseeyourhardworkpaidoff.Iamsureyourfamilyandfriendsmustbeveryproudofyou.Youshowedmethatageisnotabarriertoadvancement.PassingthePhDentranceexaminationisafreshstartforyou,whichwillbringyouagoodopportunitytolearnfromthetopprofessors.Besides,itisgoodforyoutostudywithsomanyexcellentstudentswhoofcoursewillgiveyouthemotivationtostudyhard.Iwishyougreatersuccessinuniversityandafruitfullifeinthefuture.

Sincerelyyours,

ChenLing

5.單選題

Oneoftheimportantpropertiesofascientifictheoryisitsabilitiesto（）furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stimulate

B.renovate

C.invent

D.advocate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。stimulate“起刺激作用”；renovate“更新；修復(fù)”；invent“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造”；advocate“提倡；擁護(hù)”。“科學(xué)理論的一個(gè)重要特征”與后面的“進(jìn)一步研究”“更深層次的思考”的關(guān)系是前者“促進(jìn)”后者的發(fā)生，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Thewalkersinfrontcrossedtheledgeeasily,seemingly（）ofthefactthattherewasa3000-footdroponeitherside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pretentious

B.remindful

C.attentive

D.oblivious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。pretentious“炫耀的，做作的”;remindful“提醒的，留意的”；attentive“注意的，體貼的”；oblivious“遺忘的；不注意的”。前半句的句意是：前面的人輕松地跨過(guò)了巖架，與后文“巖架兩側(cè)深達(dá)3000英尺”形成對(duì)比，可推測(cè)空格處是要表達(dá)“好像沒(méi)有注意到……”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.

1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled（）.

2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is（）.

4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat（）.

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sI.Q.（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.MeasuringYourIntelligence

B.IntelligenceandEnvironment

C.TheCaseofPeterandMark

D.HowtheBrainInfluencesIntelligence

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably

B.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligence

C.environmentisvitaltodetermineaperson’sintelligence

D.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.85

B.100

C.110

D.125

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel

B.anindividual’sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironment

C.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence

D.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.canbepredictedatbirth

B.staysthesamethroughouthislife

C.canbeincreasedbyeducation

D.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith...Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared（有兩個(gè)因素決定一個(gè)人的智力。首先是他與生俱來(lái)的大腦……所以第二個(gè)因素是個(gè)體發(fā)生了什么——他成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境）可知B選項(xiàng)“智力與環(huán)境”最符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“衡量你的智力”，C選項(xiàng)“彼得和馬克的案例”以及D選項(xiàng)“大腦如何影響智力”都是文章內(nèi)容中的一部分，沒(méi)有概括全文；因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable（但是，無(wú)論一個(gè)人的大腦有多好，如果沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，他的智力水平也會(huì)很低。所以第二個(gè)因素是個(gè)體發(fā)生了什么——他成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境。如果一個(gè)人在環(huán)境上有缺陷，他的大腦很可能無(wú)法發(fā)展，他將永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法達(dá)到他所能達(dá)到的智力水平）以及第二段Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX（環(huán)境在決定個(gè)人智力方面的重要性，可以從同卵雙胞胎彼得x和馬克x的歷史中得到證明）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境對(duì)決定一個(gè)人的智力至關(guān)重要”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)的大腦有很大的不同”和D選項(xiàng)“擁有相同大腦的人會(huì)有大致相同的智力”未在文章內(nèi)提及；雖然文章內(nèi)提到Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith（有兩個(gè)因素決定一個(gè)人的智力。首先是他與生俱來(lái)的大腦）但是并沒(méi)有表達(dá)出B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人天生的大腦在決定他的智力方面很重要”的含義，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother（馬克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分，比他同父異父的哥哥整整高出40分），可知平均水平為100；因此B選項(xiàng)“100”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame（由于同卵，這對(duì)雙胞胎在出生時(shí)就擁有相同的大腦，他們的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程也相同）以及第二段Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother（得是在一個(gè)受教育機(jī)會(huì)很少的與世隔絕的社區(qū)里，由智力低下的父母撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的。馬克是在上過(guò)大學(xué)的富裕家庭長(zhǎng)大的。他還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，就有人給他讀故事，送他去好學(xué)校，給他一切機(jī)會(huì)去激發(fā)他的智力。這種環(huán)境差異一直持續(xù)到雙胞胎十幾歲時(shí)，當(dāng)他們接受智力測(cè)試時(shí)。馬克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分，比他同父異父的哥哥整整高出40分）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“缺乏機(jī)會(huì)阻礙了智力的成長(zhǎng)”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“具有相同大腦的個(gè)體很少接受相同水平的測(cè)試”和D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境的變化產(chǎn)生大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的變化”未在文章內(nèi)提及；根據(jù)第一段第一句Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith（有兩個(gè)因素決定一個(gè)人的智力。首先是他與生俱來(lái)的大腦）可知B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的智力只取決于他所處的環(huán)境”錯(cuò)誤，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn（但是，無(wú)論一個(gè)人的大腦有多好，如果沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，他的智力水平也會(huì)很低。）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“可以通過(guò)教育增加”正確；A選項(xiàng)“在出生時(shí)就可以預(yù)測(cè)”和B選項(xiàng)“在他的一生中保持不變”未在文章內(nèi)提及；根據(jù)第二段所描述的雙胞胎的例子可知D選項(xiàng)“是由他的童年決定的”錯(cuò)誤，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation’sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafe.

Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory.

Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations--arguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducefatalityandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.

PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon’twearseatbeltsanyway,andthatmaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.

AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.

ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentoftransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.

1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout（）.

2.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords“aredivided”inParagraph2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses’“safety”?

4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat（）.

5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.10

B.40

C.30

D.50

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.disagree

B.separate

C.arrange

D.concern

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ANewResearchCouncil

B.TheDepartmentofTransportation

C.TheMedicalOrganizations

D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportation

B.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsidered

C.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakenintoconsideration

D.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildren

B.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBuses

C.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProcedures

D.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段...about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.（……每年約有10名兒童在乘坐大型校車(chē)時(shí)死亡，而在校車(chē)外裝載區(qū)的死亡人數(shù)幾乎是這個(gè)數(shù)字的4倍。），可知B選項(xiàng)“40”正確；A,C,D選項(xiàng)不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字aredivide可以定位到第二段peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強(qiáng)制使用）由安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強(qiáng)制使用人們存在兩種意見(jiàn)，則A選項(xiàng)“不同意；不一致；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”正確；B選項(xiàng)“分開(kāi)的；單獨(dú)的；分離，分開(kāi)；隔開(kāi)；分手；可搭配穿著的單件衣服；抽印本；獨(dú)立音響設(shè)備；土壤劃分”，C選項(xiàng)“安排；排列；整理”以及D選項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心，憂(yōu)慮；關(guān)愛(ài)，關(guān)心；關(guān)心的事，負(fù)責(zé)的事；涉及；使擔(dān)心”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977（反對(duì)系安全帶的人建議說(shuō)，按照1977年國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的安全要求，校車(chē)已經(jīng)很好地保護(hù)了孩子們）可以判斷出D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局”符合題意，最大程度上的校車(chē)安全控制在于國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局所提出的安全要求；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive（一份新的研究委員會(huì)關(guān)于校車(chē)安全的報(bào)告建議，有替代的安全裝置和程序可能更有效和更便宜）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)新的研究委員會(huì)”只是提出建議，不符合題目；B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)輸部”錯(cuò)誤，原文并沒(méi)有提及；根據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（贊成在校車(chē)上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長(zhǎng)和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)”只是贊成在校車(chē)上系上安全帶，不符合題意；因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts（例如，研究委員會(huì)建議，把座椅靠背抬高4英寸可能和安全帶一樣安全）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“可以考慮使用替代安全裝置（將座椅靠背抬高4英寸）”符合題意；據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（贊成在校車(chē)上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長(zhǎng)和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“許多反對(duì)安裝安全帶的人是家長(zhǎng)和交通部的官員”不符合題意；全文只是描述人們對(duì)于校車(chē)安全提出的兩個(gè)不同的建議，并不能看出哪個(gè)建議會(huì)被認(rèn)真考慮，故B選項(xiàng)“校車(chē)系安全帶的建議會(huì)被認(rèn)真考慮”不符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)運(yùn)輸部審查整個(gè)情況，它可能采取安全帶的想法或其他措施”在文章中未提及；因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要就如何讓校車(chē)更安全進(jìn)行探討，再根據(jù)第二段中心句Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（雖然校車(chē)事故的數(shù)量并不多，但兒童的安全一直是公眾高度關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。雖然每個(gè)人都希望看到兒童安全運(yùn)輸，但對(duì)于需要做些什么，人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強(qiáng)制使用）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“讓校車(chē)對(duì)孩子們更安全”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“校車(chē)上需要安全帶”以及C選項(xiàng)“備用安全裝置和程序”都是文章中對(duì)于如何讓校車(chē)對(duì)孩子更安全的觀點(diǎn)提出來(lái)的方法；D選項(xiàng)“校車(chē)內(nèi)外的安全”雖然在文章第一段中提到，但并不是文章主要描寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容，下文并沒(méi)有提及，排除；因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:ItisnotstrangeinrecentyearstohearthatsomestudentsmaykillthemselvesatUniversity.Whatisyouropiniononthosestudentswhocommitsuicideorkillthemselves?WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.Markswillbemainlyawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.Failuretomeettherequirednumberofwordsmayalsoresultinthelossofmarks.

MyViewonCampusSuicideatUniversityYouaretowriteinthreeparts:

Inthefirstpartofyourarticle,youshouldclearlypresentyourview.

Inthesecondpart,youshouldsupportyouropinionwithappropriatedetails.

Inthelastpart,youshouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorsummary.

【答案】MyViewonCampusSuicideatUniversity10.單選題

Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitationfarfrombeingsymptomaticofalackoforiginality,isthestepinlearningtobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.elegant

B.creative

C.confident

D.imaginary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。elegant“高雅的，優(yōu)雅的”；creative“創(chuàng)造性的”；confident“自信的，確信的”；imaginary“虛構(gòu)的”。根據(jù)分析句子可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與originality相似的單詞，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Insociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A.Gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworlditmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromculturesthattreattimedifferently.

【答案】在社交生活中，時(shí)間扮演著重要的角色。在美國(guó)，如果客人在一個(gè)聚會(huì)的前3天或4天才收到邀請(qǐng)，他們就會(huì)覺(jué)得自己沒(méi)有受到高度重視。但并不是所有國(guó)家都這樣。在世界的其他地方，太早和別人約好時(shí)間被認(rèn)為是愚蠢的，因?yàn)槌^(guò)一個(gè)星期的提前預(yù)約很容易被人忘掉。時(shí)間在不同國(guó)家有不同的意義。因此，來(lái)自看待時(shí)間不同的文化的人之間會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤會(huì)。

12.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.runinto

B.answerfor

C.complywith

D.abideby

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。runinto“遭遇，陷入”；answerfor“因……而受罰”；complywith“遵守，照做”；abideby“遵守，信守”。根據(jù)前面的“他沒(méi)有履行合同中的一些條款”可知，他應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolIwantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat’snotwhatIdid.

Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitythatdoesn’tevenofferamajorinelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren'tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.

Iheadedofftocollege,feelingsureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering“factories”wheretheydidn'tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.

NowI’mnotsosure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudentstrytoreconcileengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.

Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon’tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallytheyshapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestruggletoreconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,byinteractingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,engineeringstudentscan（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,asuccessfulengineeringstudentisexpected（）.

3.Theauthorchosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitybecausehe（）.

4.Theauthor’sexperienceshowsthathewas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.becomenobleidealists

B.broadentheirhorizons

C.balanceengineeringandtheliberalarts

D.receiveguidanceintheircareers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tobewiseandmature

B.tobeatechnicalgeniuswithawidevision

C.tohaveanexcellentacademicrecord

D.tobeimaginativewithavaluesystemtoguidehim

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.intendedtobeacombinationofengineerandhumanist

B.wantedtobeanexampleofpracticalityandrationality

C.wantedtocoordinateengineeringwithliberalartscoursesincollege

D.intendedtobeasensiblestudentwithnobleideals

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.irrational

B.creative

C.unrealistic

D.ambitious

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“通過(guò)文科學(xué)生交流，工科學(xué)生能夠怎么樣？”文章第二段提到“我想通過(guò)與那些不學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)或工程的人交流來(lái)擴(kuò)展我的視野”(Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren'tstudyingscienceorengineering)，由此可知選項(xiàng)B“開(kāi)闊眼界”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，一個(gè)成功的工科學(xué)生應(yīng)該怎么樣？”文章第二段講述了作者為什么去一所小的文科學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)工科：希望獲得更靈活的教育；通過(guò)和那些文科生交流拓寬視野，從而成為一個(gè)集技術(shù)天才和敏感的人文主義于一身（Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone），因此，選項(xiàng)B“擁有開(kāi)闊眼界的技術(shù)天才”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者選擇去一所小的文科大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)工程的原因是什么？”文章第三段最后一句話(huà)提到“我要成為一個(gè)完整的工程師：集技術(shù)天才和敏感的人文主義于一身”(Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone),由此可知選項(xiàng)A“想要成為工程師與人文主義者的結(jié)合”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者的經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明他是個(gè)什么樣的人？”文章提到nobleidealscrashedintoreality及therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudent，可以推斷作者選擇去文科學(xué)校學(xué)工科的行為都是理想主義，與現(xiàn)實(shí)不符，因此選項(xiàng)C“不實(shí)際的”符合題意。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,which-includestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromdearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheHawaiiannatives?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

3.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

4.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

5.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

C.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

D.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

B.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.

C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.TheKaLahuigroup.

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheUS

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

B.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

C.theKaLahui

D.peopleofFilipinoorigin

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“worsethan”可以定位到文章第二段第一句TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.（這些島嶼在1898年被美國(guó)吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都過(guò)得更糟糕。），說(shuō)明夏威夷的土著居民和其他民族比起來(lái)生活更糟糕。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們的生活比夏威夷其他民族的生活更糟糕”正確。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“homeless”可以定位到第二段第二句Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless（他們占該州無(wú)家可歸者的60%以上），說(shuō)明超過(guò)60％的夏威夷土著人無(wú)家可歸，但其中并不包括失業(yè)的人數(shù)，所以A選項(xiàng)“他們中有60%的人無(wú)家可歸或失業(yè)”錯(cuò)誤。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“sovereignty”可以定位到第二段最后一句TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.（他們是美國(guó)唯一沒(méi)有某種程度自治權(quán)的主要原住民群體。），指的是主要原住民群體，所以C選項(xiàng)“他們是唯一沒(méi)有主權(quán)的土著群體”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ifespan”可以定位到第二段第二句andtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians（壽命比夏威夷人的平均壽命短5年），指的是比夏威夷人的壽命短，而不是一般的美國(guó)人，所以D選項(xiàng)“他們的壽命比一般美國(guó)人短5年”錯(cuò)誤。

第2題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“JohnWaihee”可以定位到文章第三段，前半部分說(shuō)到asovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee（夏威夷第一任土著州長(zhǎng)約翰?韋希建立的一個(gè)主權(quán)咨詢(xún)委員會(huì)），說(shuō)明JohnWaihee是夏威夷第一任土著州長(zhǎng)，由他成立了主權(quán)咨詢(xún)委員會(huì)，所以B選項(xiàng)“他是夏威夷的第一位土著州長(zhǎng)”和C選項(xiàng)“他成立了一個(gè)主權(quán)咨詢(xún)委員會(huì)”表述正確。后半部分說(shuō)到hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.（建議由夏威夷土著人自己決定是否重新建立一個(gè)擁有主權(quán)的夏威夷國(guó)家，從而極大地推動(dòng)了土著人的事業(yè)。），說(shuō)明JohnWaihee建議由夏威夷土著人自己決定是否建立主權(quán)國(guó)家，所以D選項(xiàng)“他建議土著人自己決定”表述正確。A選項(xiàng)“他正在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)當(dāng)?shù)氐莫?dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)”在文中沒(méi)有提及，因此本題選A。

第3題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)essradical”可以定位到文章第四段第三句ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.（這一立場(chǎng)得到了夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室的支持。OHA成立于1978年，是一個(gè)代表原住民利益的國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為原住民主權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的溫和代言人。），說(shuō)明夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室在主權(quán)問(wèn)題上的態(tài)度是溫和、不激進(jìn)的，題干中的lessradical和原文中的moderate對(duì)應(yīng)。因此C選項(xiàng)“夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室”正確。A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)印第安土著人”，B選項(xiàng)“卡拉會(huì)群體”，D選項(xiàng)“夏威夷土著人”，文中都表明了他們希望享有更大的自治權(quán)，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

第4題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“greaterautonomy”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate（有些人只是想在州內(nèi)享有更大的自治權(quán)），所以A選項(xiàng)“在州內(nèi)享有更大的自治權(quán)”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除A。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.（他們還希望政府接受他們對(duì)66萬(wàn)公頃夏威夷王室土地的所有權(quán)。），所以C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)夏威夷王室土地的所有權(quán)要求”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除C。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“fullindependence”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.（更有野心的是卡拉會(huì)群體，該群體于1987年宣布自己是一個(gè)新國(guó)家，并希望完全、正式地從美國(guó)獨(dú)立出來(lái)。），所以D此處“完全獨(dú)立于美國(guó)”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除D。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二、三、四句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.（他們還希望政府接受他們對(duì)66萬(wàn)公頃夏威夷王