2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號83

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong，havegovernedmylife—thelongingforlove，thesearchforknowledge,andtheunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawaywardcourse,overadeepoceanofanguish,reachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy—ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflivingforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,next,becauseitrelievesloneliness—thatterriblelonelinessinwhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfathomablelifelessabyss.

Ihavesoughtitfinally，becauseintheunionofloveIhaveseentheprefiguringvisionoftheheaventhatsaintsandpoetshaveimagined.ThisiswhatIsought,andthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhumanlife,atlast.Ihavefound.

Onefairlycommonreasonisthatparentsoverindulgetheirchildrenoutofasenseofguilt.

Parentswhobothholddownfull-timejobsmayfeelguiltyabouttheamountoftimetheyspendawayfromtheirchildrenandmayattempttocompensatebyshoweringthemwithmaterialpossessions.Otherparentsoverindulgebecausetheywanttheirchildrentohaveeverythingtheyhadwhilegrowingup,alongwiththosethingstheparentsyearnedforbutdidn’tget.Stillothersareafraidtosaynototheirchildren’sendlessrequestsfortoysforfearthattheirchildrenwillfeelunlovedorwillberidiculediftheydon’thavethesameplaythingstheirfriendshave.

TheBritisharethemostvoraciousnewspaperreadersintheworld.Theyreadnewspapersatbreakfast:theywalktothebusreadinganewspaper:theyreadnewspaperonthebus,astheygotowork:andonthewaybackhome,afterwork,theyareengrossedinaneveningnewspaper.Therearemanymorningpapers,bothnationalandprovincial.ThemostfamousisTheTimes.Contrarytowhatmanyforeignersbelieve,thisisnotagovernmentnewspaper.Thevariousnewspapersusuallyhavetheirownviewsonpolitics,buttheyarenotorgansofthepoliticalparties.BoldheadlinesandavarietyofphotographsarefeaturesofBritishpress.Somenewspapers,suchasthesoberDailyTelegraphandtheTimes,usephotographssparingly.Themore“popular”newspapers,suchastheDailyMail,andtheSun,usepicturesextensively.

【答案】（1）對愛的渴望，對知識的追求，對人類苦難的難以承受的同情，是支配我一生的單純而強烈的三種感情。

（2）我最終找到了愛，因為在愛的結(jié)合中，我看到了古今圣賢以及詩人們所夢想的天堂，這正是我所追尋的人生境界。雖然它對一般的人類生活也許太美好了，但這正是我透過愛情所得到的最終發(fā)現(xiàn)。

（3）全職工作的父母可能會為自己許多時間不在孩子的身邊而感到內(nèi)疚，從而可能通過給孩子買大量東西來補償。

（4）英國人是世界上最如饑似渴的讀者。在吃早飯時，在去趕公交車的路上，在去上班的公交車上他們都讀報，而在下班回家的路上，他們會全神貫注地讀晚報。

（5）不同的報紙通常有自己的政治觀點，但他們不是政治黨派的人。醒目的標題和各種各樣的照片是英國新聞界的特色。

2.單選題

Theactualprocessbywhichcoalisextractediswell（

）,ifyougetthechanceandarewillingtotakethetrouble.

問題1選項

A.worthwatching

B.worthtobewatched

C.worthywatching

D.worthytobewatched

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。worth“值得的”；beworthdoing“值得做”；worthy“值得的，有價值的”。句意：如果有機會而且你也不怕費事，采煤的實際過程還是很值得一看的。根據(jù)句意及搭配可知A項正確，答案A

3.單選題

Actingissuchanover-crowdedprofessionthattheonlyadvicethatshouldbegiventoayoungpersonthinkingofgoingonthestageis“Don't!”Butitisuselesstotrytodiscouragesomeonewhofeelsthathemustact,thoughthechancesofhisbecomingfamousareslim.Thenormalwaytobeginistogotoadramaschool.Usuallyonlystudentswhoshowpromiseandtalentareaccepted,andthecourselaststwoyears.Thentheyoungactororactresstakesupworkwitharepertorycompany,usuallyasanassistantstagemanager.Thismeansdoingeverythingthatthereistodointhetheatre:paintingscenery,lookingafterthefurniture,takingcareofthecostumes,andevenactinginverysmallparts.Itisveryhardworkindeed.Thehoursarelongandthesalaryistiny.Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappy,waitingforthechancesofworkingwithabettercompany,orperhapsinfilmsortelevision.

Ofcourse,somepeoplehaveunusualchanceswhichleadtofameandsuccesswithoutthislonganddulltraining.ConniePratt,forexample,wasjustanordinarygirlworkinginabicyclefactory.Afilmproducerhappenedtocatchsightofheronemorningwaitingatabusstop,ashedrovepastinhisbigcar.Hetoldthedrivertostop,andhegotouttospeaktothegirl.Heaskedherifshewouldliketogotothefilmstudiotodoatest,andatfirstshethoughthewasjoking.Thenshegotangryandsaidshewouldcallthepolice.IttooktheproducertwentyminutestotellConniethathewasserious.Thenanappointmentwasmadeforhertogotothestudiothenextday.Thetestwassuccessful.Theygavehersomenecessarylessonsandwithinafewweeksshewasplayingtheleadingpartoppositeoneofthemostfamousactorsoftheday.Ofcourse,shewasgivenamoredramaticname,whichisnowworld-famous.Butchanceslikethishappenonceinabluemoon!

1.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonwhyyoungpeopleshouldbediscouragedfrombecomingactorsis（

）.

2.Anassistantstagemanager'sjobisdifficultbecausehehasto

（

）.

3.Accordingtothecontext,thesentence"Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappy"attheendofthefirstparagraphmeans

（

）.

4.Thephrase“onceinabluemoon”inlastlinerefersto（

）.

問題1選項

A.actorsareveryunusualpeople

B.thecourseatthedramaschoollaststwoyears

C.actingisreallyahardjob

D.therearealreadytoomanyactors

問題2選項

A.doallkindsofstagework

B.workforlonghours

C.waitforabettercompany

D.actwell

問題3選項

A.theydon'tcareiftheirjobishard

B.theylikethestagenaturally

C.theyarebornhappy

D.theyareeasilysatisfied

問題4選項

A.allatonce

B.onceforalongtime

C.onceinawhile

D.onceandforall

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由“Actingissuchanover-crowdedprofessionthattheonlyadvicethatshouldbegiventoayoungpersonthinkingofgoingonthestageis‘Don’t!’演戲是一個非常擁擠的職業(yè)，對于一個想要走上舞臺的年輕人來說，唯一應(yīng)該給的建議就是“不要!”可知演員行業(yè)人太多了。答案選D

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Thismeansdoingeverythingthatthereistodointhetheatre:paintingscenery,lookingafterthefurniture,takingcareofthecostumes,andevenactinginverysmallparts.Itisveryhardworkindeed.這意味著在劇院里每件事都要做：畫風(fēng)景畫，照看家具，照看戲服，甚至在很小的部分表演。這確實是很辛苦的工作。可知舞臺經(jīng)理的助理需要做各種事情，所以這項工作很艱難。答案選A

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段最后—句“Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappy,waitingforthechancesofworkingwithabettercompany,orperhapsinfilmsortelevision.但是血液中有舞臺的年輕演員們是快樂的，他們等待著與更好的公司合作的機會，或許是在電影或電視行業(yè)?！庇蓎oungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappy“血液中有舞臺”說明對舞臺的熱愛是天生的。故B項符合題意，答案選B。

第4題:判斷推理題。由最后一段第一句“Ofcourse,somepeoplehaveunusualchanceswhichleadtofameandsuccesswithoutthislonganddulltraining.當(dāng)然，有些人有不尋常的機會，不用這種長期和枯燥的訓(xùn)練而一舉成名?！币约芭e的例子可知onceinabluemoon意為不尋常的，千載難逢的。答案選B

4.單選題

Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedto（

）interestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivities.

問題1選項

A.assemble

B.generate

C.yield

D.gather

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。assemble“集合”；generate“引起，產(chǎn)生”；yield“屈服”；gather“收集”。句意：電視上的廣泛報道引起了大家對各種各樣的體育活動的興趣。B項符合句意，答案B

5.單選題

Sam'sclose（

）tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemforoneanother.

問題1選項

A.accuracy

B.confusion

C.probability

D.resemblance

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。accuracy“精確性”；confusion“混亂”；probability“可能性”；resemblance“相似”。句意：Sam跟他兄弟長得很像，人們經(jīng)常把他們弄混。D項符合題意，答案D

6.單選題

Underthis（

）pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

問題1選項

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。intensive加強的，集中的；weighty重大的，重的；bulky龐大的，笨重的；intense極度的，強烈的，劇烈的。句意：在這種高強度的壓力下，一些巖石甚至變成了液體。由“someoftherocksevenbecameliquid”可知巖石受到了極大的壓力，故答案C

7.單選題

Theworkers'demandare（

）;theyareaskingforonlyasmallincreaseintheirwages.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.moderate

C.abnormal

D.commercial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。complicated“復(fù)雜的”；moderate“適度的”；abnormal“不正常的”；commercial“商業(yè)的”。句意：工人們提出了適度的要求：漲一點工資。由后半句的“onlyasmallincrease…”可知這種要求是適度的。B項符合題意，答案B

8.單選題

Formorethan20years,we'vebeensupportingeducationalprogramsthat（

）fromkindergartenstocolleges.

問題1選項

A.spread

B.shift

C.move

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。rangefrom“從…到…（一個范圍）”；spreadfrom“從…傳播”；shiftfrom“從…轉(zhuǎn)移”；movefrom“從…搬走”。句意：20多年以來，我們一直在支持從幼兒園到大學(xué)的教育項目。該句表示從幼兒園到大學(xué)這個跨度范圍，故D項正確。

9.單選題

SinceTomwas（

）fromtheburdenthathadbeenimposedonhim,hebeganto

concentratemoreonhisowninterest.

問題1選項

A.exiled

B.exempted

C.expected

D.executed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。exile“放逐，流放”；exempt“免除，豁免”；beexemptedfrom“被免除…”；expect“期望”；execute“實行”。句意：自從曾經(jīng)加在他身上的擔(dān)子被移除后，Tom開始更專注于自己的興趣。由后半句“Tom開始專注于自己的興趣”可知B項正確，答案B

10.單選題

Telecommunicationdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessages（

）television,radioandelectronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmanymessages.

問題1選項

A.via

B.amid

C.past

D.across

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。via經(jīng)過，通過，憑借；amid在……中間；past越過，超過；across穿過，橫穿。句意：電信的發(fā)展使消息通過電視、收音機和電子郵件的傳遞得以實現(xiàn)，爆炸式地向人們傳遞大量信息。由空格后的內(nèi)容可知，此空意為通過……的方式，答案A。

11.單選題

Whereassuddengreatdisastersareinstantaneous,others,suchasdroughts,are（

）.

問題1選項

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumulative累積的，漸增的；formidable可怕的，強大的；eternal永恒的，不朽的；prospective預(yù)期的，未來的。句意：盡管突發(fā)的大災(zāi)難是瞬間的，然而其他災(zāi)難，比如干旱卻是___。由whereas表示對比關(guān)系可知此空應(yīng)選與“instantaneous即刻的，即時的”意思相反的詞，故A項“累積的”符合題意，答案A

12.單選題

Inlateautumnswallowsflysouthtomuchwarmerlands,wheretheycanfindplentyofthesmallflyinginsectsonwhichthey（

）.

問題1選項

A.arefed

B.eat

C.rely

D.feed

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。feedon“以…為食”，燕子以飛蟲為食，兩者之間是主動的關(guān)系，故排除A。句意：在晚秋時節(jié)，小燕子向南飛向更暖和的地方，在那里它們能找到許多可以當(dāng)作食物的小飛蟲。答案D

13.單選題

Theratiooftheworkdonebythemachine（

）theworkdoneonitiscalledtheefficiencyofthemachine.

問題1選項

A.against

B.with

C.to

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。theratioofAtoB表示“A與B之比”。句意：機械所做的功與其受到的功之比稱為機械的效率。答案C

14.單選題

Despitetheirgoodservice,mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof（

）standards.

問題1選項

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。equivalent“同等的”；alike“相似的，相同的”；uniform“統(tǒng)一的”；likely“很可能的”。由despite表讓步關(guān)系，以及后半句中的innsarelesscostlythanhotels可推知在同等標準條件下才能將旅館與酒店的收費進行對比。句意：盡管旅館的服務(wù)很好，但是大多數(shù)旅館的收費相比同等標準的酒店更低。答案A

15.單選題

Thousandsof（

）atthestadiumcametotheirfeettopaytributetoanoutstandingperformance.

問題1選項

A.audience

B.participants

C.spectators

D.observers

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。audience聽眾；participant參與者；spectator觀眾，看客；observer觀察者。句意：體育場內(nèi)成千上萬的觀眾起立，向這場出色的表演致敬。此句語境為去體育場觀看表演，所以主體為觀眾。答案C

16.單選題

Apartfromphilosophicalandlegalreasonsforrespectingpatients'wishes,thereareseveralpracticalreasonswhydoctorsshould（

）toinvolvepatientsintheirownmedicalcaredecisions.

問題1選項

A.enforce

B.endow

C.endeavor

D.enhance

【答案】C

【解析】

解析：考查動詞辨析題。enforce“實施，執(zhí)行”；endow“賦予，捐贈”；endeavor“努力，盡力”；enhance“提高，加強”。句意：出于哲學(xué)和法律方面的考慮，醫(yī)生應(yīng)尊重病人的意愿，除此之外，還有幾個實際原因解釋了為什么醫(yī)生應(yīng)該努力讓病人參與他們自己的醫(yī)療事項。C項符合句意，答案C

17.單選題

Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（

）libraries

speciallyservethecountryside.

問題1選項

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。mobilelibrary“流動圖書館”；drifting“漂流的”；shifting“不斷移動的”；rotating“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。句意：這項服務(wù)在全國36個圖書館運行，而6個移動圖書館專門服務(wù)農(nóng)村。由固定搭配可知A項正確。

18.單選題

Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudies.

Inconductingresearchonculturalandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theirconcernisonlythattheirquestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.

Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach7theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethnicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudy,theresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-classWhitefamilies,butalsolower-incomeWhitefamilies,AfricanAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyinteractionthanwouldtheeticapproach,documentingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicgroups.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclinedto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticapproach?

3.Comparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheethnicminorityfamiliesintheU.S?

問題1選項

A.beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfulmeasures

B.viewthemfromtheirownculturalperspective

C.guardagainstinterferencefromtheirownculture

D.acceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownculture

問題2選項

A.Theyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicissues

B.Theformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisobjective.

C.Theformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyissues.

D.Theyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingsurveys.

問題3選項

A.culturallyinteractive

B.culture-oriented

C.culturallybiased

D.culture-specific

問題4選項

A.Theirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreadaptable.

B.Theirculturalconceptsaredifficulttocomprehend.

C.Theydon'tinteractwitheachothersomuchasWhitefamilies.

D.TheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitefamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第一段“Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.不熟悉他們所研究的文化和種族群體的研究人員必須采取額外的預(yù)防措施，以擺脫他們從自己的文化帶來的任何偏見。”可知研究者在研究陌生文化時有從自己的文化出發(fā)的傾向。答案B

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.在主位研究法中，目標是用描述一種對某一種文化或民族有意義并且重要的行為，而不考慮其他文化或民族。在客位研究方法中，目標是描述一些適用于不同文化的行為?！笨芍@兩種研究的重心不同。答案A

第3題:推理判斷題。通過上題以及對第二段和第三段的理解可知，emicapproach主位研究法偏向于研究某一個群體的文化；eticapproach客位研究法研究不同文化的共同之處。答案D

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.在研究少數(shù)民族家庭時，研究人員可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，與美國白人家庭相比，少數(shù)民族家庭中的大家庭更具有支撐地位?！笨赏浦贁?shù)民族家庭比白人家庭有更親密的親情關(guān)系。答案D

19.單選題

Insomecountries,studentsareexpectedtobequietand（

）intheclassroom.

問題1選項

A.skeptical

B.faithful

C.obedient

D.subsidiary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。skeptical懷疑的；faithful忠誠的，盡職的；obedient順從的，服從的；subsidiary輔助的，附屬的。句意：在一些國家，人們期望學(xué)生們在課堂上保持安靜、順從聽話。由“quietand”可推斷and之后的詞義應(yīng)與quiet性質(zhì)一致，故C項符合題意，答案C

20.單選題

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

問題1選項

A.imposed

B.pitched

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。impose強加，征稅；pitch投擲，傾斜；insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，東歐一件明顯微不足道的小事讓整個歐洲陷入一場大戰(zhàn)爭中。由insignificantevent與agreatwar可知兩者存在聯(lián)系，即小事件引起大戰(zhàn)爭，D項符合題意。答案D

21.單選題

Manyproverbs（

）inancientGreeceandRomeandmedievalEurope,spreadingfromcountrytocountryinLatintexts.

問題1選項

A.designated

B.descended

C.originated

D.created

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。designated指明，指派；descend遺傳下來，來自；originated起源，來源，發(fā)生；create創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作。句意：許多來源于古希臘、羅馬和中世紀的歐洲的格言，以拉丁文字的形式在國家之間傳遞著。起源于originatein，只有C項符合句意，答案C。

22.單選題

Designedtomeettheglobalneedforajetlinersizedbetweenthecompany'sown767-300and4-engine747-400,thenewplane'sseating（

）madeittheworld’slargesttwo-enginepassengerplane.

問題1選項

A.ability

B.capacity

C.capability

D.facility

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。seatingcapacity“載客人數(shù)”，為固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”；capability“性能，容量”；facility“設(shè)施”。句意：它的載客人數(shù)使其成為世界上最大的雙引擎客機。答案B

23.翻譯題

我們的國家走向現(xiàn)代化，最大的障礙，并不是資源問題，也不是資金問題，更不是技術(shù)問題，而是十幾億人口的素質(zhì)問題。資金可以積累，技術(shù)可以創(chuàng)造，也可以引進，但十幾億人口的整體素質(zhì)是無法引進的，必須靠我們自己去提高。

據(jù)約略估計，中國品牌約占國內(nèi)冰箱和洗衣機市場的90%,空調(diào)市場的70%-80%,彩電市場的60%。在許多領(lǐng)域，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量有很大提高。中國一家主要的家電廠商，已經(jīng)從價格轉(zhuǎn)向以質(zhì)量、高效銷售和售后服務(wù)進行競爭。

【答案】（1）Onthewaytomodernization,thebiggestobstacletoourcountryisnottheshortageofnaturalresources,northelackoffunds,stilllesstheproblemoftechnology,butratherthequalityofoveronebillionpeople.Fundscanbeaccumulated,technologycanbecreatedorimported,butthequalityofsuchalargepopulation,whichcannotbeintroducedfromabroad,shouldbeimprovedonourown.

（2）It’sroughlyestimatedthatChinesebrandsapproximatelyaccountfor90%domesticmarketshareofrefrigeratorsandwashingmachines,with70%to80%ofairconditioners,60%ofcolorTVs.Inmanyfields,thequalityofChinesebrandproductshasimprovedgreatly.AmajorChinesemanufacturerofhomeapplianceshasorienteditscompetitionfrompricetothequalityofproduct,higheffectivesalesandafter-salesservice.

24.單選題

Anargumentwas（

）becausetheydislikeeachothersomuch.

問題1選項

A.ridiculous

B.inevitable

C.excessive

D.conservative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ridiculous“荒唐的，荒謬的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；excessive“過量的”；conservative“保守的”。句意：由于他們彼此都很討厭對方,所以爭論就難以避免。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系可知B項符合句意，答案B

25.單選題

Iwouldneverhave（

）acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.

問題1選項

A.soughtfor

B.accountedfor

C.turnedup

D.resortedto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。seekfor“尋求，追求”；accountfor“對…做出解釋”；turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；resortto“依靠，求助于，訴諸”。句意：如果我沒到如此絕望的地步，我是不會訴諸法律的。根據(jù)前后句意可知D項符合，答案D

26.單選題

Withthegradualimprovementoftransportationandcommunications,farmrshavenowhadeasier（

）tocitiesandtowns.

問題1選項

A.access

B.reach

C.approach

D.touch

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。haveaccessto有接觸（或進入、使用）的機會。句意：隨著交通和通訊的逐漸改善，農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在更容易進入城鎮(zhèn)。故答案A。

27.單選題

Criticsbelievethatthecontroloftelevisionbymassadvertisinghas（

）thequalityoftheprogram.

問題1選項

A.lessened

B.declined

C.affected

D.effected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。lessen“使……變小”；decline“下降，衰落”；affect“影響，感染”；effect“發(fā)生，引起”。句意：評論家們認為，鋪天蓋地的電視廣告已經(jīng)影響了節(jié)目的質(zhì)量。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確，答案C

28.單選題

Technologyhas（

）thesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

問題1選項

A.formulated

B.furnished

C.functioned

D.facilitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。formulated構(gòu)想出，用公式表示；furnished供應(yīng)，裝備；functioned運行，行使職責(zé)；facilitated促進，幫助。句意：科技促進了信息的分享和存儲以及信息的傳遞，進而使得更多的信息為更多人所用。D項符合句意，答案D。

29.單選題

TheGovernment'spolicieswillcomeunderclose（

）intheweeksbeforetheelection.

問題1選項

A.appreciation

B.scrutiny

C.specification

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。appreciation“欣賞，感謝”；scrutiny“審查，細看”；specification“規(guī)格，說明書”；apprehension“理解”。句意：選舉前的幾周，政府的政策將會接受詳細審查。由Government’spolicies及close“嚴密的”可知B項“審查”能與之搭配。答案B

30.單選題

SanFranciscoclimbsandfallsovernumeroushills,whichprovide（

）viewsofthewidebayandtheGoldenGateBridge.

問題1選項

A.flashy

B.transient

C.breathtaking

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。flashy“閃光的，瞬間的”；transient“短暫的”；breathtaking“驚人的，驚險的，令人激動的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：舊金山位于高低起伏的小山上，能讓人們看到令人激動的大灣以及金門橋。由climbsandfallsovernumeroushills以及空格后的widebay“寬闊海灣”可知海灣和金門橋的景象是令人激動的。答案C

31.單選題

WhenTasumafirstcametotheU.S.fromJapan,hewasn’tsurehecould（

）intoAmericanculture,butafterafewmonths,hefeltathomehere.

問題1選項

A.absorb

B.transform

C.digest

D.assimilate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。absorb吸引，理解；transform改變，轉(zhuǎn)換；digest消化，吸收；assimilate使同化，吸收。句意：當(dāng)Tasuma笫一次從日本來到美國時，他不確信自己能融入美國文化，可是過了幾個月，他在那里就感覺像在自己家似的。由“but…h(huán)efeltathomehere.”可知空格處意為“他不確定自己是否可以融入美國文化?！贝鸢窪

32.單選題

Nobodycan（

）herfrommarryinghim,forshealwayshasherownway.

問題1選項

A.prevent

B.preserve

C.present

D.prevail

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。prevent“妨礙，制止”；preserve“保護，保養(yǎng)”；present“贈送”；prevail“盛行”。句意：沒人能阻止她嫁給他，因為她總是我行我素。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系，可知答案A

33.單選題

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（

）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

問題1選項

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句?？崭裉幩顔卧~指代前面句子的內(nèi)容，即我兩邊鄰居都給他們的房子刷了漆，也就是指這件事，故排除BC兩項。再由空格前的逗號可知，次從句為非限制性定從，故用which引導(dǎo)。句意：我兩邊的鄰居都給他們的房子刷了漆，這讓我的房子比實際上更顯得破舊。答案D

34.單選題

Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnot（

）extensivedamagehadbeencaused.

問題1選項

A.before

B.since

C.after

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。before“在…之前”；since“自…以來”；after“在…之后”；as“因為”。句意：盡管這場火災(zāi)最終得到了控制，但仍然造成了大量的損害。由butnot轉(zhuǎn)折否定關(guān)系可知火災(zāi)已經(jīng)造成了大量損害，大量損害發(fā)生在前，火災(zāi)控制在后。故A項正確。

35.單選題

Childrenarealways（

）aboutthingstheydonotknow.

問題1選項

A.queer

B.strange

C.curious

D.quaint

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。queer“奇怪的，異常的”；strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；curious“好奇的”；quaint“奇怪的，離奇有趣的”。句意：孩子們總是對未知事物充滿好奇。C項符合題意，答案C

36.單選題

Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatablethattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmerican-four-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother'sbackinfantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode（編碼）ordecode（解碼）meaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproperplacetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone'sconversationpartner."

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingat,thespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlookingthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（

）.

2.AccordingtothepassagetheJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner'sneckbecause

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto

（

）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（

）.

問題1選項

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

問題2選項

A.theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon'tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood

問題3選項

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactsofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問題4選項

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由第一段第四句“arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.一張真正的人臉如果遮住了眼睛不會讓小寶寶發(fā)笑，或者側(cè)面的臉，只能看到一只眼睛時，小寶寶也不會發(fā)笑?！惫蔆項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第一段“InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sbackinfantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode（編碼）ordecode（解碼）meaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproperplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.在日本，嬰兒被背在母親的背上，他們對眼神交流的依戀不像其他文化中那么強烈。結(jié)果就是，日本成年人很少用面部表情來理解或解釋含義。事實上，Argyle揭示了在日本談話時，一個人的目光應(yīng)該集中在談話對象的脖子上?！笨芍毡救苏f話時喜歡把目光聚焦在另一個人的脖子上是由于小時候沒有太多機會通過眼神來交流。故答案D

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“iftheyarenotlookingthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.如果他們沒有看著說話人，說話人就會認為他們是不感興趣的，要么就會停下來直到重新開始眼神交流，要么就會終止談話?！笨芍鸢窩

第4題:細節(jié)理解題。由文章末尾“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.兩個說話的人都戴著墨鏡時，這種眼神交流對維持對話的重要性就變得顯而易見了：可能會出現(xiàn)由打斷、錯誤的開始和不可預(yù)知的停頓引起的話語堵塞。”可知戴墨鏡對話會造成中斷，錯誤的開始和不可預(yù)計的停頓。故為了保持通暢的對話，最好不要戴墨鏡說話。答案A

37.單選題

Much（

）IlikedJane,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

問題1選項

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】

考查連詞辨析。while雖然；as同樣；muchas表示雖然，即使；since既然；for為了。句意：盡管我喜歡Jane,但我討厭她有時跟我說話高傲的語氣。由like和hated可知，這是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故答案B

38.單選題

Smallfarmsandthelackofmoderntechnologyhave（

）agriculturalproduction.

問題1選項

A.blundered

B.tangled

C.bewildered

D.hamper