2020屆高考英語二輪題海特訓(xùn)營(6)閱讀理解推理判斷二

閱讀理解-推理判斷二1、 Doyourememberthenameofyourkindergarten teacher?Ido.HernamewasMrsWhite.Idon'tremembermuchaboutwhatwelearnedinherclass,butmymotheroncetoldmethatweusedtowritealot.AndIwouldbringbackwhatIwroteandshewouldlookatitandfindthereweresomanymistakes,butnoredcorrections,andalwaysastar.SometimesevenaGood!Thisworriedmymother,soonedaywhenshewenttomeetMrsWhiteforoneofthoseparent-teachermeetings,sheaskedherwhysheneverred-penciledmymistakesintherightspellingsofwordsorpointedoutgrammaticalerrors.“Thechildrenarejustbeginningtogetexcitedaboutusingwords,orformingsentences.Idon'twanttodamagethatenthusiasmwithredink.Spelling andgrammarcanwait.Thewonderofwordswon't,"MrsWhitesaid.LaterIknewthatifMrsWhitehadusedherredpenoften.Iprobablywouldn'tbetellingyouaboutthisnow.Ilookbacknowandthinkshemusthavebeenaratherextraordinaryteachertoexercisesuchred-pen-restraint（ 限制）.Iusedtomisspell“beautiful”alot,andnevercouldquiterememberthatthe “e”wentbeforethe“a”.Itannoyedmyteacherinhighschool.IfIwasgoingtoemploythewordwithsuchlavishness（華麗豐富的語言）,shefiguredtheleastIcoulddowasspellitright.Eventuallythee 'sanda'ssettledintotheirrightholdasmuchasyoumeansometimes.AndthankstoMrsWhite,IhadnoworryaboutwritingwhatImeantevenifIcouldn'tquitespellitout.Becauselifeisn't“Pretty”.It's“Beautiful”.Theunderlinedword “This”inthesecondparagraphreferstothefactthat .IalwaysmademistakesinmyspellingMrsWhiteoftenmadewrongcorrectionsMrsWhite'sattitudetowardsmymistakeswasspecialMotherwantedtoknowhowtoimprovemyspellingsFromwhatMrsWhitesaid,wecaninferthatgrammarandspellingshouldbepaidmoreattentiontochildrendon'thavethepatienceinspellingwordschildren'sinterestoflearningword sisveryimportantredcorrectionsareusedtodrawchildren'sattentionThewritermayprobablythinkhis/herhighschoolteacher .taughtinthesamewayasMrsWhitehaddonewasnotsatisfiedwithhis/hermistakesmadeinspellingshouldtellhim/herhowtoimprovewordsspellingpaidmuchattentiontoteachingstudentstouseproperwords2、 WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize —whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture —onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt（CAA）.HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus（ 校園）oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves（曲線）ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid."ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid."Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare .followingthelatestworldtrendgettinginternationalrecognitionworkingharderthaneverbeforerelyingonforeignarchitectsWhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?Itshillyenvironment.Itslargesize.Itsuniquestyle.Itsdiversefunctions.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?Themixtureofdifferentshapes.ThebalanceofEastandWest.Theuseofpopulartechniques.Theharmonyofoldandnew.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?Spreadthemtotheworld.Preservethematmuseums.Teachtheminuniversities.Recreatetheminpractice.3、 Undergroundandfloating（ 漂浮的）citiesareseenasthebestsolutionsashumanitywillbefacingalivingspaceproblemby2115,asurveysuggests.Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtoreach11billionin100years.Askedtoratealistof10choicesbyexperts,twofifthsofpeoplesupportbuildingdownwards,whileathirdrelyontheseas.Oneintenofthe2,000surveyedtelltheTVchannel,whichdidthesurveyfortheshowImpossibleEngineeringthattheyexpectwecouldbelivingonMars.Thehumanracewillbeforcedtousetheoceansandevendigundergroundtocreatemorelivingspace.Accordingtothecountry-widesurvey,fourintenBritonsbelievediggingdeepbeneaththeearth'ssurfaceistheperfectsolutiontocrowdedconditionsoverground.Andathirdthinkbuildingcitiesintheseausingsolarandtida（ 潮汐的）energywillbetheanswer,whileafifthbelieve“off-the-shelf”3D-printedhomeswillbeacheaperwaytothehousingproblem.Andadultswhowereaskedtochoosetheirfavoritesputurban（都市的）farmsinthetopthreewithcropsandanimalsonroofsamongtallcitybuildings.Morethanoneintenofthemfeelspacetravelwillhaveprogressedsofastby2115thatlivingonthemoonorMarswillbeachoice,whileanotheroneintenofthemsayunderwatercitieswillbethebestidea.ThesurveytomarkthebeginningofthenewseriesofImpossibleEngineeringalsofindsfloatingbuildingswiththeirownmicroclimatesarethewaytheworldwillchange.“ImpossibleEngineeringshowshowaseriesofseeminglyunrelatedbreakthroughs（突破）canbeputtogethertocreateamazingachievementsofDrMorgansaid.engineering,butanythingcouldhappeninthenext50years,DrMorgansaid.Howmanypeoplesurveyedchoseundergroundcitiesasthebestsolution?200.400.600.800.2.Inwhichcountrywasthesurveydone?Britain.America.Canada.China.3.Urbanfarmsarelikelytoexistin .3D-printedhomesouterspacehomesfloatinghomeshigh-risehomesWhatdoesDrMorganthinkofsolvingthelivingspaceprobleminthefuture?Challenging.Promising.Interesting.Worrying.4、 TheU.S.DepartmentofLaborstatistics（ 統(tǒng)計(jì)）showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,TVrepairmen.Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavorstheskilledworkmen.Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating（ 灌輸）theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallinline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments（ 入學(xué)）goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.1.It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat .manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblemwhite-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkersfewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefuturethelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducationWhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.Bysayingthat“manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere ”,theauthormeansthat .manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollegemanypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollegemanypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyearmanypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyedWecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat .everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollegecollegeeducationisabadthingpeoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpayfewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs5、 Itgoeswithoutsaying,butbearsrepeating,therearetoomanycatsanddogswithouthomes.Whiletherearecountlessshelters andrescuecentersthatexist,somepotentialpetownerslooktopetshopstofindtheirfurryfriends.Alltoooften, however,theseanimalscomefrompuppyandkitten mills（繁殖場(chǎng)）thattreatthecreaturesincruelways.SanFrancisco,however,isdoingtheirparttostopthisabusewithpetstoreadoption.Officialsrecentlyvotedtobanthesaleofnon-rescuedogsandcatsinlocalshops.Theeffectistwo-fold.One,itwillstopthepopularityofthelarge-scalemills,whicharefamousforthemiserableconditionscatsanddoesarekeptin.Two,itwillhelpfacilitatetheadoptionofthousandsofanimalsthatarewaitingfortheirforeverhomesinSanFranciscoshelters.District4SupervisorKatyTang,whoservesontheSanFranciscoBoardofSupervisors,supportedlaw-makingontheban.“Dogsandcatssoldinpetstoresoftencomefrominhumanepuppyandkittenmillsthattreatanimalswithnoregardfortheirhealthorwell- being”,shewroteonFacebook.Inhermessage,shealsocalledontheU.S.AgricultureDepartmenttoreinstateinformationonitswebsitethatdocumentsthesetypesofanimalcrueltycases—itwasremovedearlierthismonth.SanFrancisco'slaw-makingisavictoryforthoseconcernedaboutanimalrights,andtheyaren'tthefirstcitytopassthistypeofmeasure.LosAngeles,SanDiego,Chicago,Philadelphia,Boston,andAustinalsohavesimilarlawsinplace,withhopefullymoreplacestofollowsuit.Whathappenedtosomedogsandcatsbeforetheygotinthepetstores?Theyweretreatedcruelly.Theywereabandonedinstreets.Theyreceivedwarmwelcome.Theywereraisedinsheltersandrescuecenters.WhichofthefollowingmayKatyTangagreewithmost?Peopleshouldadoptthedogsandcats.Animalsaretoocrueltohumansbeing.Governmentcanchoosetokillallthedogsandcats.Itisnotrighttobanthesaleofnon-rescuedogsandcatsinlocalshops.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “reinstate”inParagraph2mean?updatereplacepostagaindownload4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?NoChinesecityjoinsthistypeofmovement.SanFranciscoisthelastcitytobanpetstores.Americanscareaboutanimalsmorethanhumans.Moreandmorecitiesareinvolvedinanimalrights.6、 It'srarethatyouseethewords“shyness”and“l(fā)etter”inthesamesentence.Afterall,thecommonviewpointisthatthoseoutgoingandsociableguysmakegreatpublicspeakersandexcellentnetworkersandthatthoseshypeoplearenot.AsurveyconductedbyUSATodayreferredto65percentofexecutiveswhobelievedshynesstobeabarriertoleadership.Interestingly,thesamearticlestressesthatroughly40percentofleadersactuallyarequiteshy—they'rejustbetteratadaptingthemselvestosituationaldemands.BillGates,WarrenBuffetandCharlesSchwabarejustafew"innies".Unliketheiroutgoingcounterpartswhoaremoresensitivetorewardsandrisk-taking,shypeopletakeacautiousapproachtochance.Ratherthantheflashychit-chatthatdefinessocialgathering,shypeoplelistenattentivelytowhatotherssayandabsorbitbeforetheyspeak.They'renotthinkingaboutwhattosaywhiletheotherpersonisstilltalking,butratherlisteningsotheycanlearnwhattosay.Alongthesamelines,shypeopleshareacommonloveoflearning.Theyareintrinsically（ 內(nèi)在地）motivatedandthereforeseekcontentregardlessofachievinganoutsidestandard.Beingshycanalsobringotherbenefits.Remember beinginschoolandhearingthesamekidscontribute,untilshylittleJohnny,whoalmostneversaidaword,cutin?Thenwhathappened?EveryoneturnedaroundtolookwithgreatrespectatlittleJohnnyactuallytalking.Thisishowshypeoplemadegooduseoftheirpowerofpresenee:they"own"themomentbyspeakingcalmlyandpurposefully,whichtranslatetoapositiveimage.Shynessisoftenrelatedtomodesty.Nottosaythatlimelight-seekersaren'tmodest,butshypeopletendtohaveanaccuratesenseoftheirabilitiesandachievements.Asaresult,theyareabletoacknowledgemistakes,imperfections,knowledgegapsandlimitations.Sineeshypeoplehavealowersensitivitytooutsiderewardsthanoutgoingones,they're morecomfortableworkingwithlittleinformationandsticking totheirinnerdesires.Shypeoplearealsomorelikelytoinsistonfindingsolutionsthataren'tprimarily apparent.Don't believeme?Maybeyou'llbelieveAlbertEinstein,whooncesaid,"It'snotthatrmsosmart,it'sthatIstaywithproblems longer."Obviously,findingcertaintywhereuncertaintyistypicallypopularisahugeplusforanysuccessfulperson.Themyththatshypeoplearelesseffectiveleadersthantheiroutgoingfellowsisjustamisunderstanding.Makewiseuseofyourpersonalitystrengthstoleadyourbusinessnomatterwhatsideoftherangeyoufallon.WecanlearnfromParagraph2that .shypeoplearesensitivetorewardsshypeoplecaremoreaboutcontentoutgoingpeoplearemorecarefulaboutchancesoutgoingpeopleconsiderwhattolearnwhilelisteningTheexampleofJohnnyshows .shypeoplearelikelytobemodesthardworkingstudentsspeaklittleinpublicsomestudentskeepsilentonpurposeatschoolshypeoplemayhaveanadvantageindiscussionWecanlearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5that shynessresultsinsuccessshynesscontributestopopularityoutsiderewardleadstoinsistenceuncertaintycountsmorethancertaintyTheauthorsupportshisideasmainlyby .givingdefinitionsandpresentingresearchresultsexplainingproblemsandprovidingsolutionsquotingauthoritiesandmakingevaluationsmakingcontrastsandgibingexamples答案以及解析答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.C;3.B解析：1.代詞指代題。由上文可知,即使作者在寫作中出現(xiàn)了很多錯(cuò)誤,懷特老師從不給予糾正,而是給顆星星,有時(shí)甚至批閱“Good”,正是老師的這種態(tài)度引起了母親的擔(dān)心。推理判斷題。由文章第三段懷特老師不想通過批改孩子們的作文而使他們喪失了對(duì)寫作的熱情可知,孩子們學(xué)習(xí)文字的興趣是十分重要的。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四、五句可知,作者的高中老師因?yàn)樗?她總犯拼寫錯(cuò)誤而很惱火,甚至告訴作者在想使用豐富的詞匯時(shí)至少先把單詞拼寫準(zhǔn)確。答案及解析：答案：1.B;2.C;3.D;4.D解析：這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王澍在其作品中融合中國傳統(tǒng)建筑文化獲得了建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)——普利策獎(jiǎng),這讓中國建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國際認(rèn)可。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知,王澍獲得2012年普利策獎(jiǎng),而普利策獎(jiǎng)相當(dāng)于建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng),他是第一個(gè)獲此獎(jiǎng)的中國人,故推知中國建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國際認(rèn)可。故B項(xiàng)正確。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段對(duì) CAA校園的描述可知，它的設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格獨(dú)特,與大多數(shù)中國大學(xué)的校園很不同，許多游客感對(duì)復(fù)雜的建筑空間和豐富的建筑類型感到吃驚 ，故C正確。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段1995年普利策獎(jiǎng)的獲得者TadaoAndo的評(píng)語可知，王澍設(shè)計(jì)的成功之處是把中國傳統(tǒng)元素融入現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì) ，并保持兩者的和諧，故D正確。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段和倒數(shù)第三段中Infact，traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated 可知，傳統(tǒng)的研究要與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，在實(shí)踐中進(jìn)行再創(chuàng)造，否則就會(huì)是人工的和空的，故D正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】根據(jù)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，推斷合理信息。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話 ，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理,也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是說,要做到判斷有據(jù),推論有理,忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意,切忌片面思考,得出片面結(jié)論。此題的第一小題和第四小題為推理判斷題。第 1題根據(jù)第二段第二句可知WangShu獲得2012年普利策獎(jiǎng),相當(dāng)于建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng),再根據(jù)第三句他是第一個(gè)獲此獎(jiǎng)的中國人可知中國建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國際認(rèn)可,因得到認(rèn)可才能獲獎(jiǎng)。此題的解題關(guān)鍵時(shí)根據(jù)原文的兩個(gè)信息句進(jìn)行的判斷，而ACD原文中沒有提及。答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.A;3.D;4.B解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的 twofifthsofpeoplesupportbuildingdownwards以及后文的ofthe2，000surveyed可知，參加調(diào)査的一共有2000人，其中2/5的人贊成建造地下城市，故一共800人贊成。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的 Accordingtothecountrywidesurvey，fourintenBritonsbelieve并綜合本文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講了一個(gè)在英國進(jìn)行的民意調(diào)査，故答案選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段的wi