環(huán)境工程外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯水處理

-.z.氧化溝工藝在污水處理中的應(yīng)用和開展摘要：本文主要闡敘了Carrousel氧化溝的構(gòu)造、工藝機理、運行過程中存在的問題和相應(yīng)的解決方法。最后，介紹了Carrousel氧化溝的最新的研究進展并指出了未來的主要研究方向。關(guān)鍵詞：Carrousel氧化溝除磷脫氮構(gòu)造機理前言氧化溝又名連續(xù)環(huán)曝氣池，是活性污泥法的一種變形。氧化溝處理工藝在20世紀(jì)50年代由荷蘭衛(wèi)生工程研究所研制成功的。自從1954年在荷蘭的首次投入使用以來。由于其出水水質(zhì)好、運行穩(wěn)定、管理方便等技術(shù)特點，已經(jīng)在國內(nèi)外廣泛的應(yīng)用于生活污水和工業(yè)污水的治理。目前應(yīng)用較為廣泛的氧化溝類型包括：帕斯維爾氧化溝、卡魯塞爾氧化溝，奧爾博氧化溝、T型氧化溝、DE型氧化溝和一體化氧化溝。這些氧化溝由于在構(gòu)造和運行上存在差異，因此各具特點。本文將主要介紹Carrousel氧化溝的的構(gòu)造、機理、存在的問題及其最新開展。Carrousel氧化溝的構(gòu)造Carrousel氧化溝是1967年由荷蘭的DHV公司開發(fā)研制。在原Carrouse氧化溝的根底上DHV公司和其在美國的專利特許公司EIMCO又創(chuàng)造了Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)了更高要求的生物脫氮和除磷功能。至今世界上已有850多座Carrousel氧化溝和Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)正在運行。Carrousel氧化溝使用定向控制的曝氣和攪動裝置，向混合液傳遞水平速度，從而使被攪動的混合液在氧化溝閉合渠道內(nèi)循環(huán)流動。因此氧化溝具有特殊的水力學(xué)流態(tài)，既有完全混合式反響器的特點，又有推流式反響器的特點，溝內(nèi)存在明顯的溶解氧濃度梯度。氧化溝斷面為矩形或梯形，平面形狀多為橢圓形，溝內(nèi)水深一般為2.5~4.5m，寬深比為2:1，亦有水深達(dá)7m的，溝內(nèi)水流平均流速為0.3m/s。氧化溝的曝氣混合設(shè)備有外表、曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷或轉(zhuǎn)盤，射流曝氣池、導(dǎo)管式曝氣器和提升管曝氣機等，近年來配合使用的還有水下推動器。Carrousel氧化溝的機理最初的普通Carrousel氧化溝的工藝中污水直接與回流污泥一起進入氧化溝系統(tǒng)。外表曝氣機使混合液中溶解氧DO的濃度增加到大2~3mg/L。在這種充分摻氧的條件下，微生物得到足夠的溶解氧來去除BOD；同時，氮也被氧化成硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽，此時，混合液處于有氧狀態(tài)，在曝氣機下游，水流由曝氣去的湍流狀態(tài)變成之后的平流狀態(tài)，水流維持在最小流速，保證活性污泥處于懸浮狀態(tài)〔平均流速大于0.3m/s〕。微生物的氧化過程消耗了水中溶解氧，直到DO值降為0，混合液呈缺氧狀態(tài)。經(jīng)過缺氧區(qū)的反硝化作用，混合液進入有氧區(qū)，完成一次循環(huán)。該系統(tǒng)中，BOD降解是一個連續(xù)過程，硝化作用和反硝化作用發(fā)生在同一池中。由于構(gòu)造的限制，這種氧化溝雖然可以有效去除BOD，但除磷脫氮的能力有限。3.2Carrousel氧化溝除磷脫氮的影響因素影響Carrousel氧化溝除磷夫人因素主要是污泥齡、硝酸鹽濃度及基質(zhì)濃度。研究說明，當(dāng)污泥齡為8~10d時活性污泥中最大磷含量為其干污泥量的4%，為異養(yǎng)菌質(zhì)量的11%，但當(dāng)污泥齡超過15d時污泥中最大含磷量明顯下降，反而達(dá)不到最大除磷效果。因此，一味延長污泥齡是沒有必要的，宜在8~15天范圍內(nèi)選用。同時，高硝酸鹽濃度和低基質(zhì)濃度不利于除磷過程。Carrousel氧化溝存在的問題及解決方法盡管Carrousel氧化溝具有出水水質(zhì)好、抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力強、除磷脫氮效率高、污泥易穩(wěn)定、能耗省、便于自動化控制等優(yōu)點。但是，在實際的運行過程中，仍存在一系列問題。當(dāng)廢水中的碳水化合物較多，N、P含量不平衡，PH值偏低，氧化溝中污泥負(fù)荷過高，溶解氧濃度缺乏，排泥不暢等易引起絲狀菌性污泥膨脹，非絲狀菌性污泥膨脹主要發(fā)生在廢水水溫較低而污泥負(fù)荷較高時。微生物的負(fù)荷高，細(xì)菌吸取了大量的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，由于水溫低，代謝速度較慢，積貯起大量高粘性的多糖類物質(zhì)，使活性污泥的外表附著水大大增加，SVI值很高，形成污泥膨脹。針對污泥膨脹的起因，可以采取不同的對策：由缺氧、水溫高造成的，可加大曝氣量或降低進水量以減輕負(fù)荷，或適當(dāng)降低MLSS〔控制污泥回流量〕，使需氧量減少；如污泥負(fù)荷過高，可以提高MLSS，以調(diào)整負(fù)荷，必要時可停頓進水，悶曝一段時間；可通過投加氮肥、磷肥，調(diào)整混合液中的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)平衡〔BOD5：N:P=100:5:1〕；PH值過低，可投加石灰調(diào)節(jié)；漂白粉和液氯，能抑制絲狀菌繁殖，控制結(jié)合水性污泥膨脹。由于進水中帶有大量油脂，處理系統(tǒng)不能完全有效地將其除去，局部油脂富集于污泥中，經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)刷充氧攪拌，產(chǎn)生大量泡沫；泥齡偏長，污泥老化，也易產(chǎn)生泡沫。用外表噴淋水或除沫劑去除泡沫，常用除沫劑有機油、煤油、硅油，投加量為0.5~1.5mg/L。通過增加曝氣池污泥濃度或適當(dāng)減少曝氣量，也能有效控制泡沫產(chǎn)生。當(dāng)廢水中含外表活性物質(zhì)較多時，易預(yù)先用泡沫別離或其他方法去除。另外也可考慮增設(shè)一套除油裝置。但最重要的是要加強水源管理，減少含油過高廢水及其有毒廢水的進入。當(dāng)廢水中含油量過大，整個系統(tǒng)泥質(zhì)變輕，在操作過程中不能很好控制其在二沉池的停留時間，易造成缺氧，產(chǎn)生污泥上?。划?dāng)曝氣時間過長，在池中發(fā)生高度消化作用，使硝酸鹽濃度過高，在二沉池易發(fā)生反硝化作用，產(chǎn)生氮氣，使污泥上??；另外，廢水中含油量過大，污泥可能挾油上浮。發(fā)生污泥上浮后應(yīng)暫停停水，打碎或去除污泥，判明原因，調(diào)整操作。污泥沉降性差，可投加混凝劑或惰性物質(zhì)，改善沉淀性；如進水負(fù)荷大應(yīng)減少進水量；如污泥顆粒細(xì)小可降低曝氣機轉(zhuǎn)速；如發(fā)現(xiàn)反硝化，應(yīng)減小曝氣量，增大回流或排泥量；如發(fā)現(xiàn)污泥腐化，應(yīng)加大曝氣量，去除積泥，并設(shè)法改善內(nèi)水力條件。4.4流速不均及污泥沉積問題在Carrousel氧化溝中，為了獲得其他獨特的混合和處理效果，混合液必須以一定的流速在溝內(nèi)循環(huán)流動。一般認(rèn)為，最低流速應(yīng)為0.15m/s，不發(fā)生沉積的平均流速應(yīng)到達(dá)0.3~0.5m/s。氧化溝的曝氣設(shè)備一般為曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷和曝氣轉(zhuǎn)盤，轉(zhuǎn)刷的浸沒深度為250~300mm，轉(zhuǎn)盤的浸沒深度為480~530mm,與氧化溝水深〔3.0~3.6m)相比，轉(zhuǎn)刷只占了水深的1/10~1/12,轉(zhuǎn)盤也只占了1/6~1/7,因此造成氧化溝上部流速較大〔約為0.8m~1.2m,甚至更大〕，而底部流速很小，致使溝底大量積泥〔有時積泥厚度達(dá)1m),大大減少了氧化溝的有效容積，降低了處理效果，影響出水水質(zhì)。加裝上、下游導(dǎo)流板是改善流速分布、提高充氧能力的有效方法和最方便的措施。上流導(dǎo)流板在距轉(zhuǎn)盤軸心4.0處，導(dǎo)流板高度為水深的1/5~1/6，并垂直于水面安裝：下游導(dǎo)流板安裝在距轉(zhuǎn)盤軸心3.0m處。導(dǎo)流板的材料可以用金屬或玻璃鋼，但以玻璃鋼為佳。導(dǎo)流板與其改善措施相比，不僅不會增加動力消耗和運轉(zhuǎn)本錢，而且還能夠較大幅度地提高充氧能力和理論動力效率。另外，通過在曝氣機上游設(shè)置水下推動器也可以對曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷底部低速區(qū)德爾混合液循環(huán)流動起到積極作用，從而解決氧化溝底部流速低、污泥沉積的問題。設(shè)置水下推動器專門用于推動混合液可以使氧化溝的運行方式更加靈活，對于節(jié)約資源、提高效率具有十分重要的意義。Carrousel氧化溝的開展由于污水處理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對除磷脫氮的要求越來越嚴(yán)格，Carrousel氧化溝也得到了進一步的開展。目前，研究及應(yīng)用較多的包括以下兩種類型：微孔曝氣型Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)、Carrousel3000系統(tǒng)。5.1微孔曝氣型Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)微孔曝氣型Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)采用微孔曝氣〔供養(yǎng)設(shè)備為鼓風(fēng)機〕，微孔曝氣器可產(chǎn)生大量直徑為1mm左右的微小氣泡，這大大提高了氣泡的外表積，使得在池容積一定的情況下氧轉(zhuǎn)移總量增大。根據(jù)目前鼓風(fēng)機生產(chǎn)廠家的技術(shù)能力，池的有效水深最大可達(dá)8m，因此可根據(jù)不同的工藝要求選擇適宜的水深。傳統(tǒng)氧化溝的推流是利用轉(zhuǎn)刷、轉(zhuǎn)碟或倒傘形表爆機實現(xiàn)的，其設(shè)備利用率低、動力消耗大。微孔曝氣型Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)則采用了水下推流的方式，即把潛水推進器葉輪產(chǎn)生的推動力直接作用于水體，在起推流作用的同時又可有效防止污泥的沉降。因此，采用潛水推進器既降低了動力消耗，又使污水得到了充分地混合。5.2Carrousel3000系統(tǒng)Carrousel3000系統(tǒng)是在Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)前再加上一個生物選擇區(qū)。該生物選擇區(qū)是利用高有機負(fù)荷篩選菌種，抑制絲狀菌的生長，提高各污染物的去除率，其后的工藝原理同Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)。Carrousel3000系統(tǒng)的較大提高表現(xiàn)在：一是增加了池深，可達(dá)7.5~8m，同心圓式，池壁共用，減少了占地面積，降低造價同時提高了耐低溫能力；而是曝氣設(shè)備的巧妙設(shè)計，曝氣機下裝導(dǎo)流筒，抽吸缺氧的混合液，采用水下推進器解決流速問題；三是使用了先進的曝氣控制器qute.四是采用一體化設(shè)計，從中心開場，包括以下環(huán)狀連續(xù)工藝單元；進水井和用于回流活性污泥的分水器；分別由四局部組成的選擇池和厭氧池。這之外是有三個曝氣器和一個預(yù)反硝化的Carrousel2000系統(tǒng).五是圓型一體化的設(shè)計使得氧化溝不需要額外的管線，即可實現(xiàn)回流污泥在不同工藝單元的分配。結(jié)論Carrousel氧化溝由于具有良好的除磷脫氮能力、抗擊負(fù)荷能力和運營管理方便等優(yōu)點，已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。但由于科技的開展和社會的進步，該工藝必將得到進一步的提高。作者認(rèn)為：Carrousel氧化溝的未來研究方向主要表達(dá)在以下幾個方面。結(jié)合生物膜法，研究和開發(fā)生物模型Carrousel氧化溝。這樣不僅可以提高單位反響器的微生物總量，從而提高有機負(fù)荷，而且生物膜本身具有的內(nèi)置A/O系統(tǒng)強化了脫氮效果。不斷提高Carrousel氧化溝中微生物的活性。例如在氧化溝中投加EM專一菌種、投加鐵鹽使微生物馴化成生物鐵、投加活性炭增強菌膠團的形成并提高耐毒性沖擊等。提高Carrousel氧化溝設(shè)備性能和檢測技術(shù)。提高表曝機、水下推進器的性能，減少維修工作量；利用DO、ORP等多目標(biāo)監(jiān)控技術(shù)及變頻技術(shù)是今后Carrousel氧化溝科學(xué)運行的必由之路。提高Carrousel氧化溝的耐寒、耐讀性能，減少占地面積和工程造價。膜理論的應(yīng)用、深池水條件和工藝性能的研究為降低工程造價、提高耐寒耐毒性能等提供了可能的方向。O*idizetheditchcraftindirtywaterhandleofapplicationanddevelopmentSummary:Thiste*te*patiatedprimarilytheCarrouselo*idizestheconstruction,craftmechanismoftheditchandcirculatetheprobleme*sitedintheprocesswiththehomologousthemethodofsolution.Finally,introducetheCarrouselo*idizethelatestresearchprogressoftheditchandpointedoutthefutureandmainresearchdirection.Keyphrase:TheCarrouselo*idizestheditchdividedsbythephosphortakesoffthenitrogenconstructionmechanismApplicationandDevelopmentofCarrouselO*idationDitchProcessonWastewaterTreatmentAbstract:Thestructureandthetechniquesofcarrouselo*idationditchprocessonnitrogenandphosphorremovalareintroducedinthispaper.Theproblemsinrunningandtheircorrespondingresolventarealsopointed.Atlast,Theauthorshowedtheuptodateresearchimprovementandthemainlyfutureresearchdire-ction.Keywords:Carrousel;o*idationditch;nitrogenandphosphorremoval;structure;techniques1.ForewordO*idizetheditch(o*idationditch)againacontinuouscirculationspiritpond(Continuousloopreactor),isaliveanddirtymiremethodakindoftotransform.O*idizingthedirtywaterinditchhandlesthecraftberesearchedtomanufacturebythehygieneengineeringgraduateschoolofHollandinthe50'sof20centuriessuccess.Sincein1954atDutchthrowintheusagefortheveryfirsttime.Becauseitsawaterfluidmattergood,circulatethestabilityandmanageconvenienceetc.techniquecharacteristics,alreadyatdomesticandinternationalande*tensiveapplicationinlivethedirtywatertoisdirtytomanageaqueouslywiththeindustry[1].Currentapplicationthano*idizee*tensivelytheditchtypeinclude:The(Pasveer)o*idizestheditch,the(Carrousel)o*idizestheditch,(Orbal)o*idizestheditch,thetypeofTo*idizestheditch(threeditchtypeso*idizetheditch),thetypeofDEo*idizestheditchtoturntoo*idizetheditchwiththeintegralwhole.Theseo*idizetheditchbecauseofthedifferenceofesseinconstructionwithcirculating,thereforeeachcharacteristics[2].Thiste*twillintroduceconstruction,mechanism,e*istentproblemanditslatestdevelopmentsthatCarrouselo*idizeditchesprimarily.2.TheCarrouselo*idizestheconstructionoftheditchTheCarrouselo*idizetheditchtoberesearchedtomanufacturebyDutchDHVcompanydevelopmentin1967.O*idizethelastthecompanyofDHVinfoundationoftheditchintheoriginalCarrouseltopermitedspeciallythecompanyEIMCOtoinventagainwithitspatentintheUnitedStatesCarrousel2000system(seethefigure),realizesthelivingcreatureofthehigherrequesttakesoffthenitrogenwithdividedbythefunctionof.Therehasbeenintheworlduptonowmorethan850Carrouselso*idizetheditchwiththeCarrousel2000systemarecirculating[3].Fromdiagramtherefore,theCarrouselo*idizestheditchtheusagethespiritofthatdefinitedirectioncontrolwithshakeupthedevice,facetomi*withtheliquiddeliverthelevelspeed,frombutmakedrivetheliquidofadmi*turethatshakeupisino*idizeditchshutmatchoutletcirculateflow.Thereforeo*idizetheditchhavethespecialhydraulicsflowsthe,currentcompletemi*withthecharacteristicsofthetypereactor,havethecharacteristicsthatpushtheflowtypereactoragain,theditchinsidee*sitsobviouslyofdeliquescenceo*ygendensitystepsdegree.O*idizingtheditchcrosssectionisrectangleortrapezoids,theflatsurfaceshapeismanyforoval,theditchinternalwaterisdeepgeneralfor2.5～4.5ｍ,thebreadthisdeepcomparefor2:1,alsohavethedeepwateramountto7msof,ditchinsideaveragespeedinwatercurrentis0.3ms/s.O*idizeditchspiritadmi*tureequipmentscontainsurfacespiritmachine,thespiritofturntobrushorturnthedishandshoottoflowthespiritmachine,pipetypespiritmachinewithpromotetakecareoftypespiritmachineetc.,matchwithinrecentyearsusagestillcontainunderwaterpushmachine[4~6].3.TheCarrouselo*idizesthemechanismoftheditch3.1TheCarrouselo*idizestheditchhandlesdirtyandaqueousprincipleTheatthebeginningcommonCarrouselo*idizesthedirtywaterininsideincraftoftheditchdirectwithdirtymireinreflu*togetherentero*idizetheditchsystem.Thesurfacespiritmachinemakesfuseintheliquidofadmi*turethedensityoftheo*ygenDOincreasesabout2the3mgs/L.Underthiskindofwellthetermoftheo*ygen,themicroorganismgetstheenoughdeliquescenceo*ygencomesandgotodividedbytheBOD;Atthesametime,theammoniaweretooo*idizednitratewithsecondnitrate,thistime,mi*withtheliquidbeplacedintheo*ygenappearance.Inthespiritmachinedownstream,afterwatercurrentbebecomebytheswiftflowappearanceofthespiritDistrictofevenflowtheappearance,thewatercurrentmaintainsintheminimumcurrentvelocity,guaranteeingtheliveanddirtymirebeplacedinthefloatstheappearance.(averagecurrentvelocity>0.3ms/s)O*idizemicrobiallytheprocessconsumedtofusetheo*ygeninthewater,untilthevalueofDOdeclinesforzero,mi*ingwiththeliquidreporttheano*iaappearance.Versanitricthatturnthefunctionthroughano*iaarea,mi*withtheliquidentertohavetheo*ygenarea,completingoncecirculating.Thatsysteminside,theBODdeclinesthesolutionisacontinuousprocess,thenitricturnsthefunctiontoturnwiththeversanitricthefunctiontakeplaceinsamepond.Becauseofstructuralrestrict,thiskindofo*idizetheditchalthoughcanthenvalidwhereaboutsBOD,dividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousabilitylimited[7].Forthesakeoftheacquisitionbetterdividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousresult,Carrousel2000systemsincreasedao*ygenDistrictbeforecommonCarrouselo*idizeditchwiththeuniqueo*ygenarea.(callagainthattheversanitricinfrontturnsthearea)Thedirtymireinallreflu*esenterstheanaerobicDistrictwith10-30%dirtywater,canundertheano*iawith10-30%carbonsourcetermcompleteremainingofdirtymireinreflu*insidenitricacidnitrogentoversanitrictoturn,createsfortheuniqueo*ygenpondofhereafteruniqueo*ygenterm.Atthesametime,anaerobicDistrictinsideofconcurrentlythese*germsconvertthedissolubilityBODVFA,thegermacquiretheVFAitsassimilationPHB,theenergysourceneededsolvesinthephosphoricwaterandcausephosphaticreleasing.TheanaerobicDistrictawaterenterstheinnerpartinstallstheuniqueo*ygenareathathavethemi*er,theso-calleduniqueo*ygenisapondinsidetomi*withliquidsincehavenothenumeratoro*ygen,alsohavenothecompoundo*ygen(nitricacidroot),thehereuniqueo*ygenenvironmentisne*t,70-90%dirtywatercanprovidetheenoughcarbonsource,canmakethegermofreleasedthephosphoruswell.Theuniqueo*ygenareaconnectsbehindthecommonCarrouselo*idizestheditchsystem,furthercompletingtodoawaywiththeBODandtakeoffthenitrogenwithdividedbythephosphorus.Finally,mi*withtheliquidtransferthedirtymireinsideino*idizeditchenricho*ygenareaeject,whileenrichingtheo*ygenenvironmentgermsurfeit,phosphorusfromthewater,ejectingthesystemwiththedirtymireinsurplus.Likethis,inCarrousel2000systems,thancompletedtodoawaywiththeBOD,CODwithtakeoffatthesametimegoodlythenitrogendividedbythephosphorus.SynthesizinganddirtywaterintheriverCity,longsandCitydecontaminationcenter[softhedirtythefactoryofwaterinthefirstinKunmingofadoptionthatcraftshandlesthemovementresultofthefactorytherefore:ThroughCarrousel2000systemafterhandling,theBOD,COD,SSdoesawaywiththeratetoallcometoa90%above,theTNdoesawaywiththeratecomestoa80%,theTPdoesawaywiththeratetoalsocometoa90%.3.2TheCarrouselo*idizestheditchdividedsbythephosphorustakesoffthenitrogenousinfluencefactor.AffectingtheCarrouselo*idizestheditchdividedsbythephosphoricfactorisdirtymire,nitratedensityandqualitydensitiesprimarily.Theresearche*presses,beingtotalanddirtymireas11%thatahourbiggestphosphorus4%withdealisitsfuckdirtymiredealwithinliveanddirtymire,keepforthethegermphysicalendowmentmeasures,butwhendirtymireover15dhourdirtymiretheinsideisbiggesttocontaintheobviousdescentindealinphosphorus,canningnotreachthebiggestdividedingbytheresultofphosphorusonthecontrary.Therefore,prolongpersistentlythedirtymire(fore*ample20ds,25ds,30ds)istohavenonecessary,properchoosetousewithinthescopeof8~15d.Atthesametime,highnitratedensitywithlowqualitydensitydisadvantageindividedbytheprocessofphosphorus.AffectingtheCarrouselo*idizestheditchtakesoffthenitrogenousandmainfactorisDO,nitratedensityandcarbonsourcedensities.Theresearche*presses,o*idizingtheditchinsidee*sitsdeliquescenceo*ygendensitystepsdegreenamelythegoodo*ygenareaDOattains3~3.5mgs/L,theano*iaareaDOattains0~0.5mgs/Lisapriorconditiontotakeplacenitricturnreactionandversanitricsturnthereaction.Atthesametime,amplecarbonsourceandhigherC/theNratiobenefitstotakeofftocompletenitrogenously[7].4.TheCarrouselo*idizesproblemandsolutionmethodsoftheditchesse.ThoughtheCarrouselo*idizestheditchhasawaterfluidmattergood,theanti-poundsattheburthenabilitystrong,dividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenefficiency.But,inphysicallyofmovementprocess,stille*sitsaseriesofproblem.4.1DirtymireinflationproblemWhendiscardtheaquaticcarbohydratemore,theN,Pcontainstheunbalanceofdeal,thepHvalueislow,o*idizingthedirtymireininsideinditchcarrieshigh,fusetheo*ygendensitytheshortage,lineupthemirenotetc.causeseasilydirtymireingerminforminsilkinflation;Notthedirtymireingerminforminsilkinflationtakesplaceprimarilyatthewastewaterwatertemperatureislowerbutthedirtymirecarrieshigherhour.Themicrobialburthenishigh,thegermsabsorbedthelargequantitynourishmentmaterial,islowbecauseofthetemperature,metabolismthespeedisslower,accumulatingtheriseslargequantityishightogluese*ualandmanysugarmaterials,makingthesurfaceoftheliveanddirtymireadheretothewatertoincreaseconsumedly,SVIthevalueisveryhigh,becomingthedirtymireinflation.Causethataimatthedirtymireinflation,canadoptthedifferentcounterplan:Fromtheano*ia,watertemperaturehighresultinof,canenlargementtoleranceorlowerintothewatermeasurestoalleviateburthen,ortheadequacylowerstheMLSS(controldirtymirereflu*measure),makingneedtheo*ygenmeasuresdecrease;Ifthedirtymirecarrieshigh,canincreaseMLSS,toadjusttheburthen,necessitythehourcanstopintothewater,stuffyaperiodoftime;Canpassthehurladdthenitrogenfertilizer,phosphorusfatty,adjusttheadmi*turenourishmentintheliquidmaterialequilibrium(BOD5:N:P=100:5:1);ThevalueofpHoverlow,canthrowtoaddthelimeregulate;Bleachthepowderwiththeliquidchlorin(presstofuck0.3%ofthedirtymire~0.6%thehurladds),canrepressthesilkformgermbreed,controlingthedirtymireincombinativewaterinflation[11].4.2FoamproblemBecauseenteringtotakethegreaseoflargequantityinthewater,handlingsystemcan'tcompletelyandavailablyitsobviation,partsofgreasesenrichestogatherininthedirtymire,throughturntobrushtheo*ygenagitation,creationlargequantityfoam;Themireispartialtolong,thedirtymireisaging,andalsoeasycreationfoam.Spraytopourthewaterordividedbywiththesurfacetheofdoawaywiththefoam,incommonusedividedbytheanorganismoil,kerosene,theoilofsilicon,throwdealas0.5~1.5mgs/L.Passtoincreasedirtymireinpondinspiritindensityoradequaciesletupthetoleranceof,alsocancontrolthefoamcreationeffectively.Whencontainthelivematerialinsurfaceinthewastewatermore,separatewiththefoameasilyandinadvancemethodorothermethodsdoawaywith.Alsocanconsidertoincreasetoestablishasetofdividedingbytheoildevicemoreover.Butenhancemostimportantlytheheadwatersmanage,reducingtocontaintheoiloverthehighwastewaterandotherpoisonouswastewaterofinto[12].4.3FloattheproblemonthedirtymireWhencontaininthewastewatertheoilmeasuresbig,wholesystemmirequalitybecomelight,can'tliketocontrolverymuchinoperateprocessitsattwosinkthepondstopovertime,resultingintheano*iaeasily,producingthecorruptanddirtymireascendtofloat;Whenspirittimeoverlong,takeplaceinpondthehighdegreenitricturnthefunction,makingnitratedensityhigh,attwosinktheversanitricineasyoccurrenceinpondturnthefunction,creationnitrogenspirit,makedirtymireascendfloat;Moreover,containtheoilinthewastewater"Takeplacethedirtymireascendafterfloatingshouldpauseenterwater,brokeoffordirtymireinclearance,judgetheclearreason,adjusttheoperation.Thedirtymiresinkstodeclinethese*bad,canthrowtoaddofoagulateorslothmaterials,theimprovementprecipitatesthese*;Suchasenterthewatercarriesbigletupintothewatermeasuresortheenlargementreflu*measures;Suchasthedirtymiregrainsmalllowerthespiritmachineturnsoon;Ifdiscoversversanitricturning,shouldletupthetolerance,enlargethereflu*orrowthemiremeasures;Ifdiscoverthedirtymireiscorrupt,shouldenlargementtolerance,theclearanceaccumulatesthemire,andtrytheameliorativepondinternalwaterdintterm[12].4.4CurrentvelocityisnotallandthedirtymiresinkstoaccumulatetheproblemInCarrouselo*idizeditch,foracquiringitsspecialadmi*turewithhandlesresult,mi*withliquidmustwithcertaincurrentvelocityisinditchcirculateflow.Thinkgenerally,thelowestcurrentvelocityshouldshouldattainforanaveragecurrentvelocityfor,doingnottakeplacesinkingaccumulating0.3~0.5ms/s.Thespiritequipmentsthato*idizetheditchisgeneraltoturntobrushforthespiritoftoturnthedishwiththespiritof,turningtobrushofimmersetohavenodepthfor250~300mms,turnthedishimmersetohavenodepthfor480~530mms.Witho*idizetheditchwaterthedeep(3.0~3.6ms)comparing,turntobrushoccupiedthedeep1/10~inwater1/12,turnedthedishtoalsooccupythe1/6~only1/7,thereforeresultintoo*idizetheditchupperpartcurrentvelocitybigger(roughly0.8~1.2ms,evenlarger),butthebottomcurrentvelocityisverysmall(especiallyatthewaterisdeep2/3or3/4below,mi*withtheliquidhasnocurrentvelocityalmost),causingditchbottomlargequantityaccumulatethemire(sometimesaccumulatethemirethicknessamounttoa1.0ms),thevalidcapacitythatreducedtoo*idizetheditchconsumedly,loweredtohandleresult,affectedawaterfluidmatter.Addingthetop,downstreamleadstoflowtheplankisavalidmethodthatameliorativecurrentvelocitydistribute,increasestheo*ygenabilitywiththemostconvenientmeasure.Theupperstreamleadstoflowtheplankinstallsatbeapartfromtoturnthe4.0places(upperstream)：dish(turntobrush)a*is,leadtoflowplankhighdegreeasthedeep1/5~inwater1/6,combinetheperpendicularityinstallinthesurface;Thedownstreamleadstoflowtheplankinstallsatbeapartfromtoturndish(turntobrush)a*is3.0ms.Leadingtoflowknotholematerialcanusemetalsorglasssteels,butregardglasssteelasgood.Leadtoflowtheplankcompareswithotherameliorativemeasure,can'tnotonlyincreasethemotiveconsumeswithrevolvescost,butalsocanstillthansignificantlye*altation充o*ygenabilitywiththeoriesmotiveefficiency[13].Moreover,passinthespiritonboardswimtoestablishtheunderwaterpushmachinecanalsoturntothespiritoftheliquidofadmi*turethatbrushthebottomlowspeedareacirculatestoflowtorisepositivepushfunction,frombutthesolutiono*idizestheproblemthatlowanddirtymireincurrentvelocityinbottominditchsinkaccumulates.Establishtheunderwaterpushmachineusedsfore*clusivelythepushmi*swiththeliquidcanmakemovementmethodthato*idizetheditchmuchmorevivid,thisforeconomyenergy,liftthehigh-efficiencyhavingtheveryimportantmeaning[14].5.TheCarrouselo*idizesthedevelopmentoftheditchBecausethedirtywaterhandlesstandardinsidetodividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousrequestmoreandmorestrict,thedevelopmentthatCarrouselfurthero*idizedtheditchtoalsoget.Current,theresearchandapplicationincludesmorelybelowtwocategorytype:TinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systems,Carrousel3000system.5.1TinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systemTinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000tinyboreinadoptioninsystemspirit(provideo*ygenequipmentsasthedrumbreezemachine),thetinyborespiritmachinecanproducethediameteroflargequantityasasurfacefororsoandsmallspiritsteeping,thisconsumedlyincreasesspiritbubbleaccumulates,underingthecertaincircumstanceincapacityinpondmaketheo*ygentransferthegrossmeasuresaggrandizement.(ifdeepincrementinpond,itsspreadthequalityefficiencywillbehigher)Producethetechniqueabilityofthefactoryhouseaccordingtothecurrentdrumbreezemachine,thevalidwaterofthepondisdeepbiggestamountingtoa8ms,thereforecanselectbye*aminationsaccordingtothedifferentcraftrequestthefitwaterisdeep.Thetraditiono*idizestheditchpushestoflowistomakeuseoftoturntobrush,turnadiscorpourtheumbrellatypeformmachinerealizesof,itsequipmentsutilizationislow,themotiveconsumesbig.TinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systemsthenadoptedtheunderwaterpushesthewaythatflow,risestodivethepropellertheleafthemotivationthatroundcreationthedirectfunctionnamelyintheofwater,atpushtoflowthefunctiontocankeepdirtymirefromsinkingtodeclineeffectivelyagainatthesametime.Asaresult,theadoptiondivesthepropellersincelowerthemotiveconsume,makingmirewatergotagaintomi*swithadequately.Seeingfromwaterpowercharacteristic,tinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systemsarewreathsformthefoldflowsthepondtype,concurrentlypushingtheflowtypewithcompletemi*withthetypeflows.Inregardtowholeo*idizeditch,canthinkthato*idizetheditchisacompletemi*withspiritpond,itsdensityvarietycoefficientsmallestevencanneglecttodonotaccount,enterthewaterwillgetthedilutionquickly,thereforeithavetheverystronganti-poundsattheburthenability.Buthaveo*idizeditchinsideofacertainverymuchthesomepushingthecharacteristicoftheflowtype,inthenearbydistrictindownstreaminmachineinspiritinDOdensityhigher,butalongwithincreasewithspiritmachinedistancecontinuouslythenthedensityofDOlowerscontinuously.(appeartheano*iaarea)Thiskindofstructuremethodmakesfriendlyo*ygeninareainano*iaareae*sitedtobuildthethinginside,makinguseofitswaterpowercharacteristicwell,comingtoanefficientlythelivingcreaturetakesoffthenitrogenouspurpose.TinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systemthoughhavetheo*ygenabilitystrong,dividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogeneffective,coverthearealittlewithcanconsumelowetc.advantage,italsoe*sitsatthesametimetheproblemthattinyborespiritequipmentsmaintain.Current,theservicelifeofthelocalandtinyborespiritmachineis5yearsin4~,canamountto10yearsin8~goodly,butwithimportthetinyborespiritmachinecomparetostillhavethecertainmargin.Thespiritmachinemaintainsunliketheformequipmentsissoconvenient,itneedtofuckthepondtalentfi*s,andalsoistosayoncethetinyborespiritmachineappearstheproblemtoneedtheadoptionparalleltwoinconveniencefororthirdsetstosolvingproblem,oradoptingpromotingdevicewaitingtoresolving,thistoowillgivingproductionwithmanagingbringingbiggest[1516].5.2Carrousel3000systemCarrousel3000systemsareintheCarrousel2000systemsaree*-toplusalivingcreaturethechoicethearea.Thatlivingcreaturechoiceareaisacrafttomakeuseofhighorganismcarriestosievegermgrow,represssilkformgermincrease,increaseeachpollutantdoawaywiththerate,afterwardprincipletogetherCarrousel2000system.Carrousel3000systemofbiggerincreasestoe*pressat:Anistoincreasedtheponddeep,canamountto7.5~8ms,unitedatheartcircletype,thepondwallusestotally,reducingtocoverthearea,loweringtobuildthepricetoincreasestobearthelowtemperatureabilityatthesametime;(canamountto7℃)Twoistheliquidofadmi*turethatspiritequipmentsthatskillfuldesign,theformmachinedescendstoinstalltoleadtoflow,theano*iaoftakeout,adoptthe