2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)2

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Bybeingover-zealouswithfoodrestriction,thedieterinadvertentlymakesabingeonforbiddenfoodsfarmorelikelyandyoumayaswellforgettheideaofbanningthings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mayproperly

B.hadbetter

C.shouldsurely

D.mayprobably

【答案】B

【解析】A選項(xiàng)mayproperly“適當(dāng)?shù)亍保籅選項(xiàng)hadbetter“最好”；C選項(xiàng)shouldsurely“應(yīng)該”；D選項(xiàng)mayprobably“也許可能”。句意：過度熱衷于限制食物，節(jié)食者很可能會(huì)無意中暴飲暴食，你最好還是忘記禁食的想法。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞mayaswell“最好”，得知B為正確答案。

2.單選題

Comicartcanbe,andoftenis,deadlyserious,atwhichpointitis___difficulttocategorizeit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.awfully

B.indicatively

C.crucially

D.ultimately

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)awfully“可怕地；十分；非常；很”；B選項(xiàng)indicatively“指示地，表示地；象征地；陳述地”；C選項(xiàng)crucially“關(guān)鍵地；至關(guān)重要地”；D選項(xiàng)ultimately“最后；根本；基本上”。句意：喜劇藝術(shù)可以是，而且往往是極度的嚴(yán)肅，在這一點(diǎn)上很難對(duì)它進(jìn)行分類。結(jié)合此處語境，A為正確答案。

3.翻譯題

將模糊性(fuzzy,adj)和定性評(píng)價(jià)合理地轉(zhuǎn)化為定量評(píng)價(jià)，進(jìn)而選擇最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)解，是產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵。論文運(yùn)用模糊綜合評(píng)判與比較的方法，以MicrosoftVisualBasic5.0為軟件平臺(tái)，建立了計(jì)算機(jī)輔助的設(shè)計(jì)方案擇優(yōu)系統(tǒng)。提供了對(duì)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)方案定量評(píng)價(jià)和擇優(yōu)、將結(jié)果存檔、調(diào)用和打印等功能。

【答案】Itisaveryimportantprocedureofproductdesigntotransformrationallyfuzzyandqualitativeevaluationintoquantitativeevaluationforoptimumsolution.Thispaperintroducesacomputer-aidedselectionsystemforoptimumsolutiontoproducedesign.ThesystemisestablishedontheplatformofMicrosoftVisualBasic5.0withthemethodoffuzzycomprehensivejudgmentsandcomparison.Ithasthefunctionsofquantitativeevaluation,selectionoftheoptimumdesignsolution,filling,consultingandprintingoftheoptimizedresults.

4.單選題

Slaughteranddestructionareterriblerealitiesofwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slab

B.massivekilling

C.slight

D.dimension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)slab“厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片”；B選項(xiàng)massivekilling“大規(guī)模的殺戮”；C選項(xiàng)slight“怠慢；輕蔑”；D選項(xiàng)dimension“方面；[數(shù)]維；尺寸；次元；容積”。句意：屠殺和破壞是可怕的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)現(xiàn)實(shí)。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞slaughter“屠宰；大屠殺；（非正式）徹底擊敗”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。A選項(xiàng)“描述統(tǒng)計(jì)和推理統(tǒng)計(jì)的缺點(diǎn)”不符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的應(yīng)用”，推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)只是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的一類，不符合題意。選項(xiàng)D“使用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”跟選項(xiàng)B類似，描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)也只是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的一類。因此C選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。

2.形容詞詞義辨析題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。可知A選項(xiàng)“different”（不同的）正確。B選項(xiàng)“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C選項(xiàng)“recorded”（記錄的）排除。D選項(xiàng)“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)有一個(gè)“母親”，她致力于井井有條地記錄政府機(jī)構(gòu)的文件（國家和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)這兩個(gè)詞源于同一個(gè)拉丁語詞根，status），還有一個(gè)有紳士般的賭博“父親”，他依靠數(shù)學(xué)來提高技巧，以便在幾率的游戲中獲勝。由中文大意得知，選項(xiàng)D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的背景符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻譯為：數(shù)據(jù)可能代表定性變量，如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型。可以得知B選項(xiàng)“height”沒有提及，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A“Gender”（性別），選項(xiàng)C“Collegemajor”（大學(xué)專業(yè)），選項(xiàng)D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格類型）。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻譯為：推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的目的就是通過了解一個(gè)群體中一部分樣本的特征來預(yù)測(cè)或估計(jì)該群體的特征。則B選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)整個(gè)人口的特征”正確。

6.單選題

Themembersofthebranchwereindignantthatgovernmenthadplantedtwospiesamongthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irate

B.indifferent

C.insensible

D.inspired

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)irate“生氣的；發(fā)怒的”；B選項(xiàng)indifferent“冷淡的；不關(guān)心的；中等的”；C選項(xiàng)insensible“昏迷的；無知覺的；麻木不仁的”；D選項(xiàng)inspired“品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的；能力卓越的；借助于靈感創(chuàng)作的”。句意：支部的成員對(duì)政府在他們中間安插了兩名間諜感到憤怒。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語plantedtwospiesamongthem“安插了兩名間諜”，可推測(cè)支部的成員會(huì)對(duì)此十分氣憤，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast￡80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover￡116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.

OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.

Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe￡11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.

TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.

Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”

MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,

Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay￡26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.

2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?

3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.

4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation

B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice

C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal

D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof￡80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Retailchains

B.Farmers

C.Dairycompanies

D.Politicians

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.confident

B.angry

C.deficient

D.challenging

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT

B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness

C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation

D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.biased

C.sympathetic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段。A選項(xiàng)“特易購是所有零售商中最堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)自己聲譽(yù)的?！蓖茰y(cè)其他的零售商勾結(jié)，并沒有體現(xiàn)出捍衛(wèi)自身的聲譽(yù)，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明，特易購與阿斯達(dá)、懷斯曼、乳品佳潔士和奶酪公司串通操縱乳品價(jià)格?！崩斫忮e(cuò)誤，特易購要證明自己并沒有與其他零售商勾結(jié)。C選項(xiàng)“特易購正盡力證明自己在丑聞中的清白?！庇深}干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million”中文翻譯：特易購正準(zhǔn)備打一場(chǎng)法律戰(zhàn)，以澄清自己卷入這起導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者損失2.7億英鎊的奶制品價(jià)格操縱丑聞的名聲。符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“由于特易購對(duì)反競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的快速反應(yīng)，特易購獲得了8000萬英鎊的寬大處理?！崩斫忮e(cuò)誤，如果Tesco不能證明自己的清白，將面臨8000萬英鎊的罰款。D選項(xiàng)可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干，A選項(xiàng)“Retailchains”（零售連鎖店），文中所說的零售商只是將奶制品的價(jià)格提供給公司，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“Famers”（農(nóng)民），文中所說的不確定農(nóng)民是否得到了錢。C選項(xiàng)“Dairycompanies”（乳制品公司），文中所說乳制品公司操縱了的價(jià)格，符合題意，C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“Politicians”（政治家），文中所說，財(cái)政部獲得了補(bǔ)償，因此，也可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions”，中文翻譯為：特易購對(duì)此不以為然，并表示正準(zhǔn)備為自己的行為進(jìn)行強(qiáng)有力的辯護(hù)。A選項(xiàng)“自信的”，特易購正準(zhǔn)備為自己的行為進(jìn)行辯護(hù)，可推測(cè)他對(duì)行為很自信。A選項(xiàng)最符合詞義。B選項(xiàng)“生氣的”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)特易購生氣，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“不足的，有缺陷的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)性的”，不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthat

thecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation.中文翻譯為：莫里森支持OFT對(duì)其接管的前Safeway業(yè)務(wù)的調(diào)查，但在一份聲明中表示，莫里森仍在為OFT進(jìn)行“強(qiáng)有力的辯護(hù)”。LactalisMcLelland的發(fā)言人表示，該公司正在與OFT“合作”。業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示，這三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的調(diào)查。判斷出C選項(xiàng)“業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示，莫里森是在試圖以不合作的方式拖延OFT的調(diào)查”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在處理OFT時(shí)，莫里森是最具防御性的”，這里并沒有體現(xiàn)莫里森具有防御性，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“莫里森不愿支持對(duì)前西夫韋公司的調(diào)查”，文中所說，莫里森支持對(duì)前Safeway公司的調(diào)查，因此，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“莫里森公司確實(shí)拒絕承認(rèn)與丑聞?dòng)嘘P(guān)”，文中并沒有提及，可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“objective”（客觀的），文中作者對(duì)Tesco的態(tài)度比較客觀，符合題意，A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“biased”（有偏見的），文中并沒有體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)于Tesco的偏見，可排除；C選項(xiàng)“sympathetic”（同情的），不符合題意，可排除；D選項(xiàng)“optimistic”（積極的），不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

ThedestructionoftheEarth’sozonelayer,forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultravioletraystoharmplantsandanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sufficient

B.improvement

C.prosperity

D.poverty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sufficient“足夠的；充分的”；B選項(xiàng)improvement“改進(jìn)，改善；提高”；C選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮，成功”；D選項(xiàng)poverty“貧困；困難；缺少；低劣”。句意：例如，地球臭氧層的破壞會(huì)使紫外線傷害動(dòng)植物，從而加劇貧困化的進(jìn)程。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞impoverishment“貧窮；致使貧乏或貧瘠之事物；窮困化狀況”，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Hequicklymovedasidebehindthetreestoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ducked

B.evaded

C.escaped

D.dodged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ducked“躲避”，強(qiáng)調(diào)快速閃躲，后面一般接賓語；B選項(xiàng)evaded“逃避；規(guī)避；逃脫”；C選項(xiàng)escaped“逃離，逃脫；避開；泄出”；D選項(xiàng)dodged“搪塞”，表示躲避時(shí)，目的是免受傷害，可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可以加副詞或介詞。句意：他迅速躲到樹后，以免被朝他這個(gè)方向扔來的石頭弄傷。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞behind（到……后面），得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce___politicalendscanneverbejustified.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insearchof

B.inpursuitof

C.inviewof

D.inlightof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)insearchof“尋找”；B選項(xiàng)inpursuitof“追求”；C選項(xiàng)inviewof“鑒于，由于”；D選項(xiàng)inlightof“根據(jù)”。句意：有許多人認(rèn)為，為追求政治目的而使用武力永遠(yuǎn)是不正當(dāng)?shù)摹８鶕?jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Themanager'sjobisnottomakedecisionsbuttocarryoutthedecisionsthedirectormakes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fulfill

B.accomplish

C.implement

D.affect

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fulfill“實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿足；使結(jié)束”；B選項(xiàng)accomplish“完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到”；C選項(xiàng)implement“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；實(shí)現(xiàn)，使生效”；D選項(xiàng)affect“影響”。句意：經(jīng)理的工作不是做決定，而是執(zhí)行主管做的決定。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞makedecision（做決定），得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thechocolatecompanymaintainedstablesales______andincreasedprofitsby4.7%inthefiscalperiodendinginFebruary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.volumes

B.rows

C.dimensions

D.outputs

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)volumes“體積，容量”；B選項(xiàng)rows“一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C選項(xiàng)dimensions“規(guī)模，大小”；D選項(xiàng)outputs“輸出”。句意：在2月份結(jié)賬期結(jié)束巧克力公司保持穩(wěn)定的銷售……，并增加了4.7%的利潤(rùn)。salesvolumes為固定搭配，譯為銷售量，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Themanhadeithertoleavethecountryimmediatelyortosurrenderhimselftotheenemyandhadnootherchoice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alternative

B.hope

C.resource

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)alternative“二中選一；供替代的選擇”；B選項(xiàng)hope“希望”；C選項(xiàng)resource“資源”；D選項(xiàng)approach“方式”。句意：這個(gè)人要么立即離開這個(gè)國家，要么向敵人投降，結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語leavethecountry（離開這個(gè)國家）以及surrenderhimselftotheenemy（向敵人投降），可推測(cè)他是在兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇，由此得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Itisaclassiccaseofthebored-housewifesyndrome—doingnothingalldaybutdrinkandgoshopping.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hindrance

B.synthesis

C.system

D.symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)hindrance“障礙；妨礙；妨害；阻礙物”；B選項(xiàng)synthesis“綜合，[化學(xué)]合成；綜合體”；C選項(xiàng)system“制度，體制；系統(tǒng)；方法”；D選項(xiàng)symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern“形成可識(shí)別模式的癥狀或體征”。句意：這是一個(gè)典型的無聊家庭主婦綜合癥——整天無所事事，只喝酒和購物。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞syndrome“[臨床]綜合癥狀；并發(fā)癥狀；校驗(yàn)子；并發(fā)位”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Asfewhouseholdappliancesarenowperfect,thisminordefectisnegligible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detectable

B.trifling

C.inexcusable

D.magnificent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)detectable“可檢測(cè)的；可發(fā)覺的”；B選項(xiàng)trifling“微不足道的；輕浮的”；C選項(xiàng)inexcusable“不可原諒的；沒法辯解的；不可寬恕的”；D選項(xiàng)magnificent“高尚的；壯麗的；華麗的；宏偉的”。句意：由于現(xiàn)在很少有家用電器是完美的，這個(gè)小小的缺陷是可以忽略不計(jì)的。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞minor（微小的），得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theterm“print”hasseveralmeanings,soitisimportanttounderstandexactlywhatismeantbytheartisticterminology.Aprintintheartisticsenseisnotareproductionofaworkofartdoneinsomeothermedium,suchaspaintingordrawing.Thatcaninnosensebeconsideredaworkofart,sincetheartisthadnoinvolvementwithit.AprintisanoriginalworkofartcreatedbyanindirectmethoD.Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.Fromthismastersurface,numerousimpressionsmaybemadebyinkingthesurface,layingasheetofpaperonit,andthensubjectingbothsurfaceandpapertopressure,generallybymeansofaprintingpress.

Aprintmayexistinseveralversions.Sometimestheprintmakeralterstheimagebetweenimpressions,sothateachprintisslightlydifferentfromtheothers.Anyseriesofsuchprintsisreferredtoasmultiples.Thenumberofimpressions(knownastheedition)thatarepossiblefromasingleoriginalvarieswiththematerial.Printsmadefromlinoleum,whichwearsreadily,willbefewerthanthosemadefromametalplate,whichiscapableofstrikingfine-qualityprintsinthethousands.Itiscustomarytonumberprintsastheycomeoffthepress,theearlierimpressionsbeingthefinestandthereforethemostdesirable.

Printsincorporatethesamecompositionalprinciples,aspaintings.Line,shape,ortexturemaybethepredominantelementaccordingtotheprintingtechniqueuseD.Someprintshaveobviousdecorativequalitieswhileothersmaybefilledwithemotionalimpact.

Printmakingderivesfromtwohistoricalsources:earlywoodblocksintowhichanimagewascutandusedtoillustrateabookorplayingcards,andthemedievalpracticeofdecoratingmetalwithinciseddesigns,asinarmor.Todaymosttechniquesfallintooneoffourcategories:relief,intaglio,lithography,andserigraphy.However,therearemanyvariations,combinationswithphotographictechniques,andconsiderableoverlapping.

1.Intheartisticsense,aprintisaworkofartcreatedby___.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasanexampleofamastersurface?

3.ItcanbeinferredthatprintsmaydifferfromotherworksofartintermsofallofthefollowingEXCEPT___.

4.Ametalplateiscomparedfavorablywithlinoleumasametersurfacebecauseametalplate___.

5.ItcanbeinferredthatprintsmaydifferfromotherworksofartintermsofallofthefollowingEXCEPT___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makingapaintingfromanoriginaldrawing

B.drawingorpaintingsimilarimagesmanytimes

C.transferringanoriginalimagefromonesurfacetoanother

D.copyinganoriginalimagemadeonpaperontoahardsurface

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.adrawingorpainting

B.ablockofstone

C.asheetofpaper

D.aprintingpress

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.compositionalprinciples

B.useofline,shape,ortexture

C.decorativequalities

D.emotionalimpact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lastslonger

B.islessexpensive

C.makesprintsmorequickly

D.producesagreatervarietyofprints

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.emotionalimpact

B.useofline,shape,ortexture

C.decorativequalities

D.compositionalprinciples

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.Fromthismastersurface,numerousimpressionsmaybemadebyinkingthesurface,layingasheetofpaperonit,andthensubjectingbothsurfaceandpapertopressure,generallybymeansofaprintingpress.”，中文翻譯為：與在繪畫或繪畫中直接在一個(gè)表面上作畫不同，藝術(shù)家在一個(gè)主表面上作畫，主表面可以是一塊金屬板、一塊石頭、木頭、塑料或油氈。在這個(gè)主表面上，通過在表面上涂上油墨，在上面鋪上一張紙，然后用印刷機(jī)對(duì)表面和紙張進(jìn)行壓印，可以產(chǎn)生許多印痕。故判斷C選項(xiàng)“將原始圖像從一個(gè)表面轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)表面”正確。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“amastersurface”可以定位到原文第一段“Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.”，中文翻譯為：與在繪畫或繪畫中直接在一個(gè)表面上作畫不同，藝術(shù)家在一個(gè)主表面上作畫，主表面可以是一塊金屬板、一塊石頭、木頭、塑料或油氈。可知，B選項(xiàng)“一塊石頭”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作原則”可以定位到原文第一段“Aprintisanoriginalworkofartcreatedbyanindirectmethod.Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.”，中文翻譯為：版畫是一種間接創(chuàng)作的原創(chuàng)藝術(shù)作品。與在繪畫或繪畫中直接在一個(gè)表面上作畫不同，藝術(shù)家在一個(gè)主表面上作畫，主表面可以是一塊金屬板、一塊石頭、木頭、塑料或油氈。則A選項(xiàng)正確，排除。由B選項(xiàng)“線條、形狀或紋理的使用”可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“Printsincorporatethesamecompositionalprinciples,aspaintings.Line,shape,ortexturemaybethepredominantelementaccordingtotheprintingtechniqueused.”，中文翻譯為：版畫和繪畫一樣，包含同樣的構(gòu)圖原則。根據(jù)所使用的印刷技術(shù)，線條、形狀或紋理可能是主要元素?？芍狟選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由C選項(xiàng)“裝飾的

品質(zhì)”D選項(xiàng)“情緒的影響”可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“Someprintshaveobviousdecorativequalitieswhileothersmaybefilledwithemotionalimpact.”，中文翻譯為：一些版畫具有明顯的裝飾性，而另一些則可能充滿情感的沖擊。知C、D選項(xiàng)正確，排除。答案為B。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段中“Printsmadefromlinoleum,whichwearsreadily,willbefewerthanthosemadefromametalplate,whichiscapableofstrikingfine-qualityprintsinthethousands.”，中文翻譯為：油氈制成的印刷品很容易磨損，它比金屬板制成的印刷品要少，而金屬板能印出成千上萬張高質(zhì)量的印刷品。可以得知C選項(xiàng)“使打印速度更快”正確。

5.原試題即與3題重復(fù)。

17.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweektorevengethemselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retaliate

B.recover

C.repel

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)retaliate“報(bào)復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)recover“恢復(fù)；彌補(bǔ)；重新獲得”；C選項(xiàng)repel“擊退；抵制；使厭惡；使不愉快”；D選項(xiàng)defend“辯護(hù)；防護(hù)”。句意：目前狀態(tài)不佳的西班牙隊(duì)將在下周全力以赴，為去年的失利向德國隊(duì)報(bào)仇。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞revenge“報(bào)復(fù)；替……報(bào)仇；洗雪”，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensated

B.constructedwell

C.managedproperly

D.terminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)compensate“補(bǔ)償”；B選項(xiàng)constructwell“構(gòu)造得很好”；C選項(xiàng)manageproperly“妥善處理”；D選項(xiàng)terminate“使終止；使結(jié)束；解雇”。句意：在國內(nèi)，他們?cè)谵r(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)上的損失必須盡可能用更多的外國工人和戰(zhàn)俘來彌補(bǔ)。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞madegood“補(bǔ)償”，得知A為正確答案。

19.單選題

Diet-relateddiseasesalsocostsocietyintermsofdecreasedworkproductivity,increasedabsenteeism,poorerschoolperformance,andreducedfitnessonthepartofmilitary______,amongothernegativeeffects.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recruits

B.reengineering

C.weapon

D.scene

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)recruits“新兵；新成員”；B選項(xiàng)reengineering“企業(yè)再造；再造工程；重建”；C選項(xiàng)weapon“武器，兵器”；D選項(xiàng)scene“場(chǎng)面；情景；景象；事件”。句意：與飲食有關(guān)的疾病也對(duì)社會(huì)造成負(fù)面影響，如工作效率下降、曠工增多、學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)差、……身體素質(zhì)下降等。根據(jù)military（軍隊(duì)）以及fitness（身體素質(zhì)）可推測(cè)空白處應(yīng)該填“人”的單詞，因此B、C、D選項(xiàng)都可排除。A選項(xiàng)recruits（新兵）符合，結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

20.單選題

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resemble“類似”；B選項(xiàng)share“共用”；C選項(xiàng)contrast“對(duì)比；對(duì)照；顯出明顯的差異”；D選項(xiàng)differ“不同”。句意：人類交流研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征。這里是說動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征，由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查非限定性定語從句。A選項(xiàng)“what”以及B選項(xiàng)“that”不能引導(dǎo)非限定制性定語從句，故排除A，B選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D“ones”只能作為代詞，不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，故排除。因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

3.考查上下文語義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assumed“假設(shè)；（承擔(dān)）責(zé)任”；B選項(xiàng)guessed“猜想”；C選項(xiàng)justified“調(diào)整；證明……正當(dāng)”；D選項(xiàng)reasoned“說服”。上文說到研究者對(duì)動(dòng)物交流的研究就在我們理解人類交流方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用，可推測(cè)此處應(yīng)填研究者的推論，B選項(xiàng)guess指的是毫無根據(jù)僅憑個(gè)人主觀臆斷，可排除，由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)animal’s“動(dòng)物，動(dòng)物世界；牲畜”；B選項(xiàng)humane“仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C選項(xiàng)humanity“人道；仁慈；人文學(xué)科”；D選項(xiàng)human“人類”。中文翻譯為：我們猜想我們是獨(dú)一無二的人類，判斷出此處D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bond“紐帶”；B選項(xiàng)ties“結(jié)”；C選項(xiàng)affection“喜愛，感情；影響；感染”；D選項(xiàng)joint“關(guān)節(jié)；接縫”。句意：松鼠猴的母親和嬰兒之間的紐帶就像人類一樣。判斷出A項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)simulated“模擬的；模仿的；仿造的”；B選項(xiàng)located“處于，位于；坐落的”；C選項(xiàng)situated“位于……的；處于……境遇的”；D選項(xiàng)detected“檢測(cè)到的”。根據(jù)下文，themothercanfindherchild（媽媽能找到她的孩子）?？芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查連詞。A選項(xiàng)Inthisway“這樣；用這種方法”；B選項(xiàng)Thus“因此；從而；這樣；如此”；C選項(xiàng)Becauseofthis“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)”；D選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”。由上文“當(dāng)嬰兒與母親分開時(shí)，他們會(huì)發(fā)出響亮的、容易定位的、單獨(dú)可識(shí)別的聲音”的這種方式，可推測(cè)A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。A選項(xiàng)supply“供給，提供；補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)help“幫助”；C選項(xiàng)get“使得；獲得；受到；變成”；D選項(xiàng)serve“招待，供應(yīng)”。根據(jù)find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”，D選項(xiàng)“serve”所提供的服務(wù)是虛擬的，A選項(xiàng)“supply”所提供的服務(wù)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)Conversely“相反地”；B選項(xiàng)Likely“很可能；或許”；C選項(xiàng)Likewise“同樣地；也”；D選項(xiàng)Comparatively“比較地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍?。?lián)系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.（松鼠猴媽媽有自己的媽媽語），可知C項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)altered“改變，改動(dòng)，修改”；B選項(xiàng)modified“修改；更改”；C選項(xiàng)revised“修改；校訂；復(fù)習(xí)”；D選項(xiàng)adapted“使適應(yīng)，改編”。根據(jù)上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”（松鼠猴媽媽也有自己的媽媽語），下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.（以便與嬰兒交流），B選項(xiàng)modified強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)小的變化，常含“緩和”的意味，可排除，D選項(xiàng)adapted（適應(yīng)，改編）符合題意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Inresponsetothesignals,therobotarmsmakescribblesonwhitecanvaswiththreecoloredmarkersattachedtotheendofthearms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.images

B.scripts

C.scratches

D.characters

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)images“圖像；影像；肖像”；B選項(xiàng)scripts“原稿”；C選項(xiàng)scratches“刮傷；刮花”；D選項(xiàng)characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作為對(duì)信號(hào)的回應(yīng)，機(jī)器人手臂會(huì)在白色畫布上涂鴉，手臂末端有三個(gè)彩色標(biāo)記。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞markers“記號(hào)”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conscious“意識(shí)到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B選項(xiàng)doubtful“可疑的；