2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)86

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Wetriedtosettletheproblemwiththemassoonaspossible,buttheyseemedto（）sincerity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lackof

B.belackof

C.lackin

D.belackingin

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。seem的用法為“主語(yǔ)+seem+（tobe）+表語(yǔ)”，表語(yǔ)多為名詞或形容詞，有時(shí)是其他的詞或短語(yǔ)，以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)，所以排除A、C選項(xiàng)；lackof“沒(méi)有；不夠；缺乏；不足”，經(jīng)常和for或becauseof連用；lack還可以用“現(xiàn)在分詞”的形式組成一個(gè)慣用句型belackingin來(lái)表示“欠缺、特點(diǎn)等”，該句型中介詞in不可省略。句意：我們?cè)噲D盡快和他們解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但他們似乎缺乏誠(chéng)意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thesealaylikeanunbrokenmirrorallaroundthepine-girl,lonelyshoresofOrr’sIsland.Tall,kinglysprucesworetheirregalcrownsofconeshighinair,sparklingwithdiamondsofclearexudedgum;vastoldhemlocksofprimevalgrowthstooddarklingintheirforestshadows,theirbrancheshungwithlonghoarymoss;whilefeatherylarches,turnedtobrilliantgoldbyautumnfrosts,lightedupthedarkershadowsoftheevergreens.Itwasoneofthosehazy,calm,dissolvingdaysofIndiansummer,wheneverythingissoquietthatthefaintestkissoftheWaveonthebeachcanbeheard,andwhitecloudsseemtofaintintotheblueofthesky,andsoftswathingbandsofvioletvapormakeallearthlookdreamy,andgivetothesharp,clear-cutoutlinesofthenorthernlandscapeallthosemysteriesoflightandshadewhichimpartsuchtendernesstoItalianscenery.

Thefuneralwasover,thetreadofmanyfeet,bearingtheheavyburdenoftwobrokenlives,hadbeentothelonelygraveyard,andhadcomebackagain,eachfootsteplighterandmoreunconstrainedaseachonewenthiswayfromthegreatoldtragedyofDeathtothecommoncheerfulwalksoflife.

Thesolemnblackclockstoodswayingwithitseternal“tick-tock,tick-tock”inthekitchenofthebrownhouseonOrr’sIsland.Therewastherethatsenseofastillnessthatcanbefelt,suchassettlersdownonadwellingwhenanyofitsinmateshavepassedthroughitsdoorforthelasttime,togowhencetheyshallnotreturn.Thebestroomwasshutupanddarkened,withonlysomuchlightascouldfallthroughalittleheart-shapedholeinthewidow-shutter,forexceptonsolemnvisits,orprayer-meetings,orweddings,orfunerals,thatroomformednopartofthedailyfamilyscenery.

Thekitchenwascleanandample,withagreatopenfireplaceandwidestonehearth,andovenononeside,androwsofold-fashionedsplint-bottomedchairsagainstthewall.Atablescouredtosnowywhiteness,andalittlework-standwhereonlaytheBible,theMissionaryHerald,andtheWeeklyChristianMirror,beforenamed,formedtheprincipalfurniture.Onefeature,however,mustnotbeforgotten,agreatsea-chest,whichhadbeenthecompanionofZephaniahthroughallthecountriesoftheearth.Old,andbattered,andunsightlyityetreportsaidthattherewasgoodstorewithinofthatwhichmenforthemostpartrespectmorethananythingelse;andindeed,itprovedoftenwhenadeedofgracewastobedone,whenawomanwassuddenlymadeawidowinacoastgale,orafishing-smackwasrundowninthefrogsoffthebanks,leavinginsomeneighboringcottageafamilyoforphans,inallsuchcases,theopeningthissea-chestwasaneventofgoodomentothebereaved;forZephaniahhadalargeheartandalargehand,andwasapttotakeitoutfullofsilverdollarswhenonceitwentin.SotheArkoftheCovenantcouldnothavebeenlookedonwithmorereverencethantheneighborsusuallyshowedtoCaptainPennell’ssea-chest.

1.ThewriterdescribesOrr’sIslandina（）manner.

2.Accordingtothepassage,the“bestroom”（）

3.Fromthedescriptionofthekitchenwecaninferthatthehousebelongstopeoplewho（）.

4.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

5.FromthedescriptionofZephaniahwecantellthathe（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionallyappealing,imaginative

B.rational,logicallyprecise

C.factuallydetailed,objective

D.vague,uncertain

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasitsmanywindowsboardedup.

B.hashadthefurnitureremoved.

C.isusedonlyonformalandceremoniousoccasions.

D.isthebusiestroominthehouse.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.neverhaveguests

B.likemodernreligious

C.probablyreligious

D.dislikehousework

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.fewpeopleattendedthefuneral

B.fishingisasecurevocation

C.theIslandisdenselypopulated

D.thehousebelongedtothedeceased

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasphysicallyaverybigman.

B.preferredthelonelylifeofasailor.

C.alwaysstayedathome.

D.wasfrugalandsavedalotofmoney.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一段作者在描寫奧爾島及周圍環(huán)境時(shí)，用了大量關(guān)乎情感色彩的形容詞和動(dòng)詞加以述說(shuō)，充分調(diào)動(dòng)讀者的想象，引起感官上的共鳴。A選項(xiàng)“情感上有吸引力，富有想象力”；B選項(xiàng)“理性的，邏輯上精確的”；C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)詳細(xì)的，客觀的”；D選項(xiàng)“模糊不清的”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Thebestroomwasshutupanddarkened,withonlysomuchlightascouldfallthroughalittleheart-shapedholeinthewidow-shutter,forexceptonsolemnvisits,orprayer-meetings,orweddings,orfunerals,thatroomformednopartofthedailyfamilyscenery.（最好的一間屋子關(guān)得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)的，昏暗的，只有從百葉窗上一個(gè)心形的小洞透進(jìn)來(lái)的光線，因?yàn)槌嗽谇f嚴(yán)的拜訪、祈禱會(huì)、婚禮或葬禮上，這間屋子是不構(gòu)成家庭日常生活的一部分的。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“它的許多窗戶都用木板封住了”；B選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)把家具搬走了”以及D選項(xiàng)“是家里最忙的房間”都不正確，C選項(xiàng)“只在正式和隆重的場(chǎng)合使用”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Atablescouredtosnowywhiteness,andalittlework-standwhereonlaytheBible,theMissionaryHerald,andtheWeeklyChristianMirror,beforenamed,formedtheprincipalfurniture.（一張擦得雪白的桌子，一個(gè)小針線架，上面放著事先提到的《圣經(jīng)》《傳教士傳令報(bào)》和《基督教鏡報(bào)》，構(gòu)成了這里的主要陳設(shè)。）”，由此可推斷出房子的主人可能是位宗教信徒。A選項(xiàng)“很少有客人”；B選項(xiàng)“喜歡現(xiàn)代宗教”；D選項(xiàng)“不喜歡做家務(wù)”說(shuō)法都不夠確切，C選項(xiàng)“可能是宗教信徒”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。聯(lián)系全文，隨處可見(jiàn)筆墨眾多的環(huán)境靜態(tài)描寫，而描寫房子時(shí)并未提到有人物活動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)描寫。因此可推斷出該房子是死者的。A選項(xiàng)“很少有人參加葬禮”；B選項(xiàng)“捕魚是一份有保障的職業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)島人口密集”都不準(zhǔn)確，只有D選項(xiàng)“該房子屬于死者”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Onefeature,however,mustnotbeforgotten,agreatsea-chest,whichhadbeenthecompanionofZephaniahthroughallthecountriesoftheearth.（然而，有一件事不能忘記，那就是一個(gè)航海用的大箱子，這是西番雅周游世界的伙伴。）”，由此可推斷出Zephaniah可能是個(gè)水手，且游歷全球時(shí)只有一個(gè)從海底撈起來(lái)的箱子做伴，略顯孤獨(dú)。A選項(xiàng)“他身材魁梧”；C選項(xiàng)“總是待在家里”；D選項(xiàng)“他很節(jié)儉，省了很多錢”說(shuō)法都不準(zhǔn)確，B選項(xiàng)“寧愿過(guò)水手的孤獨(dú)生活”準(zhǔn)確，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

America’sCongresspassedahousingbillthatincludesmeasurestoshoreupFannieMaeandFreddieMac,twotroubledmortgagegiants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.censure

B.imprecate

C.upbraid

D.bolster

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)censure“嚴(yán)厲斥責(zé)，正式譴責(zé)”；B選項(xiàng)imprecate“詛咒；祈求”；C選項(xiàng)upbraid“責(zé)罵；訓(xùn)斥”；D選項(xiàng)bolster“支持，支撐；給（座位）加軟墊；改善，鞏固；增強(qiáng)，激勵(lì)”。句意：美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)住房法案，其中包括支持房利美和房地美這兩個(gè)陷入困境的抵押貸款巨頭的措施。shoreup“支持，支撐；加固”。D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Yourattitudeshouldbethatofanemployeewho’stheretotalkaboutanewproject,ratherthanthemoreobsequiousattitudeofacandidatewho’shopingtogetanoffer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aggressive

B.servile

C.humble

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有進(jìn)取心的，有闖勁的”；B選項(xiàng)servile“奴隸的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，簡(jiǎn)陋的，（級(jí)別或地位）低下的，不大的”；D選項(xiàng)confident“自信的，確信的”。句意：你的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是作為一名正在談?wù)撔马?xiàng)目的員工，而不是一名希望得到工作機(jī)會(huì)的求職者的奉承態(tài)度。Obsequious“諂媚的，奉承的，順從的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ifshemarrieshim,hewillcertainly（）herforadance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lead

B.offer

C.give

D.invite

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lead“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；致使；引導(dǎo)；指揮”；B選項(xiàng)offer“提供；出價(jià)；試圖”；C選項(xiàng)give“給；產(chǎn)生；讓步；舉辦；授予”；D選項(xiàng)invite“邀請(qǐng)；招待；誠(chéng)邀；約請(qǐng)”。句意：如果她嫁給他，他當(dāng)然會(huì)邀請(qǐng)她跳支舞。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

AftertheDemocraticshellackinginthemidtermelection,everyonewonderedhowPresidentObamawouldrespond.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fanfare

B.fiasco

C.facade

D.fantasy

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fanfare“（儀式上慶祝或歡迎重要人物到場(chǎng)時(shí)）號(hào)角齊鳴，嘹亮短曲；大張旗鼓宣揚(yáng)，熱議”；B選項(xiàng)fiasco“慘??；大慘敗；泥鴿靶”；C選項(xiàng)facade“正面；表面；外觀”；D選項(xiàng)fantasy“幻想；白日夢(mèng)；幻覺(jué)”。句意：民主黨在中期選舉中落敗后，每個(gè)人都想知道奧巴馬總統(tǒng)會(huì)作何反應(yīng)。shellacking“毆打；徹底擊敗”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Corporationsasagroupofferavarietyofjobs.Mostlargecompaniessendpeopletocollegestocollegestointerviewgraduatingstudentswiththerequiredacademictraining.Alargeuniversitymayhavemorethan500companiesayearknockingonitsdoors.Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.

Corporations,however,illustratetherulethatthebiggestisn’talwaysthebest.Manysmallfirmswithjustafewhundredemployeeshavepositionsthatmaycorrespondwithyourprofessiongoals,too.Suchfirmsmaynothavethetime,money,orneedtosendpeoplearoundtoyourcollege;you’llprobablyhavetocontactthemyourselfeitherdirectlyorthroughanemploymentagency.Don’tignoretheselittlecompanies.Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.

Forexample,asmallcompanymayneedabrightengineering,accountingormanagementgraduatewhowouldreportdirectlytotheseniorvice-presidentofengineering,thecompanycontroller,orthegeneralmanager.Inlargerfirmsitmaytakeyearstoreachlevelandaccumulatesimilarin-depthexperience.Inaddition,responsibilitiesmaycomefasterinasmallfirmwithlessspecializationandfewerlower-levelemployeestoreceivedelegatedauthority.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoflargecorporations?

3.Theword“Their”(paragraph2,line6)refersto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofsmallfirm?

5.Withwhomisthepassagemostprobablyconcerned?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.todefinecorporationsandfirms

B.toshowtherelationbetweenfirmsandcolleges

C.toinformthejob-seekeroftheemploymentrequirements

D.togiveadescriptionofcorporationsforcollegestudents

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyonlyemploycollegegraduates.

B.Theycanoffermanyjobopportunities.

C.Theyhavemanysub-companiesnationwide.

D.Theirrequirementsareverycompetitive.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.corporations’

B.graduatingstudents’

C.smallfirms’

D.employers’

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaybeunnecessaryforthemtosendpeopletocolleges.

B.Theiremployeesmaybepromotedmorequickly.

C.Theymayofferpositionswhichyoudemand.

D.Theycannotaffordtosendpeopletocollege.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Students

B.Employers

C.Employees

D.Engineers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開(kāi)篇為我們介紹corporations的一些特點(diǎn)：corporations提供各種類型的工作；平均每年有超過(guò)500家corporations會(huì)派面試人員去高校找尋合適的高校畢業(yè)人才；大公司有相對(duì)完善的職工培訓(xùn)和退休機(jī)制，每年的年產(chǎn)值能創(chuàng)造出上千個(gè)工作崗位。接下來(lái)說(shuō)明大企業(yè)也有一些缺陷，這些缺陷正是小公司的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在，為此作者還詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了這些優(yōu)勢(shì)的具體表現(xiàn)。文章最后舉例說(shuō)明與大企業(yè)相比較，小公司對(duì)畢業(yè)生而言的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文通過(guò)比較論證讓我們更加清楚什么是corporation。A選項(xiàng)“定義corporations和firms”；B選項(xiàng)“展示公司和大學(xué)之間的關(guān)系”；C選項(xiàng)“告知求職者有關(guān)的就業(yè)要求”都不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)“為大學(xué)生描述公司”正確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第一段“Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.（大公司是最適合工作的地方，因?yàn)樗鼈兊恼Ｔ鲩L(zhǎng)、員工退休和人員流動(dòng)每年在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)創(chuàng)造了成千上萬(wàn)的工作機(jī)會(huì)。）”可知大企業(yè)工作機(jī)會(huì)很多。A選項(xiàng)“他們只雇傭大學(xué)畢業(yè)生”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“他們可以提供很多工作機(jī)會(huì)”正確；C選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谌珖?guó)有很多子公司”和D選項(xiàng)“他們的職位需求很有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”文中沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第五句話“Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.（他們的薪水通常很有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，晉升和認(rèn)可的機(jī)會(huì)甚至比大公司還要大。）”。由此可知這里是拿大公司的薪水與小公司的薪水相比。A選項(xiàng)“公司的”；B選項(xiàng)“畢業(yè)生的”；D選項(xiàng)“老板的”都不符合題意，C選項(xiàng)“小公司的”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.（你可以成為一個(gè)小池塘里的大魚，比你爬上一個(gè)公司巨頭競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最激烈的階梯更快地到達(dá)另一個(gè)高層位置。）”可知小公司提供的職位比你想要的還高。A選項(xiàng)“他們可能沒(méi)有必要送人上大學(xué)”；B選項(xiàng)“他們的員工可能會(huì)升職更快”；D選項(xiàng)“他們供不起員工上大學(xué)”文章都有提到，C選項(xiàng)“他們可能提供你需要的職位”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。從文中第一段說(shuō)很多大企業(yè)去校園進(jìn)行招聘并述說(shuō)了你在大或者小企業(yè)里各自所獲他們各自的工作優(yōu)勢(shì)，可知本文是想給那些學(xué)生尤其是即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生介紹一些有關(guān)大企業(yè)和小公司的特點(diǎn)，為他們就業(yè)提供更多參考。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生”；B選項(xiàng)“雇主”；C選項(xiàng)“員工”；D選項(xiàng)“工程師”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Gethimtosignthecontractbeforehehassecond（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.idea

B.ideas

C.thought

D.thoughts

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。secondthought“（單數(shù)）重新考慮”；secondthoughts“（復(fù)數(shù)）反復(fù)考慮”。句意：在他猶豫之前讓他簽合同。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

WhenyourpersonalwealthisgreaterthanthegrossdomesticproductofSlovakia,findinganincentivetogetoutofbedonachillyMondaymorninginSeattleisnevergoingtobeeasy.

Soit’sperhapsnogreatsurprisethatBillGates,theworld’srichestman,hasdecidedtowalkawayfromhisday-to-dayinvolvementwithMicrosoft,thebehemothheco-foundedmorethan30yearsago.

Insteadoffrettingaboutcomputercodes,the50-year-oldwillusehisobsessiveattentiontodetailtooverseehowtheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationspendsitsassetsof￡16billion.

Inabandoninghiscareeronthecuspofmiddleageanddevotingtherestofhislifetocharitablecauses,Gates—whoisworthabout￡27billionisfollowingawell-troddenpath.

Eversincetheindustrialrevolution,wealthyself-madebusinessmenandwomenhavefeltacallingtocreatealegacythatgoesbeyondaprofitandlosssheet.

【答案】當(dāng)你的個(gè)人財(cái)富超過(guò)斯洛伐克的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值時(shí)，要想找出周一早上頂著西雅圖的寒冷徹骨也要起床上班的動(dòng)力，就實(shí)在不那么容易了。

因此，世界首富比爾?蓋茨（BillGates）決定不再參與30多年前他與人共同創(chuàng)辦的軟件巨頭——微軟的日常工作，也就不足為奇了。

現(xiàn)年50歲的蓋茨決定不再與軟件代碼這一類事務(wù)打交道，轉(zhuǎn)而專心致志于比爾和梅琳達(dá)?蓋茨基金會(huì)如何花費(fèi)了160億英鎊這一細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題上。

身價(jià)270億英鎊的蓋茨在中年之際放棄了自己的事業(yè)，將余生獻(xiàn)給了慈善事業(yè)。

自工業(yè)革命以來(lái)，白手起家的富有商人們就感受到了超越追求財(cái)產(chǎn)損益表力量的召喚。

10.單選題

Insomecountriespreschooleducationinnurseryschoolsorkindergartens（）the1stgrade.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.leads

B.forwards

C.precedes

D.advances

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)leads“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；通往；指引”；B選項(xiàng)forwards“向前地；按順序地；邁向成功；進(jìn)入顯著的位置；向?qū)?lái)；提前”；C選項(xiàng)precedes“領(lǐng)先，在……之前；優(yōu)于，高于；領(lǐng)先，在前面”；D選項(xiàng)advances“提出；使前進(jìn)；提前”。句意：在一些國(guó)家，幼兒園或幼兒園的學(xué)前教育先于一年級(jí)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Insomeculturestheessenceofmagicisitstraditionalintegrity;itcanbeefficientonlyifithasbeen（）withoutlossfromprimevaltimestothepresentpractitioner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conventionalized

B.manipulated

C.transmitted

D.aggrandized

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conventionalized“使習(xí)俗化；使樣式化”；B選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”；C選項(xiàng)transmitted“傳輸；傳送”；D選項(xiàng)aggrandize“增加；夸大；強(qiáng)化”。句意：在一些文化中，魔術(shù)的精華是它傳統(tǒng)的完整性；只有當(dāng)它從古代到今天都完整地傳遞下來(lái)時(shí)它才有效果。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Theargumentwassimultaneouslyapolicydebateandanextendedexegesisofacrucialphraseina1986federallawthatregulatesthehiringprocedures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exportation

B.expulsion

C.explication

D.expiation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exportation“出口；輸出；出口貨”；B選項(xiàng)expulsion“逐出；開(kāi)除；除籍”；C選項(xiàng)explication“說(shuō)明；闡明；展開(kāi)”；D選項(xiàng)expiation“補(bǔ)償；贖罪；抵罪”。句意：這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論同時(shí)是一場(chǎng)政策辯論，也是對(duì)1986年一項(xiàng)管理招聘程序的聯(lián)邦法律中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)的延伸注釋。exegesis“注釋，解釋”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Takingalow-doseaspirineverydaywillreduceyourchancesofdyingfromcancer,scientistssaytoday,confirmingtheover-the-counterpillsasthemostextraordinarydrugyetdiscovered.

Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.ThestudypublictodayintheLancetmedicaljournalrevealsthatitalsohasapowerfulpreventiveactionagainstarangeofcancersandpossiblymoreofthemthanthereiscurrentlyenoughevidencetoprove.

Whilethedoctorswhocarriedoutthestudysayitisnotforthemtomakerecommendations,theleadauthor,46-year-oldProfPeterRothwellfromOxfordUniversity,sayshehasbeentakingaspirinforthelasttwoyears.Thebeneficialdoseis75mg-aquarterofastandardtablet,whichis300mg.Somepharmaciesselllow-dosetablets,butatahigherprice.

Rothwellandhiscolleagueshavealreadyshownthatdailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.Forthestudypublishedtoday,theyexaminedallthedatatheycouldfindfromwell-conductedtrialsthathadassessedtheuseofaspirinagainstacontroldrugandhadrecordeddeathsfromcancer.

Ineighttrialsinvolvingmorethan25,000patients,theyfoundtherewere21%fewerdeathsafterfiveyearsamongthosewhotookadailyaspirintablet,comparedwiththosewhodidnot.Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.

Patientsinaspirintrials20yearsagowerestill20%lesslikelytodieofasolidtumorand35%lesslikelytodieofgastrointestinalcancer.

Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirinseemedtokickinforpancreatic,brain,esophagealandlungcancer(generallynotthesorttriggeredbysmoking)afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.After20years,theriskofdeathfromprostatecancerwasreducedby10%,forlungcancerby30%,forcolorectalcancerby40%andforesophagealcancerby60%.

Thescientistsbelievebenefitsmaybeevengreaterthantheycouldestablish.

Theimpactonpancreas,stomachandbraincancerswasdifficulttoquantifyexactlybecauseofsmallernumbersofdeaths,theysay.Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.

Thoseinthetrialstookaspirinforonlyfourtoeightyears.Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.

Rothwellandcolleaguesbelievetheirfindingsshouldtipthebalanceofrisk/benefitinfavourofdailyaspirindosing.Whilemillionsofpeoplestartedtakingthetabletsafterevidencethatitcuttheirchancesofheartattacksandstroke,therehasbeensomethingofamedicalback-pedaling,becauseaspirincancausestomachbleeding.

1.Over-the-counterpillsrefertodrugsthatcanbeobtained（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Theeffectofadailyaspirintabletwasmostnoticeablein（）.

4.Howmanyyearsdidthosepatientstakeaspirinsintheeighttrials?

5.Forcolorectalcancer,theeffectsoftheaspirinwereseenafter（）years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withinthetouchofthecustomersontheshelf

B.withoutaprescriptionfromthedoctor

C.bywayofnotpayingtoomuchmoney

D.underthecoverageofmedicalinsurance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.

B.Aspirinhasaneffectinbreastandovariancancers.

C.Theriskofcancersteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.

D.Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.gastrointestinalcancers

B.esophagealcancers

C.lungcancers

D.pancreaticcancers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.fourtoeightyears

B.threetosevenyears

C.sixtoeightyears

D.fivetoeightyears

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.15

B.5

C.10

D.20

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中提到的over-the-counter(OTC)即我們常說(shuō)的非處方藥，是指為方便公眾用藥，在保證用藥安全的前提下，經(jīng)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生行政部門規(guī)定或?qū)彾ê?，不需要醫(yī)師或其他醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員開(kāi)寫處方即可購(gòu)買的藥品，一般公眾憑自我判斷，按照藥品標(biāo)簽及使用說(shuō)明就可自行使用。A選項(xiàng)“在貨架上的顧客接觸范圍內(nèi)”說(shuō)法太寬泛；B選項(xiàng)“不需要醫(yī)生的處方”說(shuō)法正確；C選項(xiàng)“不用付太多錢”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“在醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)范圍內(nèi)”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.（每天服用阿司匹林可以將結(jié)直腸癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上）”；第九段“Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.（這可能對(duì)乳腺癌和卵巢癌有影響，但沒(méi)有足夠的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)證明這一點(diǎn)。）”；第十段“Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.（羅思韋爾認(rèn)為，如果人們從45歲或50歲左右開(kāi)始服用阿司匹林20-30年，他們可能會(huì)大幅降低患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)而穩(wěn)步增加。）”以及第二段“Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.（每天服用阿司匹林已經(jīng)被證明可以降低心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。）”。由此可知A選項(xiàng)“每天服用阿司匹林可以將結(jié)直腸癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上?！保籆選項(xiàng)“隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)，患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)穩(wěn)步增加?！币约癉選項(xiàng)“每天服用阿司匹林已經(jīng)被證明可以降低心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！闭f(shuō)法都正確，只有B選項(xiàng)“阿司匹林對(duì)乳腺癌和卵巢癌有療效。”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，因此該題B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.（這種效果在胃腸道癌癥中最為明顯，死亡率下降了54%。）”。由此可知A選項(xiàng)“胃腸道癌癥”正確；B選項(xiàng)“食管癌”；C選項(xiàng)“肺癌”；D選項(xiàng)“胰腺癌”均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirin...afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在患者服用阿司匹林5年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后，阿司匹林的效果似乎對(duì)……更有效）”，由此可知年限的最低值需大于或等于5年的基礎(chǔ)之上，A選項(xiàng)“4到8年”；B選項(xiàng)“3到7年”；C選項(xiàng)“6到8年”都不符合該基礎(chǔ)，D選項(xiàng)“5到8年”更準(zhǔn)確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.（對(duì)于胃癌和結(jié)腸直腸癌，效果是在10年后看到的，而對(duì)于前列腺癌則是在15年后看到的。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould（）themostoftheopportunitiesathand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obtain

B.grasp

C.catch

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obtain“獲得；流行”；B選項(xiàng)grasp“抓牢，握緊；試圖抓??；理解，領(lǐng)悟；毫不猶豫地抓?。C(jī)會(huì)）”；C選項(xiàng)catch“趕上；抓?。桓腥?；了解”；D選項(xiàng)make“使得；進(jìn)行；布置，準(zhǔn)備，整理；制造；認(rèn)為；獲得；形成；安排；引起”。seize/grasp/grab/taketheopportunity“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”，句中的themostof修飾theopportunities，可視為shouldgrasp(themostof)theopportunities。句意：為了項(xiàng)目的成功，公司應(yīng)該抓住大部分到手的機(jī)會(huì)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggishnationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Firstandforemost,theWestshouldrelearnthevirtueofpragmatism.Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnatingundertheirownpolitico-economicideologies—MarxisminChina,NehruviansocialisminIndiarespectively.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,neitherChinanorIndiathrewtheproverbialbabyoutwiththebathwater—instead,theybalancedcapitalismwithjudiciousgovernmentdirection.

ContrastthislevelheadedmiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways—andwhoseutterlackofpragmatismhelpedprecipitatetheglobalfinancialcrisis.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyinfatuatedwiththeideologyofunfetteredfreemarketsanddismissiveoftheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sdictumthat“government”isnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”

Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap;thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.

JustasAmericansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlyraisetaxes,theEuropeansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlycutexpenditures—achallengethatAsianeconomiesweretaughttosurmountbytheirownpastcrises.

【答案】西方那些負(fù)債累累、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的國(guó)家應(yīng)該向蒸蒸日上的亞洲學(xué)習(xí)些什么？

第一點(diǎn)也是最重要的一點(diǎn)，西方應(yīng)當(dāng)重新認(rèn)識(shí)實(shí)用主義的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。幾十年前，亞洲的兩大巨頭在各自錯(cuò)誤的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)意識(shí)形態(tài)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，均出現(xiàn)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r：即馬克思主義的中國(guó)化和尼赫魯在印度推行社會(huì)主義制度。

然而，自從中國(guó)20世紀(jì)80年代迎來(lái)自由市場(chǎng)的改革，緊接著是印度在20世紀(jì)90年代的改革，這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。重要的是，當(dāng)他們打開(kāi)國(guó)門，開(kāi)始拓展本國(guó)市場(chǎng)，中國(guó)和印度并未把有口皆碑尚在襁褓中發(fā)育的嬰兒與其洗澡水一同扔掉，而是讓資本主義道路與政府所指引的發(fā)展道路相得益彰，得以均衡發(fā)展。

與這種冷靜明智的中間道路形成對(duì)比的是美國(guó)和歐洲，它們都過(guò)度受制于自己的意識(shí)形態(tài)，這種完全缺乏實(shí)用主義的情況是導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)長(zhǎng)期化的一個(gè)因素。自20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，美國(guó)越來(lái)越被不受任何干預(yù)的自由市場(chǎng)的意識(shí)形態(tài)沖昏頭腦，對(duì)政府干預(yù)持排斥立場(chǎng)。正如羅納德?里根所言“政府并不是解決問(wèn)題的途徑；政府本身才是問(wèn)題所在?！?/p>

與此同時(shí)，歐洲已經(jīng)陷入另一種意識(shí)形態(tài)之中而不可自拔：他們相信歐洲政府總是有無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的資源，可以不斷地去借貸，仿佛沒(méi)有未來(lái)一樣。

正如美國(guó)人需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地增稅一樣，歐洲人也需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地削減開(kāi)支——這一舉措可以讓亞洲國(guó)家學(xué)會(huì)如何克服過(guò)去自身的危機(jī)，取得成就。

16.單選題

Histrialisfixedfornextweek,buthehasbeenallowedouton（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.parole

B.leave

C.bail

D.perjury

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)onparole“被假釋；假釋”；B選項(xiàng)onleave“休假；在休假中；放假”；C選項(xiàng)onbail“保釋；保釋中”；D選項(xiàng)perjury“偽證；偽證罪；背信棄義”，沒(méi)有onperjury這個(gè)說(shuō)法。bail與parole的區(qū)別：在歐美，被告如果沒(méi)有逃亡或串供之虞，法官常常裁定保釋，類似于我國(guó)的取保候?qū)?；假釋是指已?jīng)在服刑的犯人，如果服完了最低刑期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時(shí)在獄中表現(xiàn)良好，經(jīng)假釋審查委員會(huì)評(píng)估通過(guò)，就可以提早出獄。句意：他的審判定在下周，但他已獲準(zhǔn)保釋。

17.單選題

Thisyearisa（）yearforme,forIboughtmyownhousesuccessfully

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.taut

B.tawny

C.banner

D.bumper

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)taut“拉緊的，緊張的，整潔的”；B選項(xiàng)tawny“黃褐色的，茶色的”；C選項(xiàng)banner“旗幟，橫幅，標(biāo)語(yǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)bumper“豐盛的，巨大的，首尾相接的”。句意：今年對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是豐收的一年，因?yàn)槲页晒Φ貫樽约嘿I了房子。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-day’sflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.

Chile,therefore,ishavingtofighthardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcoininghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.Butitissucceeding,notonlyinexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWestern.Europebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.

LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.

Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChile’stouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyearThestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworld-widecampaign,takingpartintradefairs,andinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.

Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararegenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.

ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour’sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialistvisitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion’srivers.

However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.

AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile’stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUnitedStatesandEurope,whileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile’sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.

Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.

ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettlementsontheiceandmanypeopleseethedecisiontoallowtouriststhere