2023年職稱英語考試理工類B級考試真題

2023年職稱英語考試理工類B級考試真題LongerLivesforWildElephants(B級)Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals,wherestragglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdon'texist.Withoutsuchproblems,animalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage1.Butthatmaynotbetruefor2thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseases.jointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimes,theyevenbecomeinfertile,orunabletohavebabies.Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephants,ateamofinternationalscientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircare,documentingfactorssuchasbirthdates,illnesses,weightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.Thescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoo-bornelephantswiththelifespansofthousandsoffemalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcamps3,overapproximatelythesametimeperiod.TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years—morethanthreetimesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpattern.Inzoos,theylived18.9years,whilethoseintheloggingcampslived41.7years.Scientistsdon'tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.GeorgiaMason,abiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,thinksstressandobesitymaybetoblame4.Zooelephantsdon'tgetthesamekindofexercisetheywouldinthewild,andmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoosthaninthewild.wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups.AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelytodieearlythanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive.Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesomethreatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthypopulations,thatdoesn'tappeartobethecasewithelephants."Currently,zoosarenetconsumersofelephants,notnetproducers."Masonsays.1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,unlikeotherzooanimals,zooelephants根據(jù)前面2段，和其它動物不同，動物園的大象_____________A.havedifficultyeatingfood.吃東西有困難。B.livetoaripeoldage.能過活到高齡。C.arenotafraidofpredators.不害怕食肉捕食者。D.develophealthproblems.面臨一些健康問題。(正確答案)2.Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists'researchonthelifespansofelephantsisNOTtrue?(Seeparagraph3)?國際科學家對于大象的生命周期的研究，______________是不對的?A.Theycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephants.他們把動物園的大象和野生大象作比擬。B.Theykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare.他們保存了飼養(yǎng)大象的詳細記錄。(正確答案)C.Theyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoos.他們分析動物園里的大象的生活記錄。D.Thezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos.他們研究的動物園出生的大象在歐洲動物園飼養(yǎng)。3.Whatdothescientistfindintheirresearch?科學家們在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了______________。A.Femaleelephantslivelongerthanmaleelephants.雌象比雄象活得更長。B.Femalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterparts.動物園雌象比野生的活得更長。C.Femalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterparts.動物園雌象比起它們的野生的同伴來說要死得早。(正確答案)D.Elephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans.動物園大象和野生大象有一樣的壽命。4.WhatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityZoo-raisedelephantsgenerallysufferfrom?動物園中飼養(yǎng)的大象遭受壓力和肥胖的可能的原因是______________。A.Theydonotlikelivinginherds.它們不喜歡在畜群中生活。B.Theydonotgetenoughexercise.它們沒有得到充分的鍛煉。C.Theydonotlivewiththeirfamilies.它們沒有和它們的家人一起生活。D.BothBandC.B和C都對。(正確答案)5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?在最后一段，作者暗示了______________。A.Itmaynotbeawisepolicytokeepelephantsinthezoo.把動物養(yǎng)在動物園里是不明智的做法。(正確答案)B.Elephantsarenolongeranendangeredspecies.大象不再是瀕臨滅絕的物種。C.Zoo-bornelephantsshouldbelookedaftermorecarefully.照顧動物園里出生的大象應(yīng)該更仔細。D.Zoosshouldkeepmoreanimalsexceptelephants.除了大象，動物園里應(yīng)該飼養(yǎng)其他更多的動物。6.Doscientistsknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.?科學家是否清楚野生大象比動物園大象更好的原因?A.uncertain不確定(正確答案)B.positive明確的、肯定的C.clear清楚的D.biased片面的SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinteens(B級)Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto“self-medicate〞againsttheblues,scientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually__1_depressivesymptomsinsometeens.“Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived_2__benefitsofsmokingamongteens,〞saysleadresearcherMichaelChaiton,aresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto.“_3__cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicatingeffectsorto_4___mood,inthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.〞Aspartofthestudy,some662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnairesabouttheiruseofcigarettesto_5___mood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipants,urbanandruralschools,andschools_6__inhigh,moderateandlowsocioeconomicneighborhoods.Participantswere_7___threegroups:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicate,improvemoodorphysical_8__;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowoftenparticipantsfelttootiredtodothings;had_9__goingtosleeporstayingasleep;feltunhappy,sad,ordepressed;felt_10___aboutthefuture;feltvexed,antsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings.“Smokerswho_11___cigarettesasmoodimprovershadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked,〞saysco-researcherJenniferO’Loughlin,aprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine.“Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof_12__depressivesymptoms.〞The_13__betweendepressionandsmokingexitsprincipallyamongteensthatusecigarettesto_14___.“It’s_15__toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingafte