2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)2

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenceofphotographywayidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes"theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism"astheauthorrepresentsitinLine13?

3.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

4.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“界定現(xiàn)代主義者對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”；B選項(xiàng)解釋攝影是如何作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家對(duì)攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把他們這些態(tài)度放在歷史的進(jìn)程來(lái)觀察。”；D選項(xiàng)“界定當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅攝影家對(duì)待他們的藝術(shù)所具有的各種觀點(diǎn)，并判定每種觀點(diǎn)的價(jià)值”，根據(jù)文章大意可知最能概括文章中作者的主要思想的是D選項(xiàng)。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism;thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.”“這說(shuō)明他們就是把現(xiàn)代主義勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的，其合理程度是：藝術(shù)越強(qiáng)，對(duì)藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的破壞得越大。”確定D選項(xiàng)“矛盾的”正確，

3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“他想列舉哪些像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)上被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的的藝術(shù)家的例子”，B選項(xiàng)“他想在抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫(huà)家和古典現(xiàn)代主義畫(huà)家之間找出相似點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“他想在流行藝術(shù)家和其它藝術(shù)家之間做一個(gè)對(duì)比”，D選項(xiàng)“他想解釋為什么嚴(yán)肅攝影，像其它當(dāng)代視覺(jué)形式一樣不是藝術(shù)，而且也不應(yīng)當(dāng)充當(dāng)藝術(shù)”。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting”“例如，這些認(rèn)為通過(guò)拍照可以擺脫繪畫(huà)所表現(xiàn)的藝術(shù)的矯飾的攝影家，使我們想起了那些抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫(huà)家設(shè)想通過(guò)集中于繪畫(huà)的物理行為而擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫(huà)所表現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)肅的思想。”，確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.”“針對(duì)攝影是一種沒(méi)有靈魂的、對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)機(jī)械性復(fù)制的指責(zé)，攝影工作者聲稱攝影不是復(fù)制品，而是一種特殊的觀察方式，是對(duì)平庸視覺(jué)的叛逆，和繪畫(huà)一樣有藝術(shù)價(jià)值?！笨芍?9世紀(jì)攝影的支持者通過(guò)指出攝影是一種藝術(shù)并且和繪畫(huà)一樣有藝術(shù)價(jià)值來(lái)對(duì)攝影進(jìn)行維護(hù)，所以D選項(xiàng)“攝影是一種藝術(shù)，可以和繪畫(huà)相媲美”符合題意。

2.單選題

Manycriticsofthecurrentwelfaresystemarguethatexistingwelfareregulationsleadtofamilyinstability.Theybelievethatthoseregulations,whichexcludemostpoorhusband-and-wifefamiliesfromAidtoFamilieswithDependentChildren(AFDC)assistancegrants,contributetotheproblemoffamilydissolution.Thus,theyconcludethatexpandingthesetoffamiliesthatcaneligiblygetsuchgrantswouldresultinamarkedstrengtheningofthelow-incomefamilystructure.

Ifallpoorfamiliescouldwelfare,wouldtheincidenceofinstabilitychangemarkedly?Theanswertothisquestiondependsonrelativeimportanceofthreetypesofpotentialwelfarerecipients.Thefirstisthe"Cheater"-thehusbandwhoisreportedtohaveabandonedhisfamily,butinfactdisappearsonlywhenthesocialworkerisintheneighborhood.Thesecondconsistsofalovinghusbandanddevotedfatherwho,sensinghisowninadequacyasafamilysupporter,leavessothathiswifeandchildrenmayenjoytherelativebenefitprovidedbypublicassistance.Thereisverylittleevidencethatthesetwotypesaresignificant

Thethirdtypeistheunhappilymarriedcouple,whoremaintogetheroutofasenseofeconomicresponsibilityfortheirchildren,becauseofthehighcostsofseparation,orbecauseoftheconsumptionbenefitsofmarriage.Thisgroupislarge.Theformation，maintenance,anddissolutionofthefamilyisinlargepanafunctionoftherelativebalancebetweenthebenefitsandcostsofmarriageasseenbytheindividualmembersofthemarriage.Sincethefamilyperformscertainfunctionssocietyregardsasvital,acomplexnetworkofsocialandlegalprocesshasevolvedtoreinforcemarriage.Muchofthevariationinmaritalstabilityacrossincomeclassescanbeexplainedbythevariationincostsofdissolutionimposedbysociety,suchasdivisionofproperty,andchildsupport.

Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandlotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.Expectedincomeexertspressuresairfamilyinstabilitybyreducingthecostofdissolution.Totheextentthatwelfareisaformofgovernment-subsidizedAFDCpayments,itreducesthecostsofseparationandguaranteesaminimalstandardoflivingforwifeandchildren.Sowelfareopportunitiesareasignificantdeterminantoffamilyinstabilityinpoorneighborhoods,butthisisnottheresultofAFDCregulationsthatexcludemostintactfamiliesfromcoverage.Rather,welfare-relatedinstabilityoccursbecausepublicassistancelowersboththebenefitsofmarriageandthecostsofitsbreachbyprovidingasystemofgovernment-subsidizedpayments.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

3.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmarriagewouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

4.Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundina（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Welfarerestrictiondonotcontributetolow-incomefamilyinstability

B.Themostsignificantkindofwelfarerecipientsisnotthe"cheating”father.

C.Thedivorcerateisboundtofallwhenwelfarebenefitsarecut.

D.Governmentwelfarepaymentsleaddirectlytogrowingdivorcerate.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidentandoptimistic

B.scientificanddetached

C.discouragedandalarmed

D.politeandsensitive

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Marriageislargelyshapedbypowerfulbutimpersonaleconomicandsocialforces

B.Marriagehasagreatervaluetohigherincomegroups

C.Societyhasnointerestinencouragingpeopletoremainmarriedtooneanother

D.Marriagewillgraduallygivewaytootherformsofsocialorganization.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.basiceconomictext

B.bookonthehistoryofwelfare

C.religiousliteratureontheimportanceofmarriage

D.scholarlyjournaldevotedtopublicpolicyquestions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章針對(duì)許多批評(píng)家對(duì)當(dāng)前的福利制度導(dǎo)致家庭不穩(wěn)定的指責(zé)，分析了產(chǎn)生這種情況的原因，并得出了與批評(píng)者相反的結(jié)論，所以A選項(xiàng)‘福利限制不會(huì)導(dǎo)致低收入家庭的不穩(wěn)定’正確。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文中作者科學(xué)而又客觀地(scientificanddetached)分析了造成家庭解體的諸多因素，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文中的“Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandtotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.婚姻的穩(wěn)定性與就家庭消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)達(dá)成可接受的共識(shí)所付出的代價(jià)有關(guān)，也與婚姻社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)團(tuán)體不穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)盛行價(jià)格有關(guān)?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“婚姻在很大程度上是由強(qiáng)大但客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)力量所決定的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。本文主要分析了福利制度與家庭穩(wěn)定性關(guān)系，屬于公共政策問(wèn)題，所以D選項(xiàng)‘專門(mén)研究公共政策問(wèn)題的學(xué)術(shù)期刊’正確。

3.單選題

（

）inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Judgedthebest

B.Judgingthebest

C.Tobejudgedthebest

D.Havingjudgedthebest

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。動(dòng)詞judge和句子主語(yǔ)thethreestudents是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，后面有完整的主謂賓，所以使用表示被動(dòng)意義的過(guò)去分詞。排除B，D選項(xiàng)。由于judge表示的動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)詞award之前，因此可以排除選項(xiàng)C，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen'ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefenseswhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen'sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehavior:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople'ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

1.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（

）.

2.ThethirdparagraphdoesNOTclaimthatmen

（

）.

3.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto

（

）.

4.Theusualideaofthecavemaninthelastparagraph

（

）.

5.TheopeningquotationfromMargaretMeadsumsuparelationshipbetweenmanandwomanwhichtheauthor（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.preventwomenfromtakingupcertainprofessions

B.secretlyadmirewomen'sintellectandresolution

C.doubtwhetherwomenreallymeantosucceedinbusiness

D.forbidwomentojoincertainclubsandsocieties

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearliestparagraphs

C.supportthefirstsentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isbasedonthestudyofarchaeology

B.illustrateshowpeopleexpectmentobehave

C.isdismissedbytheauthorasanirrelevantjoke

D.provesthattheman,notwoman,shouldbethewooer

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.approvesof

B.arguesisnatural

C.completelyrejects

D.expectstogoonchanging

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)第一段中的“男人對(duì)自己的性別角色的確信”表明他們…‘’由第一段第二句“Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen'ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirrightorability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.在大量的人類社會(huì)里，男性對(duì)自己性別角色的確定與他們?nèi)?shí)踐女性不被允許的活動(dòng)的權(quán)利或能力聯(lián)系在一起。”確定C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)什么被看成是‘男子氣概’有清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘第三段沒(méi)有提及…’。由第三段中“...takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen'spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.有時(shí)采取明顯的（將女性）排除在某些職業(yè)和社會(huì)群體之外的方式；有時(shí)采取更微妙的方式去自動(dòng)懷疑女性自稱達(dá)到被認(rèn)為是男性為運(yùn)行世界這個(gè)事業(yè)而帶來(lái)的智力和決斷水平的真正性?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)的“背地里羨慕女性的資料和決斷”在第三段中沒(méi)有提及，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“阻止女性從事某些職業(yè)”、C選項(xiàng)“懷疑是否女性真正打算去在職業(yè)上獲得成功”及D選項(xiàng)“禁止女性加入某些俱樂(lè)部和社會(huì)團(tuán)體”在第三段都有提及。。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘在最后一段的結(jié)尾，作者使用了幽默的夸張手法來(lái)達(dá)到….’。由最后一段第一句“Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology...每個(gè)人對(duì)原命或自然的乂類生活情況都有一個(gè)非常確切的想法，相比考古學(xué)，它（即有關(guān)人類原始或自然的狀況的想法）更多是通過(guò)研究幽默的卡通圖畫(huà)來(lái)獲得的”確定C選項(xiàng)“支持同一個(gè)段落第一句話”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘他在最后一段提到穴居人…’。由最后一段第二句“Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology...相比考古學(xué)，它（即有關(guān)人類原始或自然的狀況的想法）更多是通過(guò)研究幽默的卡通圖畫(huà)來(lái)獲得的”確定A選項(xiàng)“基于研究考古學(xué)”與原文不符。由最后一段中“Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.在這種基本的自然社會(huì)里，男人出去打獵、捕魚(yú)和擊退臨近的部落，而女人保持爐火不滅（即負(fù)責(zé)家務(wù)）”確定B選項(xiàng)“描述了人們?cè)鯓悠谂文行匀ケ憩F(xiàn)”正確。C選項(xiàng)“被作者以一個(gè)不相關(guān)的笑話而沒(méi)有考慮”及D選項(xiàng)“證明男人而非女人應(yīng)該是追求者”在文中沒(méi)有提及。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘瑪格麗特?米德的引言概括了作者對(duì)男女關(guān)系的理解的…’。由最后一段中“Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.相比考古學(xué)，它（即有關(guān)人類原始或自然的狀況的想法）更多是通過(guò)研究幽默的卡通圖畫(huà)來(lái)獲得的，但這個(gè)不重要，因?yàn)樗皇亲鳛槔碚摱匾?，而是作為一種內(nèi)心感到的期望的表達(dá)，即人們感覺(jué)在兩性角色區(qū)別上什么在根本上是合適。”確定作者贊同MargretMead總結(jié)的在社會(huì)中男性和女性的角色應(yīng)該被區(qū)分”，所以A選項(xiàng)“贊同”正確。

5.單選題

Becausethemonkeysunderstudyare（

）thepresenceofhumanbeings,theytypically（

）humanobserversandgoabouttheirbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambivalentabout...welcome

B.inhibitedby...seek

C.unawareof...avoid

D.habituatedto...disregard

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)樵谘芯恐械暮镒觽兗航?jīng)習(xí)慣了人類的存在，所以它們通常會(huì)無(wú)視人類觀察員而自己弄自己的。A選項(xiàng)ambivalentabout意為“對(duì)…是矛盾的”;B選項(xiàng)inhibitedby意為“被…抑制”;C選項(xiàng)unawareof意為“沒(méi)有意識(shí)到”；D選項(xiàng)habituatedto意為“適應(yīng)于……”。分析題意可知，D選項(xiàng)“適應(yīng)于”，正確。

6.單選題

Iremembermeetinghimoneeveningwithhispushcart.Ihadmanagedtosellallmypapersandwascominghomeinthesnow.IthasthatstrangehourindowntownNewYorkwhentheworkerswerepouringhomewardinthetwilight.Imarchedamongthousandsoftiredmenandwomenwhomthefactorywhistleshadunyoked.Theyflowedinriversthroughtheclothingfactorydistricts,thendownalongtheavenuestotheEastSide.

ImetmyfathernearCooperUnion.Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely;thetearscametomyeyes.Thenhesawme,andhisfacelitwithhissad,beautifulsmile——CharlieChaplin'ssmile.

“Arch,it’sMikey,”hesaid.“Soyouhavesoldyourpapers!Comeandeatabanana.”

Heofferedmeone.Irefusedit.Ifeltitcrucialthatmyfathersellhisbananas,notgivethemaway.HethoughtIwasshy,andcoaxedandjokedwithme;andmademeeatthebanana.Itsmelledofwetstrawandsnow.

“Youhaven’tsoldmanybananastoday,pop,Isaidanxiously.

Heshruggedhisshoulders.

“WhatcanIdo?Nooneseemstowantthem.

Itwastrue.Theworkcrowdspushedhomemoroselyoverthepavements.TherustyskydarkenedoverNewYorkbuildings,thetallstreetlampswerelit,innumerabletrucks,streetcarsandelevatedtrainsclatteredby.Nobodyandnothinginthegreatcitystoppedformyfather’sbananas.

“Ioughttoyell,”saidmyfatherdolefully.66Ioughttomakeabignoiselikeotherpeddlers,butitmakesmythroatsore.Anyway,I’mashamedofyelling.Itmakesmefeellikeafool.’’

Ihadeatenoneofhisbananas.MysickconsciencetoldmethatIoughttopayforitsomehow.Imustremainhereandhelpmyfather.

“I’llyellforyou,pop.”Ivolunteered,

“Arch,no，’’hesaid,“gohome;youhaveworkedenoughtoday.JusttellmommaI’llbelate.”

ButIyelledandyelled.Myfather,standingby,spokeoccasionalwordsofpraise,andsaidIwasawonder&lyeller.Nobodyelsepaidattention.Theworkersdriftedpastuswearily,endlessly;adefeatedarmywrappedindreamsofhome.Elevatedtrainscrashed;theCooperUnionclockburnedaboveus;theskygrewblack,thewindpoured,theslushburnedthroughourshoes.Therewerethousandsofstrange,silentfigurespouringoverthesidewalksinsnow.Noneofthemstoppedtobuybananas.Iyelledandyelled,butnobodylistened.

Myfathertriedtostopmeatlast.“Nu,”hesaidsmilingtoconsoleme,“thatwaswonderfulyelling,Mikey.Butit’splainweareunluckytoday!Let’sgohome.”

Iwasfrantic,andalmostintears.Iinsistedonkeepingupmydesperateyells..Butatlastmyfatherpersuadedmetoleavewithhim.

1.“Unyoked”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisintendedtobeapairofcontrastinthepassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTsuitabletodescribethecharacteroftheson?

4.Whatisthethemeofthestory?

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefatherandtheson?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentout

B.released

C.dispatched

D.removed

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hugecrowdsandlonelyindividuals.

B.Weatherconditionsandstreetlamps.

C.Clatteringtrainsandpeddlers’yells.

D.Movingcrowdsandstreettraffic.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Compassionate.

B.Responsible.

C.Shy.

D.Determined.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Themiseryofthefactoryworkers.

B.Howtosurviveinaharshenvironment.

C.Generationgapbetweenthefatherandtheson.

D.Lovebetweenthefatherandtheson.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Indifferent.

B.Sympathetic.

C.Appreciative.

D.Sneering

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)表示“出發(fā)，啟程”；B選項(xiàng)表示“釋放，發(fā)布”；C選項(xiàng)表示“派遣，發(fā)送”；D選項(xiàng)“移開(kāi)，排除”。根據(jù)劃線詞所在的那句話，句意為“我走在成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)從工廠口哨中解放出來(lái)的疲憊的男男女女中”。因此，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中B選項(xiàng)release“釋放”最貼近題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容為一組對(duì)比。A選項(xiàng)“川流不息的人群與無(wú)人問(wèn)津賣(mài)香蕉的父子倆”；B選項(xiàng)‘天氣狀況和路燈’；C選項(xiàng)‘火車(chē)的咔嗒聲和小販的叫賣(mài)聲’；D選項(xiàng)‘移動(dòng)的人群和街道交通’；從文章內(nèi)容中看，只有A選項(xiàng)是本文最強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。另外三組詞都渲染了相同的情緒或是相似的情景，因此構(gòu)不成對(duì)比。

3.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)下列哪一個(gè)詞不適合來(lái)形容兒子的性格特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely;thetearscametomyeyes.我認(rèn)出了他，一個(gè)駝背、凍得僵直的人，穿著一件舊大衣，站在一輛香蕉車(chē)旁。他看上去很孤獨(dú)；淚水涌上了我的眼睛。”可知A選項(xiàng)compassionate“慈悲的，富有同情心的”符合兒子的性格特點(diǎn)；根據(jù)文章第十段可知，兒子在吃了爸爸的一根香蕉之后，覺(jué)得自己有必要為自己付款，那就應(yīng)該幫助父親叫賣(mài)，因此可看出兒子的負(fù)責(zé)任‘Responsible’，B選項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)文章最后三段可知，再叫賣(mài)了很久之后仍然沒(méi)人來(lái)買(mǎi)香蕉，但是兒子仍然在叫賣(mài)，由此可看出兒子的意志堅(jiān)定‘Determined’，D選項(xiàng)正確。運(yùn)用排除法，所以只有C選項(xiàng)不符合他的性格特征。

4.主旨大意題。文章從兒子看見(jiàn)父親開(kāi)始，到父子倆的談話，再到兒子為父親叫賣(mài)香蕉，整篇文章都可看出父子情深，而不是代溝的問(wèn)題；C選項(xiàng)排除，主人公并非工人，所以A選項(xiàng)排除；文章沒(méi)有給出在艱難環(huán)境中如何生存下去的方法，所以B選項(xiàng)排除；因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章詳細(xì)介紹了父子倆賣(mài)香蕉的艱難，但兒子堅(jiān)持不懈地為父親叫賣(mài)，而整篇文章的基調(diào)是比較憂郁的，由此可看出作者是滿懷同情來(lái)寫(xiě)父親生活的艱難的，因此B選項(xiàng)‘’同情的正確。A項(xiàng)表示“冷漠的”；C項(xiàng)表示“感激的”；D項(xiàng)表示“嘲諷的”均不正確。

7.單選題

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheirpart,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngandold,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interpreting

B.interpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.beinginterpreted

【答案】B

【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查。分析句子意思‘它表明了經(jīng)濟(jì)的和社會(huì)的，最重要的是，政治的變革是如何發(fā)揮它們的作用的，因此，如果正確來(lái)講，成百萬(wàn)的人們，不管年輕年老，都能從郵票中找到快樂(lè)、知識(shí)甚至是利益，這一直都是最忠實(shí)反映時(shí)代的一面鏡子’可知，此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞interpret之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且應(yīng)用一般時(shí)態(tài)，而不是表將來(lái)的不定式或正在進(jìn)行的beinginterpreted，B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthe（1）paceofmodemlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonsters

（2）

thewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatis

（3）

matteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististhe

（4）

totherule.Perhapsthesituation

（5）

a“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,

（6）

itmaygetcompletely

（7）

.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgood

（8）

too.Ittakesthemost

cool-headedandgood-temperedofdriversto

（9）

thetemptationtorevengewhen

（10）

touncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowards

（11）

thetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementin

（12）

toanactofpolitenesshelpsto

（13）

anatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemtrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltoo

（14）

today.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.（15）

,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakes

（16）

toallowacartoemerge

（17）

asidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,

（18）

afewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebra

（19）

intothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostop

（20）

.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasty

B.prompt

C.urgent

D.quick

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.above

C.behind

D.by

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theother

B.allother

C.another

D.other

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.exclusion

B.exception

C.modification

D.access

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.callsfor

B.callsout

C.callsupon

D.callsup

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.while

C.otherwise

D.till

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.outofhand

B.inhand

C.athand

D.offhand

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.doubt

B.reason

C.discipline

D.sense

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.resist

B.persist

C.consist

D.insist

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.subject

B.beingsubjected

C.subjected

D.issubjected

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.dismissing

B.relieving

C.releasing

D.removing

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.appeal

B.approach

C.reflection

D.response

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.create

B.produce

C.proceed

D.raise

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.common

B.rare

C.extraordinary

D.unique

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.However

D.Thus

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.politely

B.carefully

C.vigorously

D.violently

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.on

C.to

D.from

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.though

B.when

C.where

D.which

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.crossing

B.cross

C.beingcrossed

D.tocross

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.ontime

B.intime

C.atatime

D.attimes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:B

【解析】（1）形容詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)hasty表示的是“匆忙的，草率的”；B選項(xiàng)中prompt表示“立即的，及時(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)中urgent表示“緊急的，緊迫的”；D選項(xiàng)quick表示“快的，迅速的”，此處為“快速的現(xiàn)代生活”中“快速的”一詞的考查。所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（2）介詞用法辨析。此處為考查與wheel的搭配問(wèn)題。wheel作名詞表示“車(chē)輪，輪子”意思時(shí)，有搭配為“onwheels”表示“某物裝上了輪子”，當(dāng)wheel作名詞表示“（汽車(chē)等的）方向盤(pán)”時(shí)，有搭配“behindthewheel”表示“手握方向盤(pán)，在駕駛”，這里表示‘在駕駛’所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

（3）代詞用法辨析。theother表示“兩者中的另一個(gè)”；allother表示“所有其他的”；another表示“三者或三者以上的另一個(gè)”；other表示“其他的”，用于兩者之間。此句話要表達(dá)的意思是“如果油箱里有良好的汽油是非常好的一件事，但駕駛員脾氣不好卻是另外一回事”。C選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)前半句“或許你可以忍受那些愛(ài)搶路的、蠻橫無(wú)禮的司機(jī)，但是今天行為良好的駕駛員對(duì)于規(guī)則來(lái)說(shuō)卻是例外?！盇選項(xiàng)中exclusion表示“排斥，排除”，其后應(yīng)跟介詞of或者from;B選項(xiàng)exception表示“例外”，其后可跟介詞to;C選項(xiàng)modification表示“修改，改進(jìn)”；D選項(xiàng)access表示“進(jìn)入，使用權(quán)，通路”。根據(jù)題意和空格后的介詞to可知B選項(xiàng)表示是一個(gè)特例正確。

（5）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)callfor表示“要求，需要”；B選項(xiàng)callout表示“出動(dòng)，召集”；C選項(xiàng)callupon表示“邀請(qǐng)，恭請(qǐng)”；D選項(xiàng)callup表示“回憶”；根據(jù)句意‘也許這樣的情況急需一個(gè)“善待其他司機(jī)”的活動(dòng)’確定A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（6）連詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)moreover表示“然而”；B選項(xiàng)while表示對(duì)比兩件事情）然而或當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”；C選項(xiàng)otherwise表示“否則”；D選項(xiàng)till表示“直到……”。由前半句可知后半句句意為“否則情況將變得完全難以控制?！盋選項(xiàng)正確。

（7）介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)outofhand表示“難以控制，脫手”；B選項(xiàng)inhand表示“在控制中”；C選項(xiàng)athand表示“接近”；D選項(xiàng)offhand表示“不再負(fù)責(zé)”。根據(jù)句意“否則情況將變得無(wú)法控制”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）名詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)doubt表示“懷疑”；B選項(xiàng)reason表示“理由”；C選項(xiàng)discipline表示“學(xué)科，紀(jì)律”，D選項(xiàng)sense“感覺(jué)，理智”；本句的意思是“道路禮貌不僅僅是良好行為的表現(xiàn)，同樣也是理智的表現(xiàn)?！眊oodsense表示“理智，判斷力強(qiáng)”，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

（9）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。由上句話可知，A選項(xiàng)resist表示“抵抗”；B選項(xiàng)persist表示“堅(jiān)持；C選項(xiàng)consist表示“由……組成”；D選項(xiàng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持，強(qiáng)調(diào)”。根據(jù)句意“道路禮貌”是有積極作用的，因此能幫助司機(jī)去“抵抗”報(bào)復(fù)的誘惑。A選項(xiàng)正確。

（10）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。whensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior表達(dá)的意思是“遭受不文明的行為時(shí)”，這句話的主謂語(yǔ)和主句的主謂語(yǔ)一樣，所以when后其實(shí)省略了主謂語(yǔ)theyare”,根據(jù)句型“besubjectedtosth.”確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

（11）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dismissing表示“解散，不予考慮”；B選項(xiàng)relieving表示“緩解”；C選項(xiàng)releasing表示“放松”；D選項(xiàng)removing表示“移開(kāi)”；此句話要表達(dá)的意思為“另一方面，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)禮貌就可以很大程度上緩解司機(jī)的情緒”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（12）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appeal表示“吸引力，呼吁”；B選項(xiàng)approach表示“方法”；C選項(xiàng)reflection表示“沉思，回憶”；D選項(xiàng)response“回應(yīng)”。根據(jù)上句，別人對(duì)你禮貌，你也應(yīng)該“回應(yīng)”別人的禮貌，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)create表示“創(chuàng)造，引起（感覺(jué)或印象）”；B選項(xiàng)produce表示“生產(chǎn)（商品）”；C選項(xiàng)proceed表示“接著做，繼續(xù)”；D選項(xiàng)raise表示“引起（人的情緒）”。此句要表達(dá)的意思是“對(duì)別人