2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號90

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration—atasksomecomputersecurityconsultantssayisnearlyimpossible.Plansfortheprivatenetwork,calledGovnet,hingeonwhetherareliablenetworkinfrastructurecanbebuiltatanaffordableprice,officialssaid.Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds.RichardClarke,whowasappointedspecialadvisertothepresidentforcyberspacesecuritythisweek,saidhebelievesamorereliablesystemcanbebuilt.Ninetypercentofavailablefiber-opticspaceisunusedandfairlyinexpensivetoobtain,hesaid.

GovnetispartofaplanClarkeannouncedearlierthisweektosecureourcyberspacefromarangeofpossiblethreats,fromhackerstocriminalstoterroristgroups,toforeignnations,whichmightusecyber-waragainstusinthefuture.GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment’splan.TherequestfromtheGeneralServicesAdministrationasksthattelecommunicationscompaniessubmitproposalsabouthowthenetworkcouldbebuilt,howmuchitwouldcost,andhowlongitwouldtaketoconstruct.

Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses.ThesystemwasalsoroughedupbytheCodeRedcomputerwormandanattackprogramcalled“ILoveYou'.Thevirusesaffectedthousandsofgovernmentcomputers.LastyearareportbytheGeneralAccountingOffice,aninternalgovernmentwatchdog,foundweaknessesinthecomputernetworkthatcouldallowterroristsorhackerstoseverelydamageordisruptnationaldefenseorvitalpublicoperationsorstealsensitivedata.Clarkesaidthegovernment’scurrentvirtualprivatenetworkisvulnerabletovirusesanddenial-of-serviceattacksthatwouldmakeitmoredifficulttoexecuteGovnet.

Aninternalnetwork,suchastheGovnetproposal,isworthinvestigatingbutwillprobablyfalltosophisticatedhackers,saidAmitYoran.chiefexecutiveofthesecurity-servicescompanyRiptechInc.andaformerinformation-securityprogramdirectorattheDefenseDepartment."Itisprobablymorefeasibletoimplementandstronglyenforceglobalsecurityposturesandpracticesratherthangooutandpurchasenewassets.”Yoransaid.“Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks.Someonewillgetin.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisGovnet?

2.ItisimpliedthatsomecomputerconsultantsconsiderGovnettobealmostimpossiblebecause（）.

3.BywhatmeanswillGovnetrealizetheenhancementofthegovernment’scyber-security?

4.WhatAmitYoransaidamountstodenying（）.

5.Theinitiativeforconstructinganinternalnetworkstemsfrom（）.

問題1選項

A.Areliablenetworkinfrastructurethatcanbebuiltatanaffordableprice.

B.Agovernmentcomputernetworkthatmayproveimmunetopenetration.

C.Anationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedbythegovernment.

D.Aprivatenationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedagainstoutsideinvasion.

問題2選項

A.aconsiderablecostwillberequired

B.thereisn’tareliablenetworkinfrastructureyet

C.itistotallydifferentfromtheInternet

D.notelecommunicationscompanycanaffordit

問題3選項

A.Bysteppingupitsvirus-killingsoftware.

B.Byscanningforvirusesandattacksconstantly.

C.BysecludingitselffromtheInternet.

D.Byestablishinganinternalwatchdogcommittee.

問題4選項

A.thefeasibilityofbuildingasecurityprogram

B.theefficiencyofthepresentnetworkincounteringoutsideattacks

C.theconceivedsecurityofGovnet

D.thepossibilityofenhancingthesecurityofthegovernmentnetwork

問題5選項

A.thevulnerabilityofthepresentnetworktooutsideattacks

B.theimprovementinnetworksecuritytechnology

C.thedesiretobuildastrongernationaldefensesystem

D.theproposalssubmittedbytelecommunicationscompanies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。Govnet的意思可參考首句:Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration(政府新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全官員昨天要求電信公司幫助建立一個不會受到外來入侵威脅的政府計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò))。由此可知，B項“一個可能證明免于侵入的政府計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds(計算機系統(tǒng)顧問們稱，由于政府的巨大規(guī)模和安全需要，所以他們無法估算該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的花費)。由此可知A項“需要相當大的花費”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment'splan(根據(jù)政府的計劃，Govnet將完全獨立于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以幫助抵御黑客和病毒)。由此可知C項“通過讓自身與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)隔離開”正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位至最后一段Yoran所說:Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks(一旦有人能夠進入，那么他們將會找到一個薄弱的連接。當你有一個政府網(wǎng)絡(luò)大小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)時，這里將會有薄弱的連接)。因此，選C項“(Yoran所說的等于否定了)設(shè)想的政府網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全性”。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意為:構(gòu)建內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)的倡議來自于…。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses(今年，現(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)被黑客、計算機蠕蟲和病毒攻破過)。因此，A項“現(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)對外來攻擊的脆弱性”正確。

2.單選題

Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer（）withtherealityoftheirworld.

問題1選項

A.relevant

B.simultaneous

C.consistent

D.practical

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你必須要求學生給出真實的、與現(xiàn)實一致(符合現(xiàn)實)的答案。

考查形容詞辨析。relevant相關(guān)的，有價值的，常與介詞to搭配;simultaneous同時發(fā)生的；consistent一致的，常構(gòu)成短語beconsistentwith與…一致，與…共存的；practical實際的。題干中的介詞是with，因此C項符合句意跟搭配。

3.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwater----cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

問題1選項

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

問題2選項

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

問題3選項

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

問題4選項

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

問題5選項

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。第一句指出:Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind(幾個世紀前，人類就發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以通過除去食物中的水分來達到儲存的目的，并且最簡單的除去水分的方法就是將食物暴露于陽光和風下面)，因此C項“已經(jīng)知道幾個世紀了”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked(如果水分被除去，導致食物變質(zhì)的細菌的活動將會受阻)。因此D項“它們的活性會因為干燥而大大降低”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110'Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish(如今都采用機械化方式風干食物。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi)，在大約110攝氏度的入口溫度，大約43攝氏度的出口溫度下吹入熱空氣。這種風干方法通常用來風干像蔬菜、肉末以及魚之類的食物)。因此B項“熱空氣室”正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace(基于這些原因，它們對攀登者、探險者和戰(zhàn)場上的士兵來說是無價的，因為他們幾乎沒有存儲空間)。因此答案為B項“供士兵和登山者使用”。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出了原因:Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem(它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因為烹飪這些風干了的食物只需要花很少的時間)。因此A項“很快就可以做好”正確。

4.單選題

Althoughhehashadnoformaleducation,heisoneofthe（）businessmeninthecompany.

問題1選項

A.shrewdest

B.sternest

C.nastiest

D.alertest

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管他沒有接受過正規(guī)的教育，但是他是這家公司里最精明的商人之一。

考查形容詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)形容詞的最高級。shrewdest最精明的；最狡猾的；sternest最嚴厲的;最堅定的；nastiest最討厭的：最下流的：alertest最警覺的。根據(jù)前半句句意可知A項符合句意。

5.單選題

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

問題3選項

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

問題4選項

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

問題5選項

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個部分，第一個部分講述的是民間文化社會的特點，第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會的特點，第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時代的如今，大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項A：二十年的現(xiàn)代社會；選項B:工業(yè)技術(shù)的影響；選項D：加拿大和美國的勞動專業(yè)化，以上選項均與原文不符。選項C:“民俗化”社會與“大眾化”社會的特征“為正確選項。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無上的，很少有改變，而且變化很慢。很少有專門的勞動分工?！庇纱丝芍x項B“社會變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符，為正確選項，而選項A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是關(guān)于美國和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國和加拿大等工業(yè)化國家，一成不變的民間文化已經(jīng)不復存在?！笨梢酝茢喑鰞蓚€國家的文化均已大眾流行化，由此可知B選項“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符，因此B為正確選項。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作為Mennonite信仰的一種，提供了維持秩序的主要機制?！庇纱丝芍狣選項“宗教”為正確選項，選項A、B、C均與題意不符。

第5題:事實細節(jié)題。選項A：容忍各種宗教活動。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此錯誤。選項B：個人主義和競爭很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以為錯誤選項。選項D：每個人發(fā)展一項專門技能，明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項C：現(xiàn)代以前的技術(shù)更受喜歡，與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地區(qū)，輕便馬車仍然是當?shù)氐慕煌üぞ撸磐絺儾辉试S擁有汽車。”相符，因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Itwasfeltthathelackedthe（）topursueadifficulttasktotheveryend.

問題1選項

A.petition

B.engagement

C.commitment

D.qualification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項A：petition“請愿，祈求,[法]訴狀”；選項B：engagement“婚約，約會,交戰(zhàn),諾言”；選項C：commitment“獻身,承諾”;選項D:qualification“資格，條件,賦予資格”。由題意可知本題選項C更切合題意，正確。句意：有人認為，他缺乏將一項困難的任務(wù)堅持到底的奉獻精神。

7.單選題

Ifyouplanttwoappletreesinonesquareyardofland,andthetrees'productivity（）decline.

問題1選項

A.isboundto

B.isdeterminedto

C.isunlikelyto

D.isrelatedto

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果你在一平方米的土地上種兩棵蘋果樹，那么樹的產(chǎn)能肯定會下降。

考查短語辨析。isboundto必然，注定，勢必:isdeterminedto堅決，下決心做；isunlikelyto不可能的；isrelatedto與…有關(guān)。因此A符合句意。

8.單選題

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon'tyouhelpthemto（）thesituation?

問題1選項

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。選項A：simplify“簡化，使單純”;選項B:modify“修改”；選項C：verify“核實，查證”;選項D：rectify“矯正，改正”。rectify是指抽象意義上對于偏離正常軌道的矯正，因此與題意更切合，所以選項D正確。句意：如果你知道問題出在哪里，為什么不幫助他們扭轉(zhuǎn)局面呢?

9.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.由于生產(chǎn)這類產(chǎn)品需要大量的設(shè)備和高水平的技術(shù)，因此我們要尋求實力雄厚的大公司的合作，使樣品盡快轉(zhuǎn)化為商品。

2.二十世紀向二十一世紀的過渡時期，恰好為美國的教育事業(yè)提供了一個重溫歷史，重新對科學承擔義務(wù)的機會。

3.人們必須十分重視良好的飲食習慣，雖說正確的飲食習慣不能根除世界上的癌癥，但它有利于減少患癌癥的風險。

4.雖然主要是母親決定了配偶中吸引我們的品質(zhì)，但卻是父親影響我們?nèi)绾闻c異性接觸。

5.我們現(xiàn)在必須擺脫頭腦中的一個觀念，即認為唯有在工作中“晉升”才是獲得認可和更高收入的方向。

【答案】1.Sincetheproductionofsuchproductsrequiresalargeamountofequipmentandhighleveloftechnology,weshouldlookforbigandstrongcompaniestoworkwithustocommercializethespecimenasearlyaspossible.

2.ItisagoodopportunityfortheUnitedStatestoreviewhistoryandregainscientificdutyduringthetransitionfrom20thcenturyto21stcentury.

3.Peoplemustpaygreatattentiontogoodeatinghabits.Althoughtherightdietwillnoteradicatecancerintheworld,itcanhelpreducetheriskofcancer.

4.Whileitisprimarilythemotherwhodeterminesthequalitiesthatattractusinamate,itisthefatherwhoinfluenceshowweinteractwiththeoppositesex.

5.Wemustnowgetridoftheideathat"promotion"atworkisawaytoobtainrecognitionandhigherpay.

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.由于沒有具體證據(jù)可供利用，為探尋戲劇的起源，人們首先只能憑推測。

2.對于很多人而言，羅馬至多不過是對希臘更大規(guī)模地模仿和延續(xù)，希臘是發(fā)明者，而羅馬則是研究和發(fā)展的分支。

3.大多數(shù)時候，僅僅是因為無法核實身份，這些惹是生非的個體躲在一個個假名字后面，保護自己不受其行為的影響。

4.園林不只是房屋的補充。園林滿足了更高層次的生活需求，而這種功能只有藝術(shù)才能實現(xiàn)。

5.更進一步說，也有人認為這個問題與樂觀與悲觀的爭論無關(guān)，我們必須轉(zhuǎn)變看待和思考問題的方式。

【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.

2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.

3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.

4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.

5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.

11.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問題1選項

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你的建議對他非常有價值，因為他現(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么。

考查副詞辨析。exceedingly極其，非常，特別；excessively過分地，極度；extensively廣―闊地，廣大地：exclusively唯一地，獨占地。后面從句說到:因為他現(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么，因此前面應(yīng)該在說“你的建議對他非常有價值”。

12.單選題

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

問題2選項

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

問題3選項

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

問題4選項

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

問題5選項

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。A:Visionics公司生產(chǎn)了最好的人臉識別軟件來增強機場的安全性。B:Visionics的股票價格上漲。C:機場對軟件很滿意。D:Visionics的軟件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，領(lǐng)先的制造商Visionics發(fā)布了一份情況說明書，解釋其技術(shù)如何增強機場安全)。但并不能證明A項跟D項正確。第三句說到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股價飛漲)。因此B項正確。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的機場開始安裝該軟件并進行測試)。但這并不能說明C項正確。因此答案為B。

第2題:判斷推理題。第二段意思為:然而，伴隨軟件試用結(jié)果出現(xiàn)，該軟件的光彩逐漸消逝，無論你或許對面部識別軟件聽說過什么，Visionics這家大公司的面部識別軟件都不如宣傳的那樣好。因此C項“該軟件結(jié)果是無效率的”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干問的是:根據(jù)美國國防部的說法，這個系統(tǒng)的致命缺點是什么?A:太多假警報被拉響。B:每個人都要直視鏡頭。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在機場被發(fā)現(xiàn)。D:每個人都應(yīng)該偽裝自己。可定位至第三段。第二句指出:Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(這些測試發(fā)現(xiàn)，要在機場抓獲90%的嫌疑人，人臉識別軟件必須發(fā)出大量虛假警報)。因此A項正確，C項不正確。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三個人中就有一個被拖拉出候機的隊伍，而這種比例是基于每個人都直視鏡頭且不做任何努力掩飾自己的情況)。由此可知B項跟D項只是文中提及的實驗的條件，而非致命缺點。

第4題:判斷推理題。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(問題在于從現(xiàn)場監(jiān)控提取的嫌疑犯的臉紋不可能與數(shù)據(jù)庫里的每一個細節(jié)相匹配)。因此，使得人臉識別系統(tǒng)難以有效工作的原因是B項“電腦里的面紋從不與真人的面紋完全相同”。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控訴和反控訴之后，盡管沒有一個人能識別真相，但是該行業(yè)或許很快不得不面對現(xiàn)實)。由此可知B項“該行業(yè)應(yīng)該認清現(xiàn)實，改善技術(shù)”正確。

13.單選題

Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewas（）intropicalcountries.

問題1選項

A.prospective

B.prevalent

C.provocative

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一些研究證實這種眼病在熱帶國家是普遍的。

考查形容詞辨析。prospective未來的;預期的;prevalent流行的；普遍的；provocative刺激的，挑撥的；氣人的；perpetual永久的；不斷的。空格處形容詞的主語是eyedisease(眼病)，因此B符合句意。

14.單選題

Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablethingdependingtoalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolortoothercolorsseensimultaneously.Itisnotfixedinitsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhichcreatesit.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgiverisetocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolors,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier.

Whentheeyeisfixedonacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthesensitivityoftheeyetocolorinandaroundtheareaviewed.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotimmediatelyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthegazeisshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,atleastforafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceoveraverybrieftimeiftheadaptingsourceismoderately,brightandtheeyehasbeeninrelativedarknessjustpreviously.Asthestimulusisallowedtoact,however,theeffectbecomesmorepersistentinthesensethatittakestheeyelongertoregainitssensitivitytolowerintensities.Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond.Theeffectnotonlyispresentoverthemutualareacausingthe“l(fā)ocaladaptation”butalsospreadswithdecreasingstrengthtoadjoiningareasoftheeyetoproduce“l(fā)ateraladaptation”.Also,becauseofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecomeuniform