2021年自考《英美文學(xué)選讀》(英)浪漫主義時(shí)期：William sworth

2021年自考《英美文學(xué)選讀（英）WordsworthII.WilliamWordsworthlife&careerWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)wasbornatCambarland，inthefamilyofanattorney.HereceivededucationatSt.John’’sCambridge.Hedevelopedakeenloveofnatureasayouth.AnotherimportantinfluenceonhislifewastheFrenchRevolution.In1798Wordsworth&ColeridgecollaboratedonabookofpoemsentitledLyricalBalladsRobertSouthey，SamuelTaylorColerdge&Williamareknownasthe“LakePoets.”In1842，Wordsworthreceivedagovernmentpension&inthefollowingyearhesucceededSoutheyasPoetLaureate.WordsworthdiedatRydalApril1850.AsagreatRomanticpoet，Wordsworthhadalongpoeticcareer.HisLyricalBallads，writtentogetherwithColeridge，isgenerallyregardedasthesymbolofthebeginningoftheRomanticperiodinEngland.ThePreludeisrankedbymanycriticsashisgreatestwork.In1807PoemsinTwoVolumeswaspublished.TheExcursionwaspublishedin1814.識(shí)記：HispoeticoutlookWordsworthisregardedasa“worshipperofnature.”Hecanpenetratetotheheartofthings&givethereadertheverylifeofnature.“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”isperhapsthemostanthologizedpoeminEnglishliterature，&onethattakesustothecoreofWordsworth’’spoeticbeliefs.ToWordsworth，natureembodies，humanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstances.Itisnaturethatgiveshim“strength&knowledgefullofpeace.”CommonlifeisWordsworth’’sonlysubjectofliteraryinterest.Thejoys&sorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes.Hissympathyalwaysgoestothesufferingpoor.Wordsworthisapoetinmemoryofthepast.Tolifeisacyclicaljourney.Itsbeginningfinallyturnsouttobeitsend.Wordsworth’’sdeliberatesimplicity&refusaltodecoratethetruthofexperienceproducedakindofpure&profoundpoetrywhichnootherpoetshaseverequaled.Poetry，hebelievesoriginatesfrom“emotionrecollectedintranquility.”Rejectingthecontemporaryemphasisonform&intellectualapproachthatdrainedpoeticwritingofstrongemotion，hemaintainsthatthescenes&eventsofeverydaylife&thespeechofordinarypeoplearetherawmaterialofwhichpoetrycan&shouldbemade.領(lǐng)會(huì)HispoeticalworksLyricsLyricalBalladsdiffersinmarkedwaysfromhisearlypoetry，notablytheuncompromisingsimplicityofmuchofthelanguage，thestrongsympathynotmerelywiththepooringeneralbutwithparticular，dramatizedexamplesofthem，&thefusionofnaturaldescriptionwithexpressionsofinwardstatesofmind.ThepoemsWordsworthaddedtothe1800editionoftheLyricalBalladsareamongthebestofhisachievements.”TinternAbbey”remainsaprofoundlyoriginal&imaginativeachievement;thevalleyoftheWyeitself，thequietcenterofthereturningwanderer’’sthoughtsisdescribedwithadetailthatconveysasenseofnaturalorderatoncevivid&eternal.Beyondthepleasuresofthepicturesquewiththeiremphasisontheeye&theexternalaspectsofnature，however，liesadeepermoralawareness，asenseofcompletenessinmultiplicity.Butthepoemprogressesbeyondsuchmoralreflections.Asheisawareofhisownsublimecommunionwithallthings ，naturebecomesaninspiringforceofrapture，apowerthatrevealstheworkingsofthesoul.Tonatureactsasasubstituteforimaginative&intellectualengagementwiththedevelopmentofembodiedhumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstances.It’’snaturethatgiveshim“strength&knowledgefullofpeace.”ThePreludeWordsworthisapoetinmemoryofthepast.Tolifeisacyclicaljourney.Itsbeginningfinallyturnsouttobeitsend.HisphilosophyoflifeispresentedinhismasterpieceThePrelude.ItopenswithaliteraljourneywhosegoalistoreturntothevaleofGrasmere.Thejourneygoesthroughthepoet’’spersonalcarryingthemetaphoricalmeaningofhisinteriorjourney&questingforhislostearlyself&theproperspiritualhome.Thepoemchartsthisgrowthfrominfancytomanhood.Weareshownthedevelopmentofhumanconsciousnessundertheswayofan imaginationunited to the grandeur go nature. Later books of The Prelude describeexperiencesinFrance，hisrepublicanism，hisaffairwithAnnettehis“substantialdread”duringtheTerror&hiscontinuingsupportoftheidealsunderlyingtheRevolution.TheconcludingdescriptionoftheascentofSnowdonbecomesasymbolofthepoet’’sclimbtotheheightofhisinspiredpowers&tothatstateofvisionindedicatinghimselftohumanity，hebecomesoneofthe“ProphetsofNature.”領(lǐng)會(huì)CharacteristicsofWordsworthPoems&HisAchievements.WilliamWordsworthistheleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry，thefocalpoeticvoiceoftheperiod.Hisisavoiceofsearchinglycomprehensivehumanity&onethatinspireshisaudiencetoseetheworldfreshly，sympathetically&naturally.Themostimportantcontributionhehasmadeisthathehasnotonlystartedthemodernpoetry ，thepoetryofthegrowinginnerself，butalsochangedthecourseofEnglishpoetrybyusingordinaryspeechofthelanguage&byadvocatingareturntonature.應(yīng)用：SelectedReadingsIWanderedLonelyasaCloudWordsworthisregardedasa“worshipperofnature.”Hecanpenetratetotheheartofthings&givethereadertheverylifeofnature.“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”isperhapsthemostanthologizedpoeminEnglishliterature，&onethattakesustothecoreofWordsworth’’spoeticbeliefs.Wordsworthwrotethisbeautifulpoemofnatureafterhecameacrossalongbeltofgolddaffodilstossing&reeling&dancingalongthewaterside.Thereisavividpictureofthedaffodilshere，mixedwiththepoet’’sphilosophical&somewhatmysticalthoughts.Thepoemconsistsoffour6-linedstanzasofiambictetrameterwitharhymeschemeofababccineachstanza.Thelaststanzadescribesthepoet’’srecollectionintranquilityfromwhichthispoemarose.ThepoetthinksthatitisablisstorecollectthebeautyofnatureinhismindwhileheisinsolitudeComposeduponWestminsterSeptember1802Thissonnet，writtenontheroofofacoachasWordsworthwasonhiswaytoFrance，waspublishedinPoemsinTwoVolumes，1807.Thepoempresentsthespeaker’’sviewofLondonintheearlymorning.Thespeakerisnotonlyprofoundlytouchedbyitsbeauty&tranquilityofthemorning，butevensurprisedtorealizethatLondonispartofNaturejustasmuchasishisownbelovedLakeCountry.Wordsworthisregardedasa“worshipperofnature.”Eveninthispoem，thoughheislookingatLondon，heisthinkingofhomewherethesunsteepsinhisfirstsplendor，valley，rock，orhill.”ThepoemiswrittenafterthepatternoftheItaliansonnet.TheoctaverecreatestheexperienceofLondonatandthesestetenlargesonhisreactiontothescene.Therhymeschemeofthepoemiscdcdcd.SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWaysThisisoneofthe“Lucypoems，”writtenin1799.The“LucyPoems”describewithrareelusivebeautyofsimplelyricism&hauntingrhythmayoungcountrygirllivingasimplelifeinaremotevillagefarfromthecivilizedworld.Theyareversesoflove&losswhichholdwithintheirdelicatesimplicityameditation