2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)32

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Inorderto（）therisingproductioncosts,thesubscriptionrateshavebeenincreased.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addupto

B.lookupto

C.cutshort

D.keepupwith

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)addupto“合計(jì)達(dá)...，總共達(dá)...”；B選項(xiàng)lookupto“尊敬”；C選項(xiàng)cutshort“縮短，縮減”；D選項(xiàng)keepupwith“跟上，趕上”。句意：為了跟上不斷上漲的生產(chǎn)成本，訂閱費(fèi)已經(jīng)提高了。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

2.單選題

Despitehisdisappointingrecordthisyear,I（）feelheisthebestmaninourteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.therefore

C.nonetheless

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)however表示“然而，可是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，后面必須用逗號(hào)隔開；B選項(xiàng)therefore表示“所以，因此”；C選項(xiàng)nonetheless表示“盡管如此，但是”；D選項(xiàng)otherwise表示“否則”。由Despite“盡管”可知，空缺處應(yīng)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只有C符合句意。A項(xiàng)however雖然也表示轉(zhuǎn)折，但后面必須用逗號(hào)隔開；【句意】雖然他今年的成績(jī)差強(qiáng)人意，但我仍然覺得他是我們隊(duì)最好的球員。

3.單選題

I'vebecomesomewhatphysicallyunfit,soI'vestartedgoingtothegymonceaweektoseeifIcan（）mybody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tidyup

B.toneup

C.takeup

D.eatup

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)tidyup表示“收拾，整理”；B選項(xiàng)toneup表示“増強(qiáng)；提高（聲調(diào)等）使更健康”；C選項(xiàng)takeup表示“拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)（時(shí)間，地方）”；D選項(xiàng)eatup表示“吃光；耗盡；擊垮”。根據(jù)somewhatphysicallyunfit（身體有點(diǎn)不健康）可知，空缺處應(yīng)為“使更健康”，故B項(xiàng)正確。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：我的身體已有些許不適，所以我開始每周去一次健身房，看看是否可以讓身體更健康。

4.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機(jī)械中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實(shí)則是想表明人們相對(duì)于社會(huì)中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苊媾R著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因?yàn)樗麄儾荒塬@得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項(xiàng)D他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性,符合原文,所以選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因?yàn)樘幱谝粋€(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì),才會(huì)有真正幸福的生活。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會(huì)制度形式，……在這種社會(huì)安排中，人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會(huì)安排的目的。”由此可知，作者提出了充分發(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當(dāng)前的社會(huì)問題，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會(huì)中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對(duì)待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.單選題

Thecrowdcheeredin（

）whentheplayerscaughttheball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.interaction

D.participation

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。recognition“識(shí)別；承認(rèn)，認(rèn)出；”;appreciation“欣賞，鑒別;感謝”;interaction“相互作用”；participation“參與;分享;參股”。根據(jù)cheer與caughttheball可知觀眾是因?yàn)榍虮唤幼g呼，對(duì)球員表示贊賞，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意：當(dāng)球員接住球時(shí)，觀眾歡呼表示贊賞。

6.單選題

Takethecaseofpubliceducationalone.Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.Inviewofthetechnologicalimprovementsinthelastfewyears,businesswillrequireinthefutureproportionatelyfewerworkersthaneverbefore.Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofthelegalageforgoingintoemployment,andstillfurtherdifficultyinfindingemploymentwhenthatagehasbeenattained.Ifwecannotputourchildrentowork,wemustputtheminschool.

Wemayalsobequiteconfidentthatthepresenttrendtowardashorterdayandashorterweekwillbemaintained.Wehavedevelopedandshallcontinuetohaveanewleisureclass.Alreadythepublicagenciesforadulteducationareswampedbythetidethathassweptoverthemsincedepressionbegan.Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.

Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities.Theycannotcareforthepresentrestrictedandinadequatesystem.Thelocalcommunitieshavefailedintheireffortstocopewithunemployment.Theycannotexpecttocopewithpubliceducationonthescaleonwhichwemustattemptit.TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.Ifthereisonethinginwhichthecitizensofallpartsofthecountryhaveaninterest,itisinthedecenteducationofthecitizensofallpartsofthecountry.Ourincometaxnowgoesinparttokeepourneighborsalive.Itmayhavetogoinpartaswelltomakeourneighborsintelligent.WearenowattemptingtopreservethepresentgenerationthroughFederalreliefofthedestitute（貧民）.OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatisthereasonfortheincreaseinthenumberofstudents?

3.Thepublicagenciesforadulteducationwillbelittlebetteroffbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationisthattheFederalgovernment

（

）.

5.Whydoestheauthorsay"OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire"(Lines10-11,Para.3)?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtopersuadelocalcommunitiestoprovidemorefunds.

B.Howtocopewiththeshortageoffundsforpubliceducation.

C.Howtosolvetherisingunemploymentproblem.

D.Howtoimprovethepubliceducationsystem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Therequirementofeducatedworkersbybusiness.

B.Raisingofthelegalageforgoingtowork.

C.Thetrendtowardashorterworkday.

D.People'sconcernforthefutureofthenextgeneration.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theunemployedaretoopoortocontinuetheireducation

B.anewleisureclasshasdeveloped

C.theyarestillsufferingfromthedepression

D.anincreaseintaxescouldbeaproblem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldallocateFederalfundsforpubliceducation

B.shoulddemandthatlocalcommunitiesprovidesupport

C.shouldraisetaxestomeettheneedsofpubliceducation

D.shouldfirstofallsolvetheproblemofunemployment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.OnlybyappropriatingadequateFederalfundsforeducationcanthenextgenerationhaveabrightfuture.

B.CitizensofallpartsofthecountryagreethatthebestwaytosupporteducationistouseFederalfunds.

C.Peoplealloverthecountryshouldmakecontributionstoeducationintheinterestofthenextgeneration.

D.EducatedpeoplearedeterminedtousepartoftheFederalfundstohelpthepoor.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文前兩段引出公共教育存在的問題，文章的最后一段表明如何解決這個(gè)問題。所以全文的主旨應(yīng)是“如何解決公共教育資金短缺的問題”。A選項(xiàng)“怎樣勸說當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)提供更多資金”與第三段第一句Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities不符。C選項(xiàng)“如何解決日益嚴(yán)重的就業(yè)問題”和D選項(xiàng)“怎樣改善公共教育系統(tǒng)”過于籠統(tǒng)。因此，本題選擇B項(xiàng)最符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問學(xué)生人數(shù)增加的原因。根據(jù)原文第一段第三句可知，法定就業(yè)年齡提前了，并且到了法定年齡也可能找不到工作。再由第一段第五句Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofthelegalageforgoingintoemployment以及最后一句可以得出，法定就業(yè)年齡持續(xù)提高，而孩子們?nèi)绻麤]有就業(yè)，就得繼續(xù)讀書，所以造成了學(xué)生人數(shù)的增加，因此B項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)需要受過教育的工人”、C選項(xiàng)“工作時(shí)間縮短的趨勢(shì)”；D選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)下一代未來的擔(dān)憂”都不符合題意，可排除。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段最后一句Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer可以推測(cè)，成人教育的公共教育機(jī)構(gòu)不好可能因?yàn)槭堑貌坏阶銐虻亩愂罩С?。因此，本題正確答案為D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段可知，解決失業(yè)問題要靠聯(lián)邦政府救濟(jì)，公共教育也是如此。全國人民都感興趣的應(yīng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)良好教育。所得稅現(xiàn)在部分用于維持我們鄰居的生活，另一部分也應(yīng)該用于提高鄰居的教育，因此政府應(yīng)該從稅收中撥出資金來解決公共教育問題，故A選項(xiàng)正確，B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該要求當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)提供支持”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該提高稅收滿足公共教育的需求”，不符合原文故排除。D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該首先解決失業(yè)問題”，屬于無中生有。因此本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問為何作者會(huì)說“只有決定毀掉下一代的民族才會(huì)拒絕聯(lián)邦資金投入公共教育”。A選項(xiàng)“只有撥出足夠的聯(lián)邦教育經(jīng)費(fèi)，下一代才能有光明的未來”表述正確；B選項(xiàng)“全國人民都認(rèn)為支持教育的最好方式是使用聯(lián)邦資金。”原文只是提到全民對(duì)公共教育感興趣，并未說支持使用聯(lián)邦資金，更未提及這是最好的方式；C選項(xiàng)“全國人都應(yīng)該為了下一代的利益做出貢獻(xiàn)”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；D選項(xiàng)“受過教育的人決心用部分聯(lián)邦資金幫助窮人”，原文沒有該項(xiàng)信息。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使緩解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

（

）.

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪種情況最危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)原文前兩段可知，青少年駕車載著超過3名乘客出行發(fā)生致命事故的概率是那些獨(dú)自開車青少年的3倍，而青少年司機(jī)的死亡率在晚上10點(diǎn)，特別是午夜之后急劇上升。因此，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“成年人在晚上10點(diǎn)鐘后搭載青少年”與C選項(xiàng)“成年人在晚上很晚時(shí)搭載3名以上青少年乘客”均不正確。D選項(xiàng)“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的車”在原文沒有提及，可排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問RobertFoss認(rèn)為青少年死亡率高的原因。根據(jù)題干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司機(jī)的死亡率高與其真正愚蠢的行為關(guān)系不大，而是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈︸{駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)，故本題正確答案為C。A選項(xiàng)“頻繁在晚上駕駛”：B選項(xiàng)“他們不恰當(dāng)?shù)鸟{駛方式”；D選項(xiàng)“他們載乘客駕駛”均與原文不符，故排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“青少年應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)駕駛”在原文并未提及，可排除；B選項(xiàng)“駕駛對(duì)青少年來說太復(fù)雜了所以學(xué)不會(huì)”，屬于無中生有，可排除；C選項(xiàng)“青少年申請(qǐng)參加駕駛課程應(yīng)當(dāng)有一些限制”由第三段內(nèi)容不能得出，可排除。根據(jù)原文第三段最后一句可知，根本問題是，負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放駕照的成年人沒有意識(shí)到駕駛是一項(xiàng)多么復(fù)雜和需要熟練度的任務(wù)。也就是說駕照發(fā)行機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該對(duì)此事負(fù)有一定的責(zé)任。因此，只有D項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容相符，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知，緩解青少年駕駛事故的方法是建立所謂的駕照分級(jí)許可制度，因此D選項(xiàng)“改善駕照許可制度”正確。A選項(xiàng)為“規(guī)定青少年要在成人陪同下駕駛”；B選項(xiàng)為“應(yīng)該不準(zhǔn)他們載客”：C選項(xiàng)為“應(yīng)該禁止他們晚上10點(diǎn)后開車”。A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知，美國現(xiàn)在大約有一半的州已經(jīng)有了分級(jí)許可制度，但只有10個(gè)州對(duì)乘客有限制。說明這種制度已經(jīng)建立了，只是還不夠完善。A選項(xiàng)“在討論中”、B選項(xiàng)“即將建立”和C選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)被實(shí)施”都不符合，因此本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

Mostpeoplebenefitfrominternationaltrade,forthesamegeneralreasonsthatmostpeoplebenefitfromthedivisionoflaborwithinnationsandwithinlocalities.Byparticipatinginabroadercommunitywithinwhichindividualsandgroupssellwhattheycanproducewiththegreatest(comparative)efficiency,peoplecansecureafargreaterquantityandvarietyofgoodsthaneachindividualcouldpossiblyobtainifhehadtoproduceeveryonehimself.Thereare,ofcourse,manyinstanceswhenblockingorlimitingtradecanbringadvantagestoparticulargroupsattheexpenseofthebroadersociety.Butthemorethesegroupssucceedinenforcingsuchrestrictions,thelowerthestandardoflivingandtheslowerthepaceofeconomicgrowthforthecommunityasawhole.

Aswithcommunities,sotoowithnations.Specificinterestscangainfromimportrestrictionsandeconomictheoryevenrecognizescasesinwhichatradebarriermightleaveanentirenationbetteroffalbeitattheexpenseofothernations.Inmostcircumstances,however,opentrade--bymaximizingeconomicefficiency—enhancesthewelfareandthestandardoflivingofthenationandofthewiderworld.

【答案】大多數(shù)人從國際貿(mào)易中獲益，這跟大多數(shù)人從國家內(nèi)部和地方內(nèi)部的分工中獲益的原因大致相同。通過參與一個(gè)更廣泛的社區(qū)，這個(gè)社區(qū)中個(gè)人與團(tuán)體以最高的（相對(duì)）效率出售他們所能生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，人們獲得的商品數(shù)量與種類遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過自己能生產(chǎn)的。當(dāng)然，在很多情況下，組織或者限制貿(mào)易能夠給某些特定群體帶來好處，代價(jià)是整個(gè)社會(huì)的利益。但是，這些團(tuán)體越是成功地執(zhí)行這些限制，整個(gè)社區(qū)的生活水平就越低，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的速度就越慢。

社區(qū)如此，國家也是如此。特定的利益能夠從進(jìn)口限制中獲得，經(jīng)濟(jì)理論甚至承認(rèn)，在某些情況下，貿(mào)易壁壘可能常會(huì)使國家經(jīng)濟(jì)變得更好，盡管是以別國利益為代價(jià)。然而，在大多情況下，開放貿(mào)易——通過最大化經(jīng)濟(jì)效率——提高國家和更廣泛世界的福利和生活水平。

9.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchworse

B.letalone

C.allelse

D.lesslikely

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)muchworse“更糟糕的是...”；B選項(xiàng)letalone“更不用說，聽任，不打擾”；C選項(xiàng)allelse“其他所有”；D選項(xiàng)lesslikely“最不可能的”。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，如今越來越少的工人希望自己的職業(yè)生涯都在同一領(lǐng)域工作，更不用說同一家公司了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust（）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improve

B.enhance

C.gear

D.guarantee

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)improve“改善，增加”；B選項(xiàng)enhance“提高，加強(qiáng)”；C選項(xiàng)gear“使...適合”，后面通常接介詞to；D選項(xiàng)guarantee“擔(dān)保，保證”。句意：為了在國家間激烈的貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中生存，我們必須使我們生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和種類適應(yīng)世界市場(chǎng)的需求。選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。

11.單選題

Peoplebuyinsuranceinorderto（）asmall,certain,tolerablelossforalarge,uncertain,catastrophicone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.return

B.substitute

C.institute

D.predict

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定詞組搭配。固定搭配substitute...for...表示“用……代替……”。A選項(xiàng)return表示“返回，報(bào)答，回?fù)簟?；C選項(xiàng)institute表示“實(shí)行，授予（學(xué)位），提起（訴訟）”；D選項(xiàng)predict表示“預(yù)言，預(yù)測(cè)”?！揪湟狻咳藗冑I保險(xiǎn)是為了用一個(gè)可以確定和容忍的小損失來替代大的、不確定的、災(zāi)難性的損失。

12.單選題

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。establish“建立;創(chuàng)立”；represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”；perform“表演；執(zhí)行：完成”；occur“發(fā)生”。句意：如果用藥期間出現(xiàn)上述癥狀，請(qǐng)立刻咨詢醫(yī)生。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Thistransformationismarkedbyseveraldevelopments.Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal,thereareunfoldingwithin（1）boundariesandtypicallyarebeingfoughtbymultiplesemi-autonomousarmedgroups.Theseconflictsare（2）byaparticularbrandoflawlessness,crueltyandchaos.Inparticular,theyaredefinedbythesystematicandwidespreadtargetingofcivilian（3）.（4）thesesituations,warringpartiesroutinelyignoreinternationalhumanitarianlaw,whichhastraditionallymoderated,ifnotgoverned,theconductofinter-state（5）.

Theseconflictstendtobeprotracted,lasting（6）ifnotdecades,ofteninrecurring（7）,thusexposingsuccessivegenera（8）soldiers.Anotherfeatureoftheseconflictsistheproliferationoflight-weight（9）thatareeasilyassembledandbornebychildren.Moreoverthe（10）useofanti-personnellandmineshasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildreninthesesituations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.national

B.international

C.external

D.internal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.named

B.characterized

C.labeled

D.called

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peoples

B.person

C.men

D.populations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Under

B.On

C.In

D.With

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wars

B.battles

C.fights

D.disputes

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.months

B.years

C.hours

D.days

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.recycles

B.circles

C.cycles

D.loops

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.infant

B.baby

C.children

D.child

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.guns

B.weapons

C.pistols

D.rifles

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.indiscriminate

B.discriminate

C.discriminating

D.discriminated

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)national表示“國家的”，B選項(xiàng)international表示“國際的，世界的”，C選項(xiàng)external表示“外部的，外面的”，D選項(xiàng)internal表示“內(nèi)部的，國內(nèi)的”。根據(jù)Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal可知“當(dāng)今世界，幾乎所有主要的武裝沖突都是內(nèi)部的”可知，這些沖突不會(huì)逾越國家的范疇，因此withinnationalboundaries符合上下文，故本題正確答案為A。

2.考查固定搭配。詞組becharacterizedby表示“具有……的特性；以……為特征”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)可以與by構(gòu)成搭配，故本題正確答案為B。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，空缺處應(yīng)填入表示“人們”的名詞且應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，故排除peoples（民族）和表示單數(shù)的person（人）。populations意為各地人口，表示一個(gè)群體，比一般意義的men更符合上下文語義，因此本題正確答案選D。

4.考查固定搭配。詞組underthesesituations表示“在這種情形下”。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)wars表示“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”，是總稱，一般包括多個(gè)大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)役；B選項(xiàng)battles表示“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，搏斗”，側(cè)重某一次具體全面的戰(zhàn)斗；C選項(xiàng)fights表示“打架，斗爭(zhēng)”，側(cè)重描述戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的動(dòng)作；D選項(xiàng)disputes表示“爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)端”，側(cè)重意見有分歧。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中disputes“爭(zhēng)端”范圍最廣。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

6.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息decades“數(shù)十年”可知空缺處填years最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

7.考查固定搭配。分析空缺處句子可知，inrecurring是方式狀語，A選項(xiàng)recycles表示“回收，循環(huán)利用”，B選項(xiàng)circles表示“圓，循環(huán)”，C選項(xiàng)cycles表示“周期，循環(huán)”，D選項(xiàng)loops表示“環(huán)形，環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)”。只有C選項(xiàng)可以與in構(gòu)成詞組incycles，表示“周期性地（發(fā)生）”，而inrecurringcycles表示“重復(fù)周期性地（發(fā)生）”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

8.考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。空缺處填入的名詞作soldiers的定語，soldiers為復(fù)數(shù)，所以修飾部分的名詞也用復(fù)數(shù)，childrensoldiers表示“童子軍”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析?？杖碧幪钊氲拿~被light-weight（輕型的）所修飾。A選項(xiàng)guns表示“槍，炮”，B選項(xiàng)weapons表示“武器”，C選項(xiàng)pistols表示“手槍”，D選項(xiàng)rifles表示“步槍”。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處并不能確定使用的是哪種槍支，故選擇weapons“武器”表示的范圍最廣。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)indiscriminate表示“任意的，無差別的，不分青紅皂白的”；B選項(xiàng)discriminate表示“v.區(qū)別，辨別”；C選項(xiàng)discriminating表示“不公平對(duì)待的，有辨識(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)discriminated表示“受歧視的”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息hasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildren（加劇了兒童的脆弱性）可知，空缺處選擇A項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Theguides（

）thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。accumulate“積累;累積”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集；集合”；resemble“類似，像”。根據(jù)后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在門口集合，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句意：這些導(dǎo)游讓游客在酒店門口集合。

15.單選題

Whilebeingquestionedonthecourt,themandenied（

）theoldlady’snecklace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havingtaken

B.taking

C.tohavetaken

D.totake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:法庭傳訓(xùn)他的吋候，他拒不承認(rèn)拿了老太太的項(xiàng)鏈。

考查固定搭配。denydoingsth.否認(rèn)做了某事。另外由于動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過去，因此需要用完成時(shí)態(tài)，故答案選A。

16.單選題

2.Atfirst,thespeakerwasreferringtotheproblemofpollutioninthecountry,buthalfwayinherspeech,shesuddenly|（

）toanothersubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.committed

B.switched

C.favored

D.transmitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。committo…“致力于…”；switchto…“轉(zhuǎn)換到...”；transmitto...“傳送到……”;favor不與tosth.搭配使用。句意：最開始演講者講述的是有關(guān)該國家環(huán)境污染的問題，但她演講到一半就突然轉(zhuǎn)到別的話題上去了。根據(jù)but和anothersubject“別的話題”可知，B項(xiàng)符合題意。故答案選B。

17.單選題

Thefamousscientistwassoeasy-goingand（）thatcollegestudentslikedtotalkwithhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.graceful

B.gracious

C.grim

D.glorious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)graceful表示“優(yōu)雅的；優(yōu)美的”；B選項(xiàng)gracious表示“親切的；高尚的；雅致的”；C選項(xiàng)grim表示“冷酷的；糟糕的；殘忍的”；D選項(xiàng)glorious表示“光榮的；輝煌的；極好的”。根據(jù)easy-going（平易近人的）可知空缺處部分應(yīng)為其近義詞，因此B項(xiàng)“和藹的”符合語境，故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：這位著名科學(xué)家是如此的平易近人又和藹可親，大學(xué)生們都喜歡與他交談。

18.單選題

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deprive表示“使喪失，剝奪”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“從某人處剝奪某物”；B選項(xiàng)rob表示“搶劫，掠奪；非法剝奪”，robsbofsth表示“搶劫某人的某物；C選項(xiàng)reject表示“拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄”；D選項(xiàng)deny表示“否定，否認(rèn)；拒絕給予”，denysb.sth表示“拒絕給予某人某物”。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一位男士為了買一只貓使得自己和家人沒有食物可吃，那么我們會(huì)認(rèn)為他發(fā)瘋了。故A項(xiàng)deprive（使喪失，剝奪）最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

19.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon'tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.

B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.

C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求推斷美國53,000人死亡的原因。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，這些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手煙中”，由此可以推斷死亡者本人不抽煙，故B項(xiàng)“盡管他們不吸煙”正確。而A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊母改肝鼰煛泵黠@錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“盡管他們的父母不抽煙”屬于過度推斷。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根據(jù)下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我們有沒有意識(shí)到，我們幾乎都吸入煙草的煙，所以非吸煙者身體受損的原因是“因?yàn)樗麄兾胗卸镜臒煛?，故A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)原文沒有提及，C選項(xiàng)與第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D選項(xiàng)根