2022年考研考博-考博英語-西北工業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)46

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西北工業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Andthetopic“fat”isforbidden.Eventheslightestpaunchbetraysthatoneislosingthetrimand（

）ofyouth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vague

B.vigor

C.vogue

D.vulgar

【答案】B

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。vague“模糊的；含糊的”，形容詞；vigor“活力；精力”，名詞；vogue“時(shí)尚；流行”，名詞；vulgar“粗俗的；通俗的”，形容詞。句意：“肥胖”的話題被禁止了。即使是稍微隆起的小肚子都暴露出他正失去青春活力。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的重要性

現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起也許要追溯到羅杰·培根的時(shí)代。羅杰·培根是牛津杰出的僧侶和哲學(xué)家。他出生于1214年，死于1292年。他可能是中世紀(jì)第一個(gè)提出我們必須通過對(duì)周圍事物進(jìn)行觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的人，他自己也有許多卓越的發(fā)現(xiàn)。然而，生活在三百多年之后的伽利略（1564-1642），卻是好幾個(gè)偉大人物中最偉大的一個(gè)，這些人在意大利、法國、德國和英國開始逐步使人們看到許多重要的真理是可以通過掌握得當(dāng)?shù)挠^察去發(fā)現(xiàn)的。在伽利略之前，學(xué)者們相信大的物體掉到地面比小的物體要快，因?yàn)閬喞锸慷嗟率沁@樣說的?？墒琴だ缘巧媳人_斜塔的頂端，讓兩個(gè)體積不相等的鐵球同時(shí)落地，從而向一些他帶去觀看實(shí)驗(yàn)的朋友們證明，亞里士多德錯(cuò)了。正是伽利略的這種直接到大自然中去通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明我們的判斷和理論的精神，導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【答案】TheImportanceofScientificExperiments

TheriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsdatebacktothetimeofRogerBacon,theoutstandingmonkandphilosopherofOxford,whowasbornon1241,anddiedon1292.Hewasprobablythemanwhofirstlyproposedthatwemuststudysciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthesurroundingthings,andmademanyremarkablediscoverieshimself.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen.Theyshowedpeoplehowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbywell-directedobservationinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland.BeforethetimeofGalileo,scholarsbelievedthatlargeobjectsfalltothegroundfasterthansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.GoingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,Galileoletfalltwounequalironballsatthesametime,andprovedtothosewhomhehadbroughttheretoseehisexperimentthatAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo’sspiritofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingouropinionsandtheoriesthroughexperiments,thatledtothegreatdiscoveriesofmodernsociety.

3.單選題

Thepalmtreelookedasifit（

）foralongtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Asif引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣的句子。主語的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，因此虛擬語氣的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

AlthoughGuthmanwasa（

）ofseveralcampaigns,hehadneverseenactiononthefrontlines.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.veteran

B.volunteer

C.victim

D.villain

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。veteran“老兵；富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人”；volunteer“志愿者；志愿兵”；victim“受害人；犧牲者”；villain“壞人；罪犯”。句意：盡管古斯曼是參加過幾場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役的老兵，但是她從來沒有見過前線的場(chǎng)景。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revealed

B.disposed

C.reminded

D.distributed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他注意到瓊在仔細(xì)打量他，但她的表情絲毫沒有……她在想什么。reveal“顯示，透露”；dispose“處理，安排”；remind“提醒，使想起”；distribute“分配”。根據(jù)“herexpression”和“whatshewasthinking”之間的關(guān)系可以推測(cè)出劃線單詞的意思是“透露”，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression;becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveaN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute（

）.

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree

（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat

（

）.

5.Whatkindofpeoplearerareaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.iswidelyheldbutwrongconcept

B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice

C.istherootofallmentaldistress

D.willcontributetoone’sself-fulfillment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblems

B.doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments

C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak

D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths

B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife

C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile

D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife

B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife

C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances

D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.

B.Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.

C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.

D.s.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在傳統(tǒng)概念中，智力是根據(jù)人的讀、寫和計(jì)算能力來衡量的，作者對(duì)此的看法是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能讓一些流行的錯(cuò)誤觀念結(jié)束”（Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth），接著作者又提到位于這些錯(cuò)誤觀念之首的便是智力的詮釋。因此，在作者看來，認(rèn)為“智力是根據(jù)人的讀寫和計(jì)算能力來衡量”是錯(cuò)誤的，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章中暗示擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位意味著什么？”文章第一段提到“我們開始相信一個(gè)擁有教育榮譽(yù)徽章并且擅長某一學(xué)科的人是有‘智力’的。然而精神病院很多病人擁有所有形式的證書”（Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates），由此可知，學(xué)歷并不代表智力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為擁有智力的人知道什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快樂，如果你每時(shí)每刻都為值得的一切生活，那么你就是一個(gè)有智力的人”（Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson），所以在作者看來，有智力的人知道怎樣讓自己的人生有價(jià)值，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者在最后一段告訴了我們什么？”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我們每個(gè)人都要為生存而斗爭，這都是一樣的。每個(gè)人都與他相關(guān)聯(lián)的人有著相似的困難”（Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties），說明每個(gè)人在生活中都會(huì)遇上困難，但這只是生活的一部分，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“由文章可知哪種人很少見？”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“坦誠問題是生活狀況的一部分，并且不以‘沒有問題’作為衡量快樂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人是有智力的人，但是這種人很稀少”（Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare），因此選項(xiàng)B“意識(shí)到生活中的困難，但是知道如何避免不快樂的人”符合題意。

7.單選題

（

）themostofanyadvicewhichyoucangetfromtheinterviewerandfollowupsuggestionsforimprovingyourpresentationandqualifications.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Take

B.Keep

C.Have

D.Make

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。makethemostof“最大限度地利用”。句意：最大限度地利用并且聽從面試官給的建議來提高你的陳述方式和素養(yǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語是“alltheflights”，句子主語是“we”，一個(gè)句子中不能有兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，因此選項(xiàng)A、B可以排除；flights與cancel是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand（

）hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。transform“改變，使……變形”；transport“運(yùn)輸；流放;使狂喜"；transplant“移植；移栽；使移居”；transcend“勝過，超越”。句意：布萊克太太發(fā)現(xiàn)只要她一彈鋼琴，自己就會(huì)被這架有魔法的鋼琴從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界帶入到自己的仙境。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thus,amostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime.

Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-day“outlook”whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms.

Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.

1.OnecharacteristicofweathermapsNOTmentionedbytheauthorinthispassageis（

）.

2.The30-dayforecastisdeterminedbyexamining

（

）.

3.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecauseit

（

）.

4.Atthepresenttime,experimentsarebeingconductedin（

）.

5.Aweathermapissynopticbecauseit（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fronts

B.changesintemperature

C.frost

D.windspeed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.dailyweathermaps

B.upperairlevels

C.satellitereports

D.changingfronts

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ismodernandprofitableforthecompaniesinvolved

B.useselectronicinstrumentstomeasuretheweatheronadailybasis

C.enablesmantoeasilyaltertheweathertohisadvantageandprofit

D.givesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwise

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.manipulatingweather

B.determiningdensityofpressuregroups

C.satellites

D.controllingstorms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.summarizesagreatdealofinformation

B.appearsdaily

C.showschangingfronts

D.canbeinterpretedaccurately

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“以下選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)沒在文章中被提到？”文章第一段提到“天氣預(yù)報(bào)員可以確定氣團(tuán)和氣鋒……”（Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts...）；文章第二段提到“美國國家氣象局通常發(fā)布有關(guān)即將到來的暴風(fēng)雨、洪水、霜凍、干旱和所有氣候情況的信息”（heUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral），由此可知，只有選項(xiàng)B沒有被提及，符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“30天的預(yù)報(bào)是由什么決定的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到“這三十天的天氣預(yù)報(bào)建立在對(duì)上層空氣分析的基礎(chǔ)上，而上層空氣經(jīng)常為氣團(tuán)、氣鋒和暴風(fēng)雨的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件”（These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“上層空氣”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“衛(wèi)星來觀測(cè)天氣的優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么？”文章最后一段提到“通過電子儀器和地球衛(wèi)星，人們近年來在識(shí)別和跟蹤僅有少量氣象站的地區(qū)的暴風(fēng)雨方面取得了很大的收獲”（Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations），選項(xiàng)D“提供給科學(xué)家們?cè)谄渌矫娌蝗菀撰@得的信息”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“實(shí)驗(yàn)正在哪些方面操作？”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“大量實(shí)驗(yàn)正在為了氣象改造而被進(jìn)行著”（Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies），因此選項(xiàng)A“操縱天氣”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為什么說氣象圖是氣象學(xué)？”文章第二段提到“氣象圖包含著大量關(guān)于天氣情況的信息，這些天氣情況在觀察時(shí)間存在于一個(gè)大的地理區(qū)域上”（Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea），選項(xiàng)A“包含很多信息”符合題意。

11.單選題

Scientificintegrityisasmuchamatterofself-interestasitisof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.self-esteem

B.self-deceiving

C.selfishness

D.self-improvement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。self-esteem“自尊；自負(fù)；自大”；self-deceiving“自欺的”；selfishness“自私自利”；self-improvement“自我改善；自我修養(yǎng)”。句意：科學(xué)誠信有關(guān)尊嚴(yán)，更是與自身利益有關(guān)的事情。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain'sneural（神經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（

）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom

（

）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject.

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogicalstep-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It'sbreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It'smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后兩句話提到“盡管電腦很有用，但是它們還不能像早期期待那樣擁有像人類一樣的行為。更不用說像談話這樣復(fù)雜的行為：最厲害的計(jì)算機(jī)也很難分辨出圖形，而這還只是一個(gè)十個(gè)月大的人類嬰兒就能做到的事情”（Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid），由此可知電腦并不會(huì)談話，選項(xiàng)D“不能用語言與人類進(jìn)行交流”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段最后兩句話提到“康納德認(rèn)為許多大腦的能力源自于每個(gè)腦細(xì)胞的單個(gè)分子的模式識(shí)別能力。制作人工智能設(shè)備最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技術(shù)”（Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“認(rèn)為人工智能不能用一步一步的邏輯來復(fù)制”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段最后兩句話提到“康納德認(rèn)為許多大腦的能力源自于每個(gè)腦細(xì)胞的單個(gè)分子的模式識(shí)別能力。制作人工智能設(shè)備最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技術(shù)”（Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“發(fā)現(xiàn)智力在本質(zhì)上是怎么形成的”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段最后一句話提到“早期努力的結(jié)果即充滿希望又很奇特，以自然人工智能為基礎(chǔ)的研究發(fā)展雖然緩慢，但卻成為該領(lǐng)域的前沿”（Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield），由此可知，新人工智能的前景不明確，但是依舊是前沿；以及第三段第一句提到“康納德認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)模仿大腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是朝正確方向的一大步”（Imitatingthebrain'sneural（神經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection）。因此選項(xiàng)D“這個(gè)方向被證明是對(duì)的，雖然沒人能肯定其前景”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章第三段最后一句話提到“康拉德宣稱制造人工智能裝置最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技術(shù)”（Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

130yearslater,thissinglewallstillstandshereinmute（

）totheRevolutionofParisCommunein1873.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.testimony

B.memory

C.tribute

D.evidence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。testimony“證詞；證據(jù)”;memory“記憶；內(nèi)存”；tribute“致敬；悼念”；evidence“證據(jù)；證明”。句意：130年后，這面墻仍然站在那里默默見證1873年的巴黎公社革命。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛的；令人愉快的”；graceful“優(yōu)雅的”；resentful“氣憤的；厭惡的”；respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世紀(jì)六十年早期搬到了紐約，明顯是為了逃離那些對(duì)她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Thestudentsareallfrom（

）countries,suchasSingapore,India,KoreanandJapan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.developing

B.oriental

C.island

D.Christian

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。developing“發(fā)展中的”；oriental“東方的；東方人的”；island“島的”；Christian“基督教的；信基督教的”。句意：這些學(xué)生都來自東方國家，比如新加坡、印度、韓國、還有日本。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Itmustguidepublicopinion,afterpresenting（

）bothsidesofeveryissueandpointingouttoreaderswhatmeasuresseemtopromisethegreatergoodforthegreaternumber.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inquisitively

B.inconceivably

C.appallingly

D.impartially

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析題。inquisitively“好問地，過分好奇地”；inconceivably“不可思議地”；appallingly“使人驚駭?shù)亍?；impartially“公正地”。句意：公平地展現(xiàn)每個(gè)問題的兩面并向讀者指出什么樣的方式能夠保證絕大部分人的利益，這樣就肯定能引導(dǎo)公眾輿論。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

IsupposeyouarenotleavingforBeijingtoday,（

）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areyou

B.doyou

C.aren’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查反義疑問句。句中“Isuppose”是一個(gè)插入語，陳述部分“youarenot…”是否定意義，因此疑問部分應(yīng)該用肯定意義，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

Beingbothspoiledandlazy,theboy（

）everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticized

B.blamed

C.charged

D.accused

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize“批評(píng)”；blame“責(zé)備，歸咎于”；charge“控訴，告誡”；accuse“控告，譴責(zé)”。blame常與for連用；charge后跟for；accuse后接of。根據(jù)“forhislackofsuccess”可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

19.單選題

TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilestablishedtheICTRin1995totrytheallegedperpetratorsofthe1994（

）inRwandathatclaimedthelivesofmorethan800,000people.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.genocide

B.immigration

C.discrimination

D.election

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。genocide“種族滅絕，種族屠殺”；immigration“移民”；discrimination“歧視，區(qū)別”；election“選舉；當(dāng)選”。句意：聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)于1995年建立了盧旺達(dá)國際刑事法庭，來審判1994年導(dǎo)致八十多萬人死亡的盧旺達(dá)大屠殺中被指控的兇手。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.單選題

Intheory,governmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;inpractice,theymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeing（

）bythemarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.replaced

B.overlooked

C.saturated

D.penalized

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。replace“代替；更換”；overlook“忽略；俯瞰；遠(yuǎn)眺；檢查”；saturate“使?jié)裢?；使飽和”；penalize“懲罰”。句意：理論上，政府有制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的自由；實(shí)際上，他們必須遵守國際經(jīng)濟(jì)模式或冒險(xiǎn)被市場(chǎng)懲罰。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

21.單選題

FromWillink’s（

）manner,peoplecantellthatheisofroyalbirth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boorish

B.regal

C.rude

D.vulgar

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。boorish“粗野的；粗魯?shù)摹?；regal“王室的；莊嚴(yán)的；豪華的”；rude“粗魯?shù)模粺o禮的”；vulgar“粗俗的；通俗的”。句意：從威克林王室的舉止來看，人們能判斷他出生皇室。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

22.單選題

“Doyouwanttoseemydriver’slicenseormypassport?”

“Oh,（

）."

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eitherdoeswell

B.eitheronewilldo

C.eachoneisgood

D.eachwillbefine

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。Either表示“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”，each表示“兩者中的每一個(gè)”。因此根據(jù)題干可知應(yīng)該用either,時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)是將來時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

23.單選題

Much（

）Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,whateverthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.more

C.farther

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，需要倒裝，但不是主謂倒裝而是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容放在句首，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

24.單選題

Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall（

）inallthree.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rare

B.lacking

C.short

D.scarce

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。rare“稀罕的”；lacking“缺乏的；匱乏的”；short“缺乏的”；scarce“不足的”。句意：當(dāng)我們知曉成功人士擁有智力、體力和好運(yùn)時(shí)，我們?cè)跒樽约赫医杩?，因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)鄙龠@三樣。fallshort固定搭配，意思是“缺乏”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

25.單選題

Duringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s,manystates（

）speedlimitstoreducegasolineuse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implanted

B.imposed

C.impaired

D.impressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。implant“種植；灌輸”；impose“強(qiáng)加，征稅”；impair“損害；削弱”；impress“蓋??；給人留下印象”。句意：在1970石油危機(jī)期間，很多州強(qiáng)制限速來減少對(duì)石油的消耗。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

26.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（

）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fiction

B.function

C.fraction

D.friction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fiction“小說，虛構(gòu)的事”；function“功能，職能”；fraction“小部分，少量”；friction“摩擦，沖突”。句意：我們只能察覺到被我們感官所接收的很少一部分的景象和聲音，而忽視了大部分。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

27.單選題

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis（1）tosayitanyway.Heisthat

（2）

bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently

（3）

anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot

（4）thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.

Evenhe,however,mighttrembleatthe

（5）

ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly

（6）

thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin

（7）

areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.

ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,scoring12-15pointsabovethe

（8）

valueof100,andhavecontributeddisproportionatelytotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe

（9）

oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,affirmtheyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,

（10）

havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen

（11）

socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionofvaluingeducation.Thelatterwasseenasa(n)

（12）

ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately（13）

.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas

（14）

themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis

（15）

stateofaffairs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.selected

B.prepared

C.obliged

D.pleased

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unique

B.particular

C.special

D.rare

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.with

C.in

D.against

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.subsequently

B.presently

C.previously

D.lately

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.sight

C.cost

D.risk

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.advises

B.suggests

C.protests

D.objects

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.progress

B.fact

C.need

D.question

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.normal

B.common

C.mean

D.total

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.missions

B.fortunes

C.interests

D.careers

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.however

D.meanwhile

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.givenup

B.gotover

C.carriedon

D.getdown

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.development

B.origin

C.consequence

D.instrument

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.linked

B.integrated

C.woven

D.combined

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.limited

B.subjected

C.converted

D.directed

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxical

B.incompatible

C.inevitable

D.continuous

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配?？崭裉幥懊嬉痪涮岬健坝行┤丝赡鼙绕渌寺斆?，這種觀點(diǎn)是一種不敢冠之以名的假設(shè)”，由“but”這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞可知GregoryCochran打算就這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)闡述自己的道理，bepreparedto是固定搭配，意思是“準(zhǔn)備做……”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:考查固定搭配。Rarebird是固定搭配，意思是“稀有之人或物”。根據(jù)后文“ascientistwhoworksindependently”（一個(gè)獨(dú)自工作的科學(xué)家），可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第3題:考查固定搭配。Independentlyofsth.的意思是“獨(dú)立于……之外”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第4