2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號15

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

問題1選項

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下，當他的三個高級內閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進行抗議，這對這位首相的打擊有多大。’可知這里應選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關系的動詞。A選項revolve“旋轉”;B選項resolve“解決”；C選項revive“使復活，使恢復”;D選項revolt“反叛，起義”。D選項的revolted與protest相對應，D選項正確。

2.單選題

Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.outofthequestion

B.withinquestion

C.withoutquestion

D.outofquestion

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語辨析題。A選項outofthequestion“不可能的”B選項;withinquestion“在….的問題”；C選項withoutquestion“毫無疑問，確鑿無疑”，用作副詞；D選項outofquestion“毫無疑問”，用作副詞。根據(jù)句意‘在兩個黨派之間如此的對抗之后，任何和解都將是不可能的?！挥蠥選項可以用作形容詞作be的表語，正確。

3.單選題

Oneofthemostalarmingthingsaboutthecrisisintheglobalfinancialsystemisthatthewarningsignshavebeenoutthereforsometime,yetnooneheededthem.Exactly10yearsago,ahedgefundcalledLong-TermCapitalManagement(LTCM)failedtoconvinceinvestorsthatitcouldrepayitsdebts,therebybringingtheworldtothebrinkofasimilar“l(fā)iquiditycrisis”totheonewenowsee.Disasterwasavertedthenonlybecauseregulatorsmanagedtoputtogetheramulti-billion-dollarbailoutpackage.

LTCM’scollapsewasparticularlynotablebecauseitsfoundershadsetgreatstorebytheiruseofstatisticalmodelsdesignedtokeeptabsontherisksinherentintheirinvestments.Itsfallshouldhavebeenawake-upcalltobanksandtheirregulatorysupervisorsthatthemodelswerenotworkingaswellashoped-inparticularthattheywereignoringtherisksofextremeeventsandtheconnectionsthatsendsucheventsreverberatingaroundthefinancialsystem.Instead,theycarriedonusingthem?

Nowthatdisasterhasstruckagain,somefinancialriskmodelers-the"quant’s"whohavewieldedsomuchinfluenceovermodembanking-aresayingtheyknowwherethegapsintheirknowledgeareandarepromisingtofillthem.Shouldwetrustthem?

Theirtrackrecorddoesnotinspireconfidence.Statisticalmodelshaveprovedalmostuselessatpredictingthekillerrisksforindividualbanks,andworsethanuselesswhenitcomestoriskstothefinancialsystemasawhole.Themodelsencouragedbankerstothinktheywereplayingahigh-stakescardgame,whenwhattheywereactuallydoingwasmoreakintolininguparowofdominoes.

Howcouldsomanysmartpeoplehavegottenitsowrong?Onereasonisthattheirfaithintheirmodel’spredictivepowerledthemtoignorewhatwashappeningintherealworld.Financeoffersenormousscopefordissembling:almostanyfailurecanbeexplainedawaybyajudiciouschoiceoflanguageanddata.Wheninvestorsdonotbehaveliketheself-interestedhomoeconomicsthateconomistssupposethemtobe,theyaredescribedasbeing"irrationallyexuberant"orblindedbypanic.Analternativeview-thatinvestorsarereactinglogicallyinthefaceofuncertainty-israrelyconsidered.Similarly,extremeeventsaredescribedashappeningonly"onceinacentury"-eventhoughthereisinsufficientdataonwhichtobasesuchanassessment.

Thequant’s'modelsmightsuccessfullypredictthemovementofmarketsmostofthetime,butthebankerswhorelyonthemhavefailedtorealizethattheoccasionsonwhichthemarketsdeviatefromnormalityaremuchmoreimportantthanthosewhentheycomply.Theeventsofthepastyearhavedriventhishomeinaspectacularfashion:bysomeestimates,thebankingindustryhaslostmoremoneyinthecurrentcrisisthanithasmadeinitsentirehistory.

1.Whathappenedadecadeagointhefinancialworld（

）.

2.ThestatisticalmodelsusedbyLTCM

（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemajorcauseofthecurrentfinancialcrisis?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatriskcontrolofthefinancialmarket（

）.

問題1選項

A.wasapredictoroftoday’ssituation

B.has,asamatteroffact,repeateditself

C.resultedfrominvestors'ignoranceofpotentialdanger

D.showedthenecessityofgovernmentintervention

問題2選項

A.hadaninfluenceontheentirefinancialsector

B.onlydealtwithriskswithinthescopeofthefund

C.wereappliedtodifferentfinancialoperations

D.hadinherentflawsknowntotheirusers

問題3選項

A.Thedecision-makerswerenotawareoftheriskofextremeevents.

B.Designersofthemechanismstopreventfinancialdisasterswereself-absorbed.

C.Relyingonthestatisticalmodels,bankerswereboldintheirbusinessoperations.

D.Riskmanagersfailedtoseetheweaknessinthesystemintime.

問題4選項

A.shouldbefocusedonunexpectedchanges

B.hasbeensupervisedbythosewhoareoptimistic

C.becomeseffectiveonlywithbank'scompliancewithgeneralmarketrules

D.isinadequateifitisonlydesignedforwhatmayhappeninahundredyears

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘十年前在金融界發(fā)生的事情怎樣？’根據(jù)第一段第一句“Oneofthemostalarmingthingsaboutthecrisisintheglobalfinancialsystemisthatthewarningsignshavebeenoutthereforsometime,yetnooneheededthem.全球金融體系危機最令人擔憂的事情之一是，警告信號已經出現(xiàn)了一段時間，但沒有人注意到它們?！焙偷谌蔚谝痪洹癗owthatdisasterhasstruckagain現(xiàn)在災難又來了”。確定A選項“是今天情況的預兆”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘LTCM使用的數(shù)據(jù)模型怎么了？’根據(jù)第二段中“LTCM’scollapsewasparticularlynotablebecauseitsfoundershadsetgreatstorebytheiruseofstatisticalmodelsdesignedtokeeptabsontherisksinherentintheirinvestments.LTCM的倒閉尤其引人注目，因為它的創(chuàng)始人非常重視使用統(tǒng)計模型來跟蹤他們投資中所固有的風險?！笨芍麄冏⒅赜谧约旱耐顿Y中固有的風險，所以B選項“只處理基金范圍內的風險”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘作者認為導致當前經濟危機的主要原因是什么？’根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Onereasonisthattheirfaithintheirmodel'spredictivepowerledthemtoignorewhatwashappeningintherealworld.原因之一是，他們對模型預測能力的信心導致他們忽視了現(xiàn)實世界中發(fā)生的事情。”可知他們過于信賴這個模型導致這一后果，所以C選項“因為依賴統(tǒng)計模型，銀行家在他們的商業(yè)運作中很大膽”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘從文章中可以推斷出，金融市場的風險控制怎樣？’根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Thequant’s'modelsmightsuccessfullypredictthemovementofmarketsmostofthetime,butthebankerswhorelyonthemhavefailedtorealizethattheoccasionsonwhichthemarketsdeviatefromnormalityaremuchmoreimportantthanthosewhentheycomply.定量分析師的模型可能在大多數(shù)情況下都能成功預測市場的走勢，但依賴模型的銀行家們卻沒有意識到，市場偏離常態(tài)的情況要比市場順應常態(tài)的情況重要得多?！贝_定C選項“只有在銀行服從一般市場規(guī)則的情況下才有效”正確。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind:itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanations.Thedifferencebetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistbymeansofhisbalanceisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking,butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthattheformer.

Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionofacomplextrainofreasoning,oftheverysamekind,thoughdifferingindegree,asthatwhichascientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnaturalphenomena.

【答案】科學研究的方法不過是人類思維運作的必要模式的表現(xiàn)：它只不過是對一切現(xiàn)象進行推理并給予精確和準確解釋的方式。用普通的天平稱貨物的面包師與用精密天平的化學家在操作與方法上的區(qū)別，并不是面包師的天平與化學家的天平在構造上和工作原理上的不同，而只是后者是比前者精密得多的儀器，當然也能得出比前者更準確的結果。

大概，這里不會有人一整天都沒有機會進行一連串復雜的思考活動。這些思考活動與科學家在探索自然現(xiàn)象原因時所經歷的思考活動，盡管復雜程度不同，但在類型上卻是完全一樣的。

5.單選題

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanewildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune'slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem'soddestplanet.Yesterday,however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.Thescientistspositthatlargerrocksmustbeoutthere,perhapsevenlargerthanPluto,meaningPlutoismorelikelythekingofthisdistantrealmofspacedetritusthanthetiniestofthenineplanets.

Whendiscoveredin1930,’’Plutoatthatpointwastheonlything(thatfar)outthere,sotherewasnothingelsetocallitbutaplanet,"saysMikeBrown,anastronomerattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.“Nowitjustdoesn'tfit.”Inonesense,thequestionofPluto’splanetarystatusisarcane,theprovinceofpocket-protectedscientistsandsun-deprivedpenpushersdeterminedtodecidesomeofficialdesignationforaballofdustandice3billionmilesaway.

Yetitisalsounquestionablysomethingmore.Fromsciencefairdioramastogovernmentfunding,planetsholdaspecialplaceinthepublicimagination,andhowPlutoiseventuallyseen—bykidsandCongressalike—couldshapewhatfuturegenerationslearnaboutthismysteriousoutpostontheedgeofthesolarsystem.Thedebatehasspilttheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto'sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.

Elsewhere,thesolarsystemfitintonearfamilies:therockyinnerplanets,theasteroidbelt,thehugeandgaseousouterplanets.Pluto,though,waspeculiar.WiththediscoveryoftheKuiperBelt~countlessbitsofrockandiceleftunusedwhenthewheelofthesolarsystemfirstformed—Plutosuddenlyseemedtohavecousins.Yetuntilyesterday,itheldtoitsplanetarydistinctionbecauseitwasfarlargerthananythinglocatedthere.

TherubnowisQuaoar(pronouncedKWAH-oar),1billionmilesbeyondPlutoandroughlyhalfaslarge.NamedafterthecreationforceofthetribethatoriginallyinhabitedtheLosAngelesbasin,Quaoarforecastsproblemsfortheerstwhileninthplanet,saysdiscovererDr.Brown:"ThecaseisgoingtogetalothardertodefendthedaysomebodyfindssomethinglargerthanPluto."

Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof"planet".Inshort,thereisnone.TotheGreeks,whocoinedtheterm,itmeant’wanderer”,describingthewaythattheplanetsmovedacrossthenightskydifferentlyfromthestarsbehindthem.Today,withourmorenuancedunderstandingoftheuniverse,thewordnolongerhasmuchscientificmeaning.

NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsagobysupposedlydemotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.“Inreality,however,theplanetariumwasmakingamuchbroaderstatement，’’saysNellDegrasseTyson,anastrophysicistthere.Thetextbooksofthefutureshouldfocusmoreonfamiliesoflikeobjectsthan”planets，’.ThediscoveryofQuaoarstrengthensthisidea:"Everyoneneedstorethinkthestructureofoursolarsystem,"hesays,“We'vejuststoppedcountingplanets."

Still,manyareloathtopartwiththeplanetPluto.TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.Ithasathinatmosphere,forone.Itreflectsagreatdealoflight,whilemostKuiperBeltobjectsareverydark.AndunlikeallbutahandfulofknownKuiperBeltobjects,ithasamoon.”MaybePluto,then,shouldberepresentativeofanewclassofplanets,"saysMarkSykes,anastronomerattheUniversityofArizonainTucson,nIt*sthefirstexample,andwearejustbeginningtofindthiscategory?'

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.FromwhenwasPlutoseriouslyquestionedaboutitsplanetarystatus?

3.Thesentence"Inshort,thereisnone."(Para.7)canbeparaphrasedaswhichofthefollowing?

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTsupportthestatementthatPlutoisour”solarsystem’soddestplanet”?

5.Theword’’commotion”intheexpression"NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsago”(Para.8)canbereplacedby（

）.

問題1選項

A.RockslargerthanPlutohavebeenfoundintheKuiperBelt

B.TheKuiperBeltdidnotexistwhenPlutowasfirstdiscovered

C.TheastronomersaredividedwithregardtothestatusofPluto

D.ThereisalmostnodifferencebetweenPlutoandotherKuiperBeltobject

問題2選項

A.Asearlyas1930.

B.Morethanadecadeago.

C.WhentheKuiperBeltwasdiscovered.

D.WhenQuaoarwasdiscovered.

問題3選項

A.ThereisnoproblemwithPluto'splanetarystatus

B.ThereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenPlutoandotherplanets.

C.Thereisyetnoscientificdefinitionoftheterm"planet*'.

D.Thereisnocleardistinctionbetweenplanetsandstars.

問題4選項

A.Itsorbitistoooval.

B.Itisunusuallysmall.

C.Itisfarthestfromthesun.

D.Itmainlyconsistsofdustandice.

問題5選項

A.exchangeofopinions

B.wildimagination

C.thoroughinvestigation

D.agitatedconfusion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)短文，下列哪個選項是正確的?’。A選項“在柯伊伯帶已發(fā)現(xiàn)比冥王星更大的巖石”和B選項“在冥王星被首次發(fā)現(xiàn)時，柯伊伯帶是不存在的”在文中沒有提及，排除；由最后一段第二句“TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.他們注意到冥王星實際上不同于許多柯伊伯帶的天體?！贝_定D選項“冥王星與其它柯伊伯帶物體之間幾乎沒有差異”錯誤。由第三段第二句“Inonesense,thequestionofPluto'splanetarystatusisarcane,在某種意義上，冥王星的行星地位問題是晦澀難解的”和第四段中“Thedebatehasspilttheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.十年來，這個爭論一直困擾著天文學界，讓天文學界分成了持不同觀點的派系。”確定C選項“關于冥王星的地位，天文學家們出現(xiàn)了分歧”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘冥王星的行星地位從什么時候開始受到嚴肅的質疑?’。

文章第一段第一句“Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.自從發(fā)現(xiàn)它以后，冥王星事實上一直未能融入太陽系?！备鶕?jù)第二段第二句“Yesterday,however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPluto…然而，昨天，科學家們發(fā)布了可能是迄今為止最令人信服的證據(jù)，證明冥王星實際上根本不是一顆行星。天文學家們第一次觀測到冥王星以外的巖石帶?！焙偷谒亩巫詈笠痪洹癊venbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto'sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.甚至在遙遠的柯伊伯帶被發(fā)現(xiàn)之前，冥王星的異常行為就已經讓人產生了懷疑?！?，確定C選項“當凱伯帶被發(fā)現(xiàn)時”符合題意，正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘他說:“簡而言之，沒有。”(第7段)可改述為下列哪一項?’，所以答案在第七段。由第七段第一句“Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof’’planet’.在一些人看來，這個問題（即冥王星是否是行星的問題）與冥王星無關，而是與對‘行星’的定義有關?！薄⒌谄叨蔚诙洹癟otheGreeks,whocoinedtheterm,itmeant'wanderer",describingthewaythattheplanetsmovedacrossthenightskydifferentlyfromthestarsbehindthem.對于創(chuàng)造了“漫游者”一詞的希臘人來說，它的意思是“漫游者”，描述行星在夜空中移動的方式與它們背后的恒星不同。”及第七段最后一句“Today,withourmorenuancedunderstandingoftheuniverse,thewordnolongerhasmuchscientificmeaning.今天，隨著我們對宇宙更加細致入微的理解，這個詞不再有太多的科學意義?！贝_定C選項“對術語‘行星’仍沒有科學定義”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘下面哪個選項不支持冥王星是我們“太陽系中最奇怪的行星”的說法?’。由第一段第二句“AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune，itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystem...蒼白,發(fā)光的巨頭海王星之后,它只不過是一個宇宙塵螨，橫掃最遠到達太陽系的……”確定B選項“它非常小”和C選項“它離太陽最遠”與原文一致；由第一段最后一句“thearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor'spath.它的軌道呈橢圓形，偶爾會穿過它巨大的藍色鄰居的軌道?！贝_定A選項“它的軌道是很橢圓形的”與原文一致；所以用排除法，確定D選項“它主要地由塵埃和冰構成”符合題意。

5.詞匯題。題干詢問‘“紐約的海登天文館在兩年前引起了一場騷亂”(第8段)中的“騷動”一詞可以被替換為…’。由第八段第一句“supposedlydemotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.據(jù)推測，冥王星將被降級，并與柯伊伯帶的巨大移動星系中的物體放在一起?！焙偷诰哦蔚谝痪洹癝till,manyareloathtopartwiththeplanetPluto.盡管如此，許多人還是不愿與冥王星分離?！贝_定D選項“公開爭論不休的混淆”符合語境，正確。

6.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeactInnovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBachinstrikingoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby(

).

2.WhyisBeethovenratedamonghighlycreativeartists,fromtheauthor’spointofview?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployincollectingdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

問題2選項

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatranslationbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

問題3選項

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

問題4選項

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmodecomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmodemcomposerslikeBelaBartokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。本題詢問在從事藝術創(chuàng)作和自然科學之間的差別。根據(jù)原文“Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.極富創(chuàng)意的藝術和極具創(chuàng)意的科學之間的差異來自于自己的目標的差異。對于科學，新理論是創(chuàng)造性行為的目的和歸宿?！笨芍獌烧咧g的差異是在它們的目的不同，A選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段內容"IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.有關貝多芬，人們稱他推翻了種種規(guī)則，將音樂從傳統(tǒng)的令人窒息的范圍中解放出來。然而，對他音樂作品一番細致的研究會揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實質上，他是一個無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨特方式利用各種局限從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)?？芍狣選項‘他綜合了新舊音樂形式之間的轉換’正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句“Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.高度創(chuàng)造的藝術活動所創(chuàng)造的，不是一種全新的、超越既已確立之局限的普遍性原則，而是一種美學上的獨特之物。由高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術家所創(chuàng)造的美學上的獨特事物，以一種富予創(chuàng)新的方式，拓寬或利用既存形式的局限，而不是超越那種形式本身?！笨芍?，這種科學方面的原始貢獻是具有創(chuàng)新性的東西，所以D選項“生成一種新穎的、有根據(jù)的概括”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內容“ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.”“然而，對他音樂作品一番細致的研究會揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實質上，他是一個無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨特方式利用各種局限——即他從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)。以及本段中的論點：從另一方面來說，莫扎特的《費加羅的婚禮》無疑屬于音樂的典范之作，雖然其樸素的創(chuàng)新僅限于將既存的創(chuàng)作手法予以拓展而已。”可知最后一句提到了從這些前輩繼承而來的各種規(guī)則和傳統(tǒng)，因此A選項“通過同樣的方法，這些模板作曲家成功地建立了音樂的規(guī)則”符合題意。

7.單選題

Theearthquakeof26thDecember,2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.Itwasa（1）underwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.It（2）coastlines,communitiesandbroughtdeathtoomanypeople.

Whydoearthquakeshappen?

Thesurfaceoftheearthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismoving（3）(althoughveryslowly)andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisone

（4）

ofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheearth(tectonicplate)

（5）

another.Scientistscanpredictwherebutnot

（6）thismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.OnonefaultlineinKobe,Japanin1923over200,000peoplewerekilled.

（7）

,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonfaultlines,

（8）iswhytheyaresodangerousand

（9）

.

Wheredovolcanoeshappen?

Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth’s

（10）

isthin:lava,dustandgases（11）frombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoahugeconeshapelikeamountainanderupt,

（12）theycanbesoviolent

（13）

theyjustexplodedirectlyfromtheearthwithnowarning.Thereare1,511（14）volcanoesintheworld.Thismeansthattheymay

（15）BEDANGEROUS.In1985theColombianvolcanoNevadoDelRuizerupted.Thelavameltedaglacierandsenttonesofmud

（16）thetownbelow.Twentythousandpeopledied.

Naturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptionsarcoftenunpredictable.Weregularlydonotknowwhenthey

（17）happen,or

（18）wheretheywillhappen.Inthefuture,scientistsmaybeabletowatchandpredict

（19）beforetheyhappen.Thiscould（20）manylives.

問題1選項

A.massive

B.significant

C.great

D.grand

問題2選項

A.changed

B.converted

C.destroyed

D.transformed

問題3選項

A.frequently

B.periodically

C.regularly

D.continuously

問題4選項

A.source

B.cause

C.movement

D.reason

問題5選項

A.collideswith

B.confrontswith

C.meetswith

D.faceswith

問題6選項

A.how

B.why

C.when

D.what

問題7選項

A.Generally

B.However

C.Similarly

D.Anyway

問題8選項

A.which

B.it

C.this

D.that

問題9選項

A.irresistible

B.inevitable

C.unaccountable

D.unpredictable

問題10選項

A.surface

B.appearance

C.crust

D.cover

問題11選項

A.burstout

B.flowedout

C.leakedout

D.trickledout

問題12選項

A.and

B.or

C.nor

D.but

問題13選項

A.like

B.for

C.as

D.that

問題14選項

A.living

B.alive

C.active

D.live

問題15選項

A.relatively

B.still

C.hardly

D.gradually

問題16選項

A.beyond

B.on

C.across

D.down

問題17選項

A.might

B.should

C.must

D.areto

問題18選項

A.though

B.whether

C.even

D.else

問題19選項

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.occasions

D.events

問題20選項

A.rescue

B.save

C.preserve

D.shelter

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】（1）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項massive“大而重的，巨大的”；B選項significant“重要的，暗示的，有含義的”；C選項great“大的，巨大的，非常的，很多的”；D選項grand“壯觀的，神氣活現(xiàn)的，顯赫的”，根據(jù)句意可知這里是指“嚴重的災難”，A選項正確。

（2）動詞詞義辨析。A選項change“改變”；B選項convert“改變（某事物）的形式或用途”；C選項destroy“摧毀，毀壞”；D選項transform“完全改變某物外觀或特性”，本句句意為‘地震毀壞了海岸線、社區(qū)，給太多人帶來了死亡’。根據(jù)句意可知這里強調“摧毀，毀壞”，C選項正確。

（3）副詞詞義辨析。A選項frequently“頻繁地，屢次，時常”；B選項periodically“周期性地，偶爾，定期地”，C選項regularly“有規(guī)律地，經常地，習慣性地，定期地，整齊地,均勻地”；D選項continuously“連續(xù)不斷地，接連地”，句意‘地球表面一直以來都在“持續(xù)”運動，’D選項符合句意。

（4）名詞詞義辨析。A選項source“來源，根源”；B選項cause“原因，導致某事物發(fā)生的事物、人等”；C選項movement“運動”；D選項reason“理由，動機”，根據(jù)句意“地球表面的持續(xù)運動是導致地震的原因”，表示發(fā)生的客觀起因應該用cause，B選項正確。

（5）動詞短語詞義辨析。A選項collidewith“（指運動中的物體或人）猛撞某物或互撞”；B選項confrontwith“使某人面對或正視令人不快、令人頭疼等的人/事物”；C選項meetwith“碰見（某人），相逢；D選項"facewith“面對或面向某人/某事物”，由常識和句意‘地震是地殼的不同板塊“碰撞”所造成的，’A選項正確。

（6）疑問詞詞義辨析。A選項how“如何，多少，怎樣”；B選項why“為什么”；C選項when“何時，什么時候”；D選項what“什么”，由句意和語境‘科學家已經能分析出地震的原因和預測其發(fā)生的地點，只有時間無法確認?！疌選項正確。

（7）副詞詞義辨析。A選項generally“普遍地，一般來說”；B選項however“然而，不過，可是”；C選項similarly“同樣地，類似于”；D選項anyway“總之，無論如何”，此處與前一句形成轉折，說明地震不一定都發(fā)生在斷裂帶，因此地震很危險且難以預測。所以填表示轉折意思的副詞，B選項However更符合語境。

（8）非限制性定語從句的用法。句意為“然而，地震并不總發(fā)生在斷層線上，這就是為什么它們非常危險而且不可預測?！狈治鼍渥涌芍@是個為非限制性定語從句，先行詞指代前面的整句話，用which來引導非限制性定語從句，A選項正確。

（9）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項irresistible“不可抵抗的”；B選項inevitable“不可避免的”;C選項unaccountable“無法解釋的，難以說明的”；D選項unpredictable“無法預料的，不可預知的”，句意‘地震的不可預測大大増加它的危險性’，下文中也提到了這個詞。D選項正確。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。A選項surface“表面，表層”；B選項appearance“外貌，外觀”；C選項crust“地殼，外殼”；D選項cover“封面，遮掩物”，句意為“火山發(fā)生在地殼很薄弱的地方”。這里earth’scrust指的是“地殼”，C選項符合題意。

（11）動詞短語辨析。A選項burstout“爆炸，脹破，爆破”;B選項flowout“外流”；C選項leakout“（指情報）泄露，透露”;D選項trickleout“（使某物）成小股流動”，句意為“巖漿、灰塵和氣體從地底下噴發(fā)出來”，A選項表示爆發(fā)出來，正確。

（12）連詞詞義辨析。A選項and表示并列和順承關系；B選項or表示選擇或“否則”的意思；C選項nor不是；D選項but表示轉折關系的連詞，本句句意為“它們可以上升到像一座山一樣的一個巨大的錐形形狀并噴出，或者它們可以非常猛烈以至于毫無預警地直接在地球上爆炸”。分析句子可知，這里是描述火山噴發(fā)的兩種不同的狀態(tài)和表現(xiàn)，B選項正確。

（13）so...that...句型的用法。根據(jù)句意“它們可以上升到像一座山一樣的一個巨大的錐形形狀并噴出，或者它們可以非常猛烈以至于毫無預警地直接在地球上爆炸?！笨芍揪淇疾镾0+形容詞+that從句表示“如此……以至于……”，D選項正確。

（14）形容詞詞義和用法辨析。A選項living當形容詞講意為“活的，現(xiàn)存的，活躍的，逼真的”；B選項alive作形容詞意為“活著的，活潑的，有生氣的”；C選項active意為“積極的，活躍的，主動的，有效的”；D選項live作形容詞意為“活的，生動的，實況轉播的，精力充沛的”，句意為“現(xiàn)在世界上有1511座活火山”。這里強調